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Stevens MJ, Rempe SLB. Binding of Li + to Negatively Charged and Neutral Ligands in Polymer Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10200-10207. [PMID: 37930189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Conceptually, single-ion polymer electrolytes (SIPE) with the anion bound to the polymer could solve major issues in Li-ion batteries, but their conductivity is too low. Experimentally, weakly interacting anionic groups have the best conductivity. To provide a theoretical basis for this result, density functional theory calculations of the optimized geometries and energies are performed for charged ligands used in SIPE. Comparison is made to neutral ligands found in dual-ion conductors, which demonstrate higher conductivity. The free energy differences between adding and subtracting a ligand are small enough for the neutral ligands to have the conductivity seen experimentally. However, charged ligands have large barriers, implying that lithium transport will coincide with the slow polymer diffusion, as observed in experiments. Overall, SIPE will require additional solvent to achieve a sufficiently high conductivity. Additionally, the binding of mono- and bidentate geometries varies, providing a simple and clear reason that polarizable force fields are required for detailed interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Stevens
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Susan L B Rempe
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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2
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Liu J, Schaefer JL. Li + Conduction in Glass-Forming Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes with and without Ion Clusters. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Schaefer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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3
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Zhu C, Pedretti BJ, Kuehster L, Ganesan V, Sanoja GE, Lynd NA. Ionic Conductivity, Salt Partitioning, and Phase Separation in High-Dielectric Contrast Polyether Blends and Block Polymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Congzhi Zhu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Pedretti
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Louise Kuehster
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gabriel E. Sanoja
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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4
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Wang G, Kieffer J. Contiguous High-Mobility Interphase Surrounding Nano-Precipitates in Polymer Matrix Solid Electrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:848-858. [PMID: 36542798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We establish that an interfacial region develops around amorphous Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) nanoparticles in a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which exhibits a 30 times higher Li+ mobility than the polymer matrix. To take advantage of this gain throughout the material, nanoparticles must be uniformly dispersed across the matrix, so that the interphase formation is minimally blocked by LATP particle agglomeration. This is achieved using a water-based in situ precipitation method, carefully controlling the temperature schedule during processing. A maximum conductivity of 3.80 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 20 °C for an ethylene oxide to Li ratio of 10 is observed at 25 wt % (12.5 vol %) particle loading, as predicted by our tri-phase model. Comparative infrared spectroscopy reveals softening and broadening of the C-O-C stretching modes, reflecting increased disorder in the polymer backbone that is consistent with opening passageways for cation migration. A transition state theory-based approach for analyzing the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity reveals that thermally activated processes within the interphase benefit more from higher activation entropy than from the decrease in activation enthalpy. The lithium infusion from LATP particles is small, and the charge carriers tend to concentrate in a space-charge configuration near the particle/polymer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - John Kieffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
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Jeong KJ, Jeong S, Lee S, Son CY. Predictive Molecular Models for Charged Materials Systems: From Energy Materials to Biomacromolecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204272. [PMID: 36373701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions play a dominant role in charged materials systems. Understanding the complex correlation between macroscopic properties with microscopic structures is of critical importance to develop rational design strategies for advanced materials. But the complexity of this challenging task is augmented by interfaces present in the charged materials systems, such as electrode-electrolyte interfaces or biological membranes. Over the last decades, predictive molecular simulations that are founded in fundamental physics and optimized for charged interfacial systems have proven their value in providing molecular understanding of physicochemical properties and functional mechanisms for diverse materials. Novel design strategies utilizing predictive models have been suggested as promising route for the rational design of materials with tailored properties. Here, an overview of recent advances in the understanding of charged interfacial systems aided by predictive molecular simulations is presented. Focusing on three types of charged interfaces found in energy materials and biomacromolecules, how the molecular models characterize ion structure, charge transport, morphology relation to the environment, and the thermodynamics/kinetics of molecular binding at the interfaces is discussed. The critical analysis brings two prominent field of energy materials and biological science under common perspective, to stimulate crossover in both research field that have been largely separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
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6
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Polystyrene-Based Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries are one of the more promising replacements for lithium-ion batteries owing to their ability to reach high energy densities. The main problem limiting their commercial application is the formation of dendrites, which significantly reduces their durability and renders the batteries unsafe. In the present work, we used a single-ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte based on a poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) block copolymer, which was functionalized with benzenesulfonylimide anions and plasticized by a mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethylacetamide (SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA), with a solvent uptake of 160% (~12 solvent molecules per one functional group of the membrane). The SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of 0.6 mSm∙cm−1 at 25 °C and appears to be a cationic conductor (TLi+ = 0.72). SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA is electrochemically stable up to 4.1 V. Symmetrical Li|Li cells; further, with regard to SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA membrane electrolytes, it showed a good performance (~0.10 V at first cycles and <0.23 V after 700 h of cycling at ±0.1 mA∙cm−2 and ±0.05 mAh∙cm−2). The LiFePO4|SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA|Li battery showed discharge capacity values of 100 mAh∙g−1 and a 100% Coulomb efficiency, at a cycling rate of 0.1C.
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Fan M, Shen KH, Hall LM. Effect of Tethering Anions in Block Copolymer Electrolytes via Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Fan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Shen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Lehmann ML, Yang G, Nanda J, Saito T. Unraveling Ion Transport in Trifluoromethanesulfonimide Pentablock Copolymer Membranes in Nonaqueous Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Lehmann
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Liu J, Yang L, Pickett PD, Park B, Schaefer JL. Li + Transport in Single-Ion Conducting Side-Chain Polymer Electrolytes with Nanoscale Self-Assembly of Ordered Ionic Domains. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Lingyu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Phillip D. Pickett
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bumjun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Schaefer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Paren BA, Nguyen N, Ballance V, Hallinan DT, Kennemur JG, Winey KI. Superionic Li-Ion Transport in a Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolyte. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Valerie Ballance
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel T. Hallinan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Loaiza LC, Johansson P. Li‐salt Doped Single‐ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Application. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Loaiza
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg SE‐41296 SWEDEN
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg SE‐41296 SWEDEN
- ALISTORE‐European Research Institute FR CNRS 3104, Hub de I'Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque Amiens 80039 FRANCE
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Nguyen N, Blatt MP, Kim K, Hallinan DT, Kennemur JG. Investigating miscibility and lithium ion transport in blends of poly(ethylene oxide) with a polyanion containing precisely-spaced delocalized charges. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00605g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a precision single ion conductor with a phenylsulfonyl (TFSI) lithium salt pendant at every 5th carbon is reported and miscibility, conductivity, and transference studies are performed upon blending with PEO at varying compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael Patrick Blatt
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University–Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Kyoungmin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University–Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Daniel T. Hallinan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University–Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Patrick Blatt
- Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Daniel T. Hallinan
- Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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Abstract
We present a general theory of ionic conductivity in polymeric materials consisting of percolated ionic pathways. Identifying two key length scales corresponding to inter-path permeation distance ξ and one-dimensional hopping conduction path length mλ, we have derived closed-form formulas in terms of the energy U required to unbind a conductive ion from its bound state and the partition ratio ξ/mλ between the three-dimensional permeation and one-dimensional hopping pathways. The results provide design strategies to significantly enhance ionic conductivity in single-ion conductors. For large barriers to dissociate an ion, corrections to the Arrhenius law are presented. The predicted dependence of ionic conductivity on the unbinding time is in agreement with results in the literature based on simulations and experiments. This theory is generally applicable to conductive systems where the two mechanisms of permeation and hopping occur concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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15
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Shen KH, Fan M, Hall LM. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ion-Containing Polymers Using Generic Coarse-Grained Models. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Shen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mengdi Fan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Paren BA, Thurston BA, Neary WJ, Kendrick A, Kennemur JG, Stevens MJ, Frischknecht AL, Winey KI. Percolated Ionic Aggregate Morphologies and Decoupled Ion Transport in Precise Sulfonated Polymers Synthesized by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- Dept. Of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Bryce A. Thurston
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1411, United States
| | - William J. Neary
- Dept. Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Aaron Kendrick
- Dept. Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Dept. Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Mark J. Stevens
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1411, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1411, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Dept. Of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
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Nederstedt H, Jannasch P. Poly( p-phenylene)s tethered with oligo(ethylene oxide): synthesis by Yamamoto polymerization and properties as solid polymer electrolytes. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salt-containing rigid-rod polyphenylenes tethered with ethylene oxide side chains form mechanically and thermally stable “molecular composite electrolytes” reaching high conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Nederstedt
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
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