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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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Diels-Alder Cycloaddition to the Bay Region of Perylene and Its Derivatives as an Attractive Strategy for PAH Core Expansion: Theoretical and Practical Aspects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225373. [PMID: 33213037 PMCID: PMC7698498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PAHs (polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons), the compound group that contains perylene and its derivatives, including functionalized ones, have attracted a great deal of interest in many fields of science and modern technology. This review presents all of the research devoted to modifications of PAHs that are realized via the Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition of various dienophiles to the bay regions of PAHs, leading to the π-extension of the starting molecule. This type of annulative π-extension (APEX) strategy has emerged as a powerful and efficient synthetic method for the construction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their functionalized derivatives, nanographenes, and π-extended fused heteroarenes. Then, [4 + 2] cycloadditions of ethylenic dienophiles, -N=N-, i.e., diazo-dienophiles and acetylenic dienophiles, are presented. This subject is discussed from the organic synthesis point of view but supported by theoretical calculations. The possible applications of DA cycloaddition to PAH bay regions in various science and technology areas, and the prospects for the development of this synthetic method, are also discussed.
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Kurpanik A, Matussek M, Szafraniec-Gorol G, Filapek M, Lodowski P, Marcol-Szumilas B, Ignasiak W, Małecki JG, Machura B, Małecka M, Danikiewicz W, Pawlus S, Krompiec S. APEX Strategy Represented by Diels-Alder Cycloadditions-New Opportunities for the Syntheses of Functionalised PAHs. Chemistry 2020; 26:12150-12157. [PMID: 32339360 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diels-Alder cycloaddition of various dienophiles to the bay region of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a particularly effective and useful tool for the modification of the structure of PAHs and thereby their final properties. The Diels-Alder cycloaddition belongs to the single-step annulative π-extension (APEX) reactions and represents the maximum in synthetic efficiency for the constructions of π-extended PAHs including functionalised ones, nanographenes, and π-extended fused heteroarenes. Herein we report new applications of the APEX strategy for the synthesis of derivatives of 1,2-diarylbenzo[ghi]perylene, 1,2-diarylbenzo[ghi]perylenebisimide and 1,2-disubstituted-benzo[j]coronene. Namely, the so far unknown cycloaddition of 1,2-diarylacetylenes into the perylene and perylenebisimide bay regions was used. 1,2-Disubstituted-benzo[j]coronenes were obtained via cycloaddition of benzyne into 1,2-diarylbenzo[ghi]perylenes by using a new highly effective system for benzyne generation and/or high pressure conditions. Moreover, we report an unprecedented Diels-Alder cycloaddition-cycloaromatisation domino-type reaction between 1,4-(9,9-dialkylfluoren-3-yl)-1,3-butadiynes and perylene. The obtained diaryl-substituted core-extended PAHs were characterised by DFT calculation as well as electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kurpanik
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Szafraniec-Gorol
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Filapek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Lodowski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Marcol-Szumilas
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Witold Ignasiak
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pawlus
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics &, Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Stanisław Krompiec
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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