1
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Dubey G, Singh T, Bharatam PV. The importance of four-membered NHCs in stabilizing Breslow intermediates on benzoin condensation pathway. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:346-354. [PMID: 35652523 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been established to be effective organocatalysts for facilitating the benzoin condensation and many other reactions. These reactions involve the formation of a Breslow intermediate (BI), which exhibits umpolung chemistry. To facilitate organocatalysis, several new cyclic carbenes are being introduced, four-membered NHCs are of special interest. Whether these NHCs can exhibit catalytic influence or not, can be evaluated by exploring the potential energy surface (PES) of the benzoin condensation reaction. Quantum chemical analysis has been carried out to compare the PES of these four-membered NHCs with that of standard five-membered NHCs to explore their catalytic ability. The barrier for the first step of the reaction for the formation of BI is comparable in all the cases. But the barrier for the second step of the reaction leading to the benzoin formation from BI is estimated to be very high for the four membered NHCs. These results indicate that the probability of identifying and isolating the BI is very high in comparison to the completion of benzoin condensation reaction in the case of the four-membered NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurudutt Dubey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India
| | - Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India
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2
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Barman D, Lo R, Maiti DK, Manna D, Ghosh T. Mechanistic Exploration of Umpolung Guided Stetter‐Aldol Reaction and Its Dependence on the Choice of Imine. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Barman
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Palacký University Olomouc Křížkovského 511/8 Olomouc 77900 Czech Republic
| | - Dilip K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Debashree Manna
- Department of Applied Chemistry Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology West Bengal, Simhat Haringhata 741249, W.B. India
| | - Tapas Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India
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3
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Wang H, Xu K. Electrochemical Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H Hydroxyalkylation of N-Heteroarenes with Trifluoromethyl Ketones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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4
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Yuan WC, Yang L, Zhao JQ, Du HY, Wang ZH, You Y, Zhang YP, Liu J, Zhang W, Zhou MQ. Copper-Catalyzed Umpolung of N-2,2,2-Trifluoroethylisatin Ketimines for the Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition with Benzo[ b]thiophene Sulfones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4603-4608. [PMID: 35704767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed umpolung of N-2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines for the enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with benzo[b]thiophene sulfones was developed. Using a catalyst system consisting of an (S,Sp)-tBu-Phosferrox ligand, Cu(OTf)2, and Cs2CO3, a range of pentacyclic spirooxindoles containing pyrrolidine and benzo[b]sulfolane subunits were obtained in high efficiency with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivites under mild conditions. The practicality and versatility of the reaction were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Hong-Yan Du
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yong You
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Peng Y, Chen L, Bao H, Zhou B, Wu H, Liu Y. Reactivity Umpolung of the C═N Bond in Quinoxaline Scaffold Enabling Direct Nucleophilic Attack of Alkyl Grignard Reagents at the N-Terminus. Org Lett 2022; 24:3982-3986. [PMID: 35648469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity umpolung of the C═N bond in the quinoxaline scaffold has been successfully realized for the first time by introduction of a formyl or an acyl group adjacent to the C-position of the C═N moiety. The reversed reactivity of the C═N bond thus enabled direct nucleophilic attack of alkyl Grignard reagents at the N-terminus rather than the C-terminus, thereby providing an unprecedented and efficient method for the synthesis of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives involving a tandem N-alkylation/C─C bond cleavage process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Lailin Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hanyang Bao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bingwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Huayue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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6
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Liu SL, Liu X, Wang Y, Wei D. Unraveling the mechanism and substituent effects on the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed transformation reaction of enals and imines. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Hussain Y, Chauhan P. Catalytic asymmetric umpolung reactions of imines via 2-azaallyl anion intermediates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4193-4212. [PMID: 33870977 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The imine umpolung is a relatively new and interesting strategy, especially in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. A significant development in organo- and transition metal-catalyzed umpolung of imines took place only in the recently concluded decade. A majority of the reports on the asymmetric umpolung of imines involve the initial generation of 2-azaallyl anion intermediates with the chiral catalysts, which serve as a significant driving force for the umpolung addition/substitution reactions. A variety of organocatalysts such as bifunctional cinchona alkaloids including squaramides and thioureas, chiral BINOL derived phosphoric acids, phase transfer catalysts (PTCs), phosphines, and transition metal-complexes of iridium, copper and palladium have been employed to achieve the excellent level of asymmetric induction in such types of umpolung reactions. The asymmetric imine umpolung strategy has been applied successfully to synthesize synthetic amino-acid derivatives and other useful chiral amines, including drugs and potentially bioactive molecules. This review summarizes all the significant recent development in catalytic umpolung reactions of imines involving a 2-azaallyl anion intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagti, NH 44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, J&K 181221, India.
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagti, NH 44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, J&K 181221, India.
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8
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Wang G, Zhang Q, Wei C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Huang J, Wei D, Fu Z, Huang W. Asymmetric Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Functionalized Aldimines as 1,4‐Dipoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Qiao‐Chu Zhang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
| | - Chenlong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Linxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Juhui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
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9
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Wang G, Zhang Q, Wei C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Huang J, Wei D, Fu Z, Huang W. Asymmetric Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Functionalized Aldimines as 1,4‐Dipoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7913-7919. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Qiao‐Chu Zhang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
| | - Chenlong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Linxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Juhui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
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10
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Pandey R, Singh G, Gour V, Anand RV. Base-mediated sequential one-pot approach for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles from 2-(tosylamino)aryl-substituted para-quinone methides. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Gong K, Zhang H, Lan Y, Wei D. Theoretical study of the NHC-catalyzed C–S bond cleavage and reconstruction reaction: mechanism, stereoselectivity, and role of catalysts. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the NHC-catalyzed C–S bond activation reaction has been theoretically studied and ELF analysis along with IRC results shows that the NHC promotes the cleavage of the C–S bond via an SN2 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Gong
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry (Center of Green Catalysis), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry (Center of Green Catalysis), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
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12
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Deng Q, Meng X. Recent Advances in the Cycloaddition Reactions of 2‐Benzylidene‐1‐benzofuran‐3‐ones, and Their Sulfur, Nitrogen and Methylene Analogues. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2838-2853. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P.R. China
| | - Xiangtai Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P.R. China
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13
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Das TK, Biju AT. Imines as acceptors and donors in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8537-8552. [PMID: 32602493 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03290e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic potential of imines as electrophiles or as a source of nucleophilic coupling partner in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis for the synthesis of various nitrogen heterocycles and functionalized amines is highlighted in this Feature Article. Electrophilic imines are suitable candidates for intercepting the NHC-derived acyl anions, homoenolate equivalents, and (di)enolates for the synthesis of α-amino ketones and a variety of lactam derivatives. Moreover, enamines generated from imines bearing α-hydrogen could be trapped with α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums for the synthesis of functionalized dihydropyridinones. NHCs are also useful for the umpolung of imines for the generation of aza-Breslow intermediates thus leading to the synthesis of indoles, quinolines, dihydroquinoxalines etc. A concise account of the diverse reactivity of imines in NHC catalysis has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Kanti Das
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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14
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Neto JSS, Zeni G. Alkynes and Nitrogen Compounds: Useful Substrates for the Synthesis of Pyrazoles. Chemistry 2020; 26:8175-8189. [PMID: 31990413 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The easy preparation and functionalization of pyrazoles associated with their innumerable biological properties have made this class of N-heterocycles very attractive for the development of new synthetic routes and applications. The cyclization reactions of alkynes and nitrogen compounds represent a powerful tool for the preparation of pyrazoles. This Review covers the recent advances in the preparation of pyrazoles by reacting alkynes and nitrogen compounds under transition-metal-catalyzed or metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose S S Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
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15
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Barik S, Biju AT. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis using aliphatic aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15484-15495. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances are presented in NHC catalysis employing aliphatic aldehydes as substrates for the generation of various carbene-bound intermediates and subsequent interception with electrophiles/nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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16
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Ma JT, Cheng Y. Construction of enantiopure imine bridged benzo[c]azepinones by a silver(i) and chiral N-heterocyclic carbene multicatalytic reaction sequence of N′-(2-alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazides and cyclopropanecarbaldehydes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of enantiopure bridged benzo[c]azepinone compounds has been developed by metal/N-heterocyclic carbene multicatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Ma
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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