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Xia N, Xu L, Huang M, Xu D, Li Y, Wu H, Mei Z, Yu Z. Neuroprotection of macamide in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease involves Nrf2 signaling pathway and gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176638. [PMID: 38734297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of macamide's neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) were investigated in the paper. Macamides are considered as unique ingredients in maca. Improvement effects and mechanisms of macamide on cognitive impairment have not been revealed. In this study, Vina 1.1.2 was used for docking to evaluate the binding abilities of 12 main macamides to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). N-benzyl-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienamide (M 18:2) was selected to study the following experiments because it can stably bind to AChE with a strong binding energy. The animal experiments showed that M 18:2 prevented the scopolamine (SCP)-induced cognitive impairment and neurotransmitter disorders, increased the positive rates of Nrf2 and HO-1 in hippocampal CA1, improved the synaptic plasticity by maintaining synaptic morphology and increasing the synapse density. Moreover, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus, serum, and colon were reduced by M 18:2. Furthermore, M 18:2 promoted colonic epithelial integrity and partially restored the composition of the gut microbiota to normal, including decreased genera Clostridiales_unclassified and Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, as well as increased genera Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Muribaculum, Alistipes, and Bacteroides, which may be the possible biomarkers of cognitive aging. In summary, M 18:2 exerted neuroprotective effects on SCP-induced AD mice possibly via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengyin Xia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lingyun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Dengrui Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zejun Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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Tran KN, Nguyen NPK, Nguyen LTH, Shin HM, Yang IJ. Screening for Neuroprotective and Rapid Antidepressant-like Effects of 20 Essential Oils. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051248. [PMID: 37238920 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder with high prevalence, and the delayed onset of antidepressant effects remains a limitation in the treatment of depression. This study aimed to screen essential oils that have the potential for rapid-acting antidepressant development. PC12 and BV2 cells were used to identify essential oils with neuroprotective effects at doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/mL. The resulting candidates were treated intranasally (25 mg/kg) to ICR mice, followed by a tail suspension test (TST) and an elevated plus maze (EPM) after 30 min. In each effective essential oil, five main compounds were computationally analyzed, targeting glutamate receptor subunits. As a result, 19 essential oils significantly abolished corticosterone (CORT)-induced cell death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and 13 reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). From in vivo experiments, six essential oils decreased the immobility time of mice in the TST, in which Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and Myristica fragrans Houtt. also increased time and entries into the open arms of the EPM. Four compounds including atractylon, α-curcumene, α-farnesene, and selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one had an affinity toward GluN1, GluN2B, and Glu2A receptor subunits surpassed that of the reference compound ketamine. Overall, Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC and Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat essential oils are worthy of further research for fast-acting antidepressants through interactions with glutamate receptors, and their main compounds (atractylon, α-curcumene, α-farnesene, and selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one) are predicted to underlie the fast-acting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Nguyen Tran
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nhi Phuc Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Mook Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Strategy for Simultaneous Extraction of Five Macamides from Lepidium meyenii Walp and In Vitro Bioactivities. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020248. [PMID: 36673339 PMCID: PMC9858098 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an integrated approach of deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (DES-UAE) to simultaneously extract five major bioactive macamides from the roots of Lepidium meyenii Walp. Ten different DESs containing choline chloride and selected hydrogen-bond donors were prepared and evaluated based on the extracted macamide content determination using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Choline chloride/1,6-hexanediol in a 1:2 molar ratio with 20% water exhibited the most promising extraction efficiencies under the optimized parameters verified using single-factor optimization as well as Box-Behnken design. Using the optimized DES-UAE method, the extraction efficiencies of the five macamides were up to 40.3% higher compared to those using the most favorable organic solvent petroleum ether and were also superior to those of the other extraction methods, such as heating and combination of heating and stirring. Furthermore, using the macroporous resin HPD-100, the recoveries of the five target macamides from the DES extraction reached 85.62-92.25%. The 20 μg/mL group of the five macamide extracts showed superior neuroprotective activity against PC12 cell injury than that of the positive drug nimodipine. The macamide extracts also showed higher NO inhibition in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Thus, the developed approach was a green and potential alternative that can be used to extract bioactive macamide constituents from L. meyenii in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Yu Z, Li D, Zhai S, Xu H, Liu H, Ao M, Zhao C, Jin W, Yu L. Neuroprotective effects of macamide from maca ( Lepidium meyenii Walp.) on corticosterone-induced hippocampal impairments through its anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and synaptic protection properties. Food Funct 2021; 12:9211-9228. [PMID: 34606547 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of N-(3-methoxybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide (M 18:3) on corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity. A neurotoxic model was established by subcutaneous injection of corticosterone (40 mg per kg bw) for 21 days. Depressive behaviors (the percentage of sucrose consumption, the immobility time in the forced swimming test, and the total distance in the open field test) were observed. The levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and the numbers of positive cells of doublecortin and bromodeoxyuridine in the hippocampus were measured. The density of hippocampal neurons was calculated. The morphological changes of hippocampal neurons (the density of dendritic spines, the dendritic length, and the area and volume of dendritic cell bodies) were observed. The expression levels of synaptophysin, synapsin I, and postsynaptic density protein 95 were measured. Behavioral experiments showed that M 18:3 (5 and 25 mg per kg bw) could remarkably improve the depressive behaviors. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that M 18:3 could considerably reduce hippocampal neuroinflammation and increase hippocampal neurotrophy. Nissl staining showed that M 18:3 could remarkably improve the corticosterone-induced decrease in the hippocampal neuron density. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that M 18:3 could considerably promote hippocampal neurogenesis. Golgi staining showed that M 18:3 could remarkably improve the corticosterone-induced changes in the hippocampal dendritic structure. Western blotting showed that M 18:3 could considerably increase the expression levels of synaptic-structure-related proteins in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the protective effects of M 18:3 may be attributed to the anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and synaptic protection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Ezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ezhou, 436060, China
| | - Dong Li
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Ezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ezhou, 436060, China
| | - Shengbing Zhai
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Ezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ezhou, 436060, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Ezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ezhou, 436060, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Ezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ezhou, 436060, China
| | - Mingzhang Ao
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunfang Zhao
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Yu Z, Liu H, Li D, Chen X, Ao M, Jin W, Yu L. N-(3-Methozybenzyl)-(9 Z,12 Z,15 Z)-octadecatrienamide from maca ( Lepidium meyenii Walp.) ameliorates corticosterone-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Food Funct 2021; 11:7762-7774. [PMID: 32797129 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of maca ethanol extract (EEM) and N-(3-methozybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide (M 18:3) on corticosterone (CORT)-induced testicular toxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Except for the control group, CORT (40 mg per kg·bw) was injected subcutaneously for 21 consecutive days to induce testicular toxicity. 1 h before CORT injection, the rats were treated with EEM (400 mg per kg·bw) and M 18:3 (5 mg per kg·bw, 25 mg per kg·bw) by gavage, except for the control group and model group. Epididymal sperm and biochemical, and histological parameters were evaluated for the protective effects of the drugs. EEM (400 mg per kg·bw) and M 18:3 (5 mg per kg·bw, 25 mg per kg·bw) increased the sperm concentration and sperm motility, decreased the production of abnormal sperms, and increased the number of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules of CORT-induced rats. Moreover, EEM and M 18:3 decreased the MDA levels and the positive expression rates of TUNEL, whereas they increased the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GST, and the contents of GSH in the testicles of CORT-induced rats. Furthermore, EEM and M 18:3 alleviated CORT-induced reduction in the positive expression rates of PCNA and Ki67 in the testicles of rats. Besides, EEM and M 18:3 reduced the expression levels of Keap-1 and increased the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, γ-GCS, and NQO1 in the testicles of CORT-induced rats. In summary, the protective effects of EEM and M 18:3 may be attributed to their anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dong Li
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingzhang Ao
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Antioxidant and antitumoral activities of isolated macamide and macaene fractions from Lepidium meyenii (Maca). Talanta 2021; 221:121635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lew SY, Lim SH, Lim LW, Wong KH. Neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. against high-dose corticosterone-induced oxidative stress in PC-12 cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:340. [PMID: 33176761 PMCID: PMC7656699 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hericium erinaceus is a culinary and medicinal mushroom in Traditional Chinese Medicines. It has numerous pharmacological effects including immunomodulatory, anti-tumour, anti-microbial, anti-aging and stimulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis, but little is known about its potential role in negating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress in depression. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of H. erinaceus standardised aqueous extract (HESAE) against high-dose corticosterone-induced oxidative stress in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells, a cellular model mimicking depression. METHODS PC-12 cells was pre-treated with HESAE for 48 h followed by 400 μM corticosterone for 24 h to induce oxidative stress. Cells in complete medium without any treatment or pre-treated with 3.125 μg/mL desipramine served as the negative and positive controls, respectively. The cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, aconitase activity, mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and number of apoptotic nuclei were quantified. In addition, HESAE ethanol extract was separated into fractions by chromatographic methods prior to spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS We observed that PC-12 cells treated with high-dose corticosterone at 400 μM had decreased cell viability, reduced endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, disrupted mitochondrial function, and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, pre-treatment with HESAE ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/mL had increased cell viability, decreased LDH release, enhanced endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, restored MMP, attenuated intracellular ROS and protected from ROS-mediated apoptosis. The neuroprotective effects could be attributed to significant amounts of adenosine and herierin III isolated from HESAE. CONCLUSIONS HESAE demonstrated neuroprotective effects against high-dose corticosterone-induced oxidative stress in an in vitro model mimicking depression. HESAE could be a potential dietary supplement to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yuen Lew
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Huah Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, China
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Khadka B, Lee JY, Park DH, Kim KT, Bae JS. The Role of Natural Compounds and their Nanocarriers in the Treatment of CNS Inflammation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1401. [PMID: 33019651 PMCID: PMC7601486 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, which is involved in various inflammatory cascades in nervous tissues, can result in persistent and chronic apoptotic neuronal cell death and programmed cell death, triggering various degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroprotective effects of natural compounds against neuroinflammation are mainly mediated by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that specifically promote or inhibit various molecular signal transduction pathways. However, natural compounds have several limitations, such as their pharmacokinetic properties and stability, which hinder their clinical development and use as medicines. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and degenerative diseases of CNS. In addition, it emphasizes potential natural compounds and their promising nanocarriers for overcoming their limitations in the treatment of neuroinflammation. Moreover, recent promising CNS inflammation-targeted nanocarrier systems implementing lesion site-specific active targeting strategies for CNS inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Khadka
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Ki-Taek Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea;
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMR1, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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