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Gao H, Bai Y, He B, Tan CS. A Simple Label-Free Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Sensitive Detection of C-Reactive Proteins. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1180. [PMID: 36551147 PMCID: PMC9775280 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the human body is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases and inflammation. In this study, a label-free functionalized aptamer sensor was attached to an electrode trimmed with in-gold nanoparticles and carboxylated graphene oxide (AuNPs/GO-COOH) to achieve sensitive measurements relative to CRP. Gold nanoparticles were selected for this study due to super stability, remarkably high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. In addition, carboxylated graphene oxide was utilized to promote the anchorage of inducer molecules and to increase detection accuracies. The sensing signal was recorded using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and it produced a conspicuous peak current obtained at approximately -0.4 V. Furthermore, the adapted sensor manifested a broad linear span from 0.001 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL. The results also demonstrated that this aptamer sensor had superior stability, specificity, and reproducibility. This aptamer-based electrochemical sensor has enormous potential in complex application situations with interfering substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Gao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongchang Bai
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Baixun He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cherie S. Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Komarova N, Panova O, Titov A, Kuznetsov A. Aptamers Targeting Cardiac Biomarkers as an Analytical Tool for the Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051085. [PMID: 35625822 PMCID: PMC9138532 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of cardiac biomarkers is used for diagnostics, prognostics, and the risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases. The analysis of cardiac biomarkers is routinely performed with high-sensitivity immunological assays. Aptamers offer an attractive alternative to antibodies for analytical applications but, to date, are not widely practically implemented in diagnostics and medicinal research. This review summarizes the information on the most common cardiac biomarkers and the current state of aptamer research regarding these biomarkers. Aptamers as an analytical tool are well established for troponin I, troponin T, myoglobin, and C-reactive protein. For the rest of the considered cardiac biomarkers, the isolation of novel aptamers or more detailed characterization of the known aptamers are required. More attention should be addressed to the development of dual-aptamer sandwich detection assays and to the studies of aptamer sensing in alternative biological fluids. The universalization of aptamer-based biomarker detection platforms and the integration of aptamer-based sensing to clinical studies are demanded for the practical implementation of aptamers to routine diagnostics. Nevertheless, the wide usage of aptamers for the diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases is promising for the future, with respect to both point-of-care and laboratory testing.
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3
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Azzouz A, Hejji L, Sonne C, Kim KH, Kumar V. Nanomaterial-based aptasensors as an efficient substitute for cardiovascular disease diagnosis: Future of smart biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113617. [PMID: 34555756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As a major cause of deaths in developed countries, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been a big burden for human health systems. Its early and rapid detection is crucial to efficiently apply appropriate on time therapy and to ultimately reduce the associated mortality rate. Aptamers, known as single-stranded DNA/RNA or oligonucleotides containing receptors and/or catalytic properties, have been widely employed in biodetection platforms due to their beneficial properties. Like antibodies, aptamers have served as artificial target receptors in affinity biosensors. Currently, advanced biosensors with improved sensitivity and specificity are fabricated by the synergistic combination of aptamers and diverse nanomaterials. Herein, we review the current development and applications of nanomaterial-based aptasensors for the recognition of CVD biomarkers with special emphasis on electrochemical and optical technologies. The performance of aptasensors has been assessed further in terms of key quality assurance metrics along with discussions on recent technologies developed for the amplification of signals with enhanced portability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonaim Azzouz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Lamia Hejji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
| | - Vanish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
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4
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Advances in aptamer-based sensing assays for C-reactive protein. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:867-884. [PMID: 34581827 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), a non-specific acute-phase indicator of inflammation, has been widely recognized for its value in clinical diagnostic applications. With the advancement of testing technologies, there have been many reports on fast, simple, and reliable methods for CRP testing. Among these, the aptamer-based biosensors are the focus and hotspot of research for achieving high-sensitivity analysis of CRP. This review summarizes the progress of in vitro aptamer screening for CRP and the recent advances in aptamer-based CRP sensor applications, thus developing insight for the new CRP aptasensor design strategy.
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Chen L, Li Y, Miao L, Pang X, Li T, Qian Y, Li H. "Lighting-up" curcumin nanoparticles triggered by pH for developing improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 188:113308. [PMID: 34030097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the field of precision medicine, the anticipated features of ideal drug delivery systems (DDS) have high drug loading capacity and effective stimuli-triggered mechanism, which are fitting well with the expected merits of signal labels for enhanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inspired by this, poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-capped curcumin nanoparticles (PDDA@CUR NPs) with high loading capacity were synthesized as signal labels and further applied to dual-model colorimetric and fluorescence ELISA for the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP). Curcumin (CUR) was elaborately selected as report molecule similar to the roles of drugs in DDS, which dispersed in neutral water exhibits a negligible fluorescence response due to the aggregation of CUR molecules induced quenching effect, stimulated by basic water (BW, pH 12.36), the allochroic effect from colorless to orange occurred and fluorescence restored because of the keto-enol tautomerism in the molecular structure of CUR, just like lighting-up (from signal "OFF" to signal "ON"), yielded a dual-model colorimetric and fluorescent signal readout. PDDA, as a polycationic electrolyte, provided a biological platform that is capable of interacting with CRP label antibodies by virtue of its positive centers. The results show that "lighting-up" CUR NPs-based dual-modal colorimetric and fluorescent ELISA for CRP detection has the merits of easy-to-use, good enough sensitivity and reliability. And more importantly, it brings innovative ideas for the precise identification and quantification of protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Optoelectronics Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Optoelectronics Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Luyang Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Xiaolong Pang
- College of Optoelectronics Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongjun Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - He Li
- College of Optoelectronics Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China.
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Yan S, Ahmad KZ, Li S, Warden AR, Su J, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhi X, Ding X. Pre-coated interface proximity extension reaction assay enables trace protein detection with single-digit accuracy. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 183:113211. [PMID: 33857753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in trace protein detection contribute to the early diagnosis of diseases and exploration of stem cell development. The pre-coated interface proximity extension reaction (PIPER) assay enables target protein detection at trace levels and was developed based on protein biomarker recognition using sets of three specific antibodies and the extension of antibody-bound nucleic acid chains in proximity, accompanied by amplification and reading of protein signals via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Noise generated in binding reactions and enzymatic steps was decreased by transferring the liquid-liquid reactions onto a liquid-solid interface in glutaraldehyde-treated tubes pre-coated with antibodies. Nucleic acid sequences of oligo-antibody-based probes were designed for extension and qPCR without pre-amplification when binding to a target molecule. As a proof of concept, the PIPER assay was used to profile slight variations in crucial biomarkers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and cardiac troponin I. The detection sensitivity of the assay for the biomarkers was 0.05 pg/mL (1.25 fM) in 10% human serum. In phosphate-buffered saline, the PIPER assay detected fewer than 10 protein molecules per μL. The simple, widely applicable PIPER assay can detect trace protein biomarkers with single-digit accuracy, making it appropriate for the development of clinical hypersensitive protein detection and single-cell protein detection technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Khan Zara Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Sijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Antony R Warden
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Youyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Sun Y, Wang C, Tang L, Zhang Y, Zhang GJ. Magnetic-enhanced fluorescence sensing of tumor miRNA by combination of MNPs@PDA with duplex specific nuclease. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2968-2975. [PMID: 35424210 PMCID: PMC8693806 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific detection of miRNA still remains challenging. In this work, a simple and sensitive fluorescence biosensor has been developed for detection of miRNA by combining the magnetic nanoparticles coated with poly-dopamine (MNPs@PDA) with duplex specific nuclease (DSN). The MNPs@PDA could be easily synthesized via autoxidation of dopamine on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. The MNPs@PDA could specifically bind with the FAM-labeled single-strand DNA (ssDNA) probes via polyvalent metal-mediated coordination, resulting in the quench of fluorescence signal. The MNPs@PDA exhibited good anti-interference performance in complex matrix. The inner filter effect (IFE) of the MNPs@PDA could be eliminated via magnetic separation. In the presence of specific miRNA, DSN digested the DNA in the DNA-miRNA duplexes and small fragments were formed. The force between these small fragments and MNPs@PDA was negligible, resulting in the occurrence of fluorescence signal. Due to the incorporation of DSN, signal amplification was realized via the recycling process. The established method achieved a low detection limit down to 0.42 pM. The linear concentration range was from 5 pM to 5 nM. Moreover, this method also had high specificity. Remarkably, the target miRNAs extracted from human cells were detected by using the sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine 16 Huangjia Lake West Road Wuhan 430065 People's Republic of China +86-27-68890259 +86-27-68890259
| | - Cancan Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine 16 Huangjia Lake West Road Wuhan 430065 People's Republic of China +86-27-68890259 +86-27-68890259
| | - Lina Tang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine 16 Huangjia Lake West Road Wuhan 430065 People's Republic of China +86-27-68890259 +86-27-68890259
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine 16 Huangjia Lake West Road Wuhan 430065 People's Republic of China +86-27-68890259 +86-27-68890259
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine 16 Huangjia Lake West Road Wuhan 430065 People's Republic of China +86-27-68890259 +86-27-68890259
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Li J, Li H, Xu J, Zhao X, Song S, Zhang H. Myocardial infarction biomarker C-reactive protein detection on nanocomposite aptasensor. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:166-171. [PMID: 33370481 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is considered as one of the major life-threatening health issues worldwide. Growing number of cases every year is demanding rapid, portable, and early detection by the sensing devices for the identification of MI. This research work introduces a modified interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensing surface constructed with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCN) to detect the cardiac biomarker, C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP-specific aptamer was conjugated with gold nanoparticle and attached on SWCN-constructed IDE surface. This probe-modified sensing surface has reached the limit of CRP detection to 10 pM on a linear regression curve with the regression coefficient of R² = 0.9223 [y = 0.9198x - 0.4326]. Further, control molecules, such as random aptamer sequence and nontarget cardiac biomarker (Troponin I), did not show the current response, indicating the specific CRP detection. This sensing strategy helps to detect the lower level of CRP and diagnose the MI at its earlier stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Second Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xushui Huayi hospital, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Xu
- Department of Second Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhou Zhao
- Department of Second Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujiang Song
- Department of Second Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huitao Zhang
- Department of Third Emergency, Baoding First Central Hospital West Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Ma Y, Yang J, Yang T, Deng Y, Gu M, Wang M, Hu R, Yang Y. Electrochemical detection of C-reactive protein using functionalized iridium nanoparticles/graphene oxide as a tag. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9723-9729. [PMID: 35497247 PMCID: PMC9050126 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) has become a recognized indicator of inflammation. CRP concentration in serum is an important indicator for monitoring early heart damage, and it is also a newly discovered coronary heart disease-associated inflammatory factor. A conductive nano-hybrid material composed of Au NPs and ionic liquid functionalized molybdenum disulfide (Au NPs/IL-MoS2) was prepared and utilized to immobilize primary CRP antibodies. Subsequently, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DN) was adsorbed onto graphene oxide (GO) through π–π stacking, which was used to load iridium nanoparticles (Ir NPs) as a tag to label secondary CRP antibodies. The large surface area of Au NPs/IL-MoS2 and the excellent electrocatalytic properties of Ir NPs/GO-DN toward the reduction of H2O2 resulted in a highly sensitive assay for CRP antigens. This immunosensor exhibited wide linear ranges from 0.01 to 100 ng mL−1 and a lower detection of limit of 3.3 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). This CRP immunosensor can be applied in real serum sample analysis with satisfactory results, indicating that the immunosensor has potential applications in biomedical detection. Ir NPs@GO-DN was used as a tag to label CRP antibody to construct a sandwich CRP immunosensor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yunnan Normal University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Jiao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yunnan Normal University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Tong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yunnan Normal University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yunnan Normal University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Mengqiao Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yunnan Normal University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yunnan Normal University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yunnan Normal University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yunnan Normal University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
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