A numerical simulation for magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow and heat transfer in rotating horizontal annulus with thermal radiation

Light and the Brain: A Clinical Case Depicting the Effects of Light on Brainwaves and Possible Presence of Plasma-like Brain Energy

Light is an electromagnetic radiation that has visible and invisible wavelength spectrums. Visible light can only be detected by the eyes through the optic pathways. With the presence of the scalp, cranium, and meninges, the brain is seen as being protected from direct exposure to light. For that reason, the brain can be viewed as a black body lying inside a black box. In physics, a black body tends to be in thermal equilibrium with its environment and can tightly regulate its temperature via thermodynamic principles. Therefore, a healthy brain inside a black box should not be exposed to light. On the contrary, photobiomodulation, a form of light therapy for the brain, has been shown to have beneficial effects on some neurological conditions. The proposed underlying mechanisms are multiple. Herein, we present our intraoperative findings of rapid electrocorticographic brainwave changes when the brain was shone directly with different wavelengths of light during awake brain surgery. Our findings provide literature evidence for light's ability to influence human brain energy and function. Our proposed mechanism for these rapid changes is the presence of plasma-like energy inside the brain, which causes fast brain activities that are akin to lightning strikes.

Duan–Rach Approach to Study Al2O3-Ethylene Glycol C2H6O2 Nanofluid Flow Based upon KKL Model

This work explains the cooling capabilities of ethylene glycol (EG)-based nanofluid containing aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as nanoparticles. Because of its enhanced thermophysical properties, Nanofluids are used in many application areas of mechanical and engineering in the form of nanofluid coolants such as electronics and vehicle cooling, transformer, and computer cooling. Depending on the heating and cooling systems, it is also used as an anti-freezing agent, which lowers the freezing point but enhances boiling point and temperature coolant. After using appropriate similarity transformation, the present Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model for solving the boundary value problem (BVP) is tackled analytically. A comparison is made with a purely analytical approach by a modified version of the semi-analytical Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), which is introduced by Duan and Rach (Duan–Rach Approach) and shooting technique. Analytical and graphical treatment of the flow regime is carried out, and the behavior of the leading parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration profile with the behavior of physical quantities i.e., skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number are illustrated. This study confirms that, due to extraction in width the flow moves away from the lower plate whereas it moves towards near the upper plate and a rapid decrease in temperature is marked when alumina–EG nanofluids are taken into account.