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Qu Y, Arguilla MQ, Zhang Q, He X, Dincă M. Ultrathin, High-Aspect Ratio, and Free-Standing Magnetic Nanowires by Exfoliation of Ferromagnetic Quasi-One-Dimensional van der Waals Lattices. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19551-19558. [PMID: 34752073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Driven by numerous discoveries of novel physical properties and integration into functional devices, interest in one-dimensional (1D) magnetic nanostructures has grown tremendously. Traditionally, such structures are accessed with bottom-up techniques, but these require increasing sophistication to allow precise control over crystallinity, branching, aspect ratio, and surface termination, especially when approaching the subnanometer regime in magnetic phases. Here, we show that mechanical exfoliation of bulk quasi-one-dimensional crystals, a method similar to those popularized for two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) lattices, serves as an efficient top-down method to produce ultrathin freestanding nanowires that are both magnetic and semiconducting. We use CrSbSe3 as a representative quasi-1D vdW crystal with strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy and show that it can be exfoliated into nanowires with an average cross-section of 10 ± 2.8 nm. The CrSbSe3 nanowires display reduced Curie-Weiss temperature but higher coercivity and remanence than the bulk phase. The methodology developed here for CrSbSe3, a representative for a vast class of 1D vdW lattices, serves as a blueprint for investigating confinement effects for 1D materials and accessing functional nanowires that are difficult to produce via traditional bottom-up methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maxx Q Arguilla
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xin He
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Claire FJ, Solomos MA, Kim J, Wang G, Siegler MA, Crommie MF, Kempa TJ. Structural and electronic switching of a single crystal 2D metal-organic framework prepared by chemical vapor deposition. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5524. [PMID: 33139701 PMCID: PMC7608636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of metal-organic frameworks into advanced devices remains a desirable goal, but progress is hindered by difficulties in preparing large crystalline metal-organic framework films with suitable electronic performance. We demonstrate the direct growth of large-area, high quality, and phase pure single metal-organic framework crystals through chemical vapor deposition of a dimolybdenum paddlewheel precursor, Mo2(INA)4. These exceptionally uniform, high quality crystals cover areas up to 8600 µm2 and can be grown down to thicknesses of 30 nm. Moreover, scanning tunneling microscopy indicates that the Mo2(INA)4 clusters assemble into a two-dimensional, single-layer framework. Devices are readily fabricated from single vapor-phase grown crystals and exhibit reversible 8-fold changes in conductivity upon illumination at modest powers. Moreover, we identify vapor-induced single crystal transitions that are reversible and responsible for 30-fold changes in conductivity of the metal-organic framework as monitored by in situ device measurements. Gas-phase methods, including chemical vapor deposition, show broader promise for the preparation of high-quality molecular frameworks, and may enable their integration into devices, including detectors and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- F James Claire
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Solomos
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jungkil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gaoqiang Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kempa
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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