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Adachi J, Oda H, Fukushima T, Lestari B, Kimura H, Sugai H, Shiraki K, Hamaguchi R, Sato K, Kinbara K. Dense and Acidic Organelle-Targeted Visualization in Living Cells: Application of Viscosity-Responsive Fluorescence Utilizing Restricted Access to Minimum Energy Conical Intersection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5196-5204. [PMID: 36930819 PMCID: PMC10061370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell-imaging methods with functional fluorescent probes are an indispensable technique to evaluate physical parameters in cellular microenvironments. In particular, molecular rotors, which take advantage of the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process, have helped evaluate microviscosity. However, the involvement of charge-separated species in the fluorescence process potentially limits the quantitative evaluation of viscosity. Herein, we developed viscosity-responsive fluorescent probes for cell imaging that are not dependent on the TICT process. We synthesized AnP2-H and AnP2-OEG, both of which contain 9,10-di(piperazinyl)anthracene, based on 9,10-bis(N,N-dialkylamino)anthracene that adopts a nonflat geometry at minimum energy conical intersection. AnP2-H and AnP2-OEG exhibited enhanced fluorescence as the viscosity increased, with sensitivities comparable to those of conventional molecular rotors. In living cell systems, AnP2-OEG showed low cytotoxicity and, reflecting its viscosity-responsive property, allowed specific visualization of dense and acidic organelles such as lysosomes, secretory granules, and melanosomes under washout-free conditions. These results provide a new direction for developing functional fluorescent probes targeting dense organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Adachi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Haruka Oda
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Beni Lestari
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroka Sugai
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Rei Hamaguchi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazushi Kinbara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.,Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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Suzuki S, Sasaki S, Sairi AS, Iwai R, Tang BZ, Konishi G. Principles of Aggregation-Induced Emission: Design of Deactivation Pathways for Advanced AIEgens and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9856-9867. [PMID: 32154630 PMCID: PMC7318703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was proposed, and this unique luminescent property has attracted scientific interest ever since. However, AIE denominates only the phenomenon, while the details of its underlying guiding principles remain to be elucidated. This minireview discusses the basic principles of AIE based on our previous mechanistic study of the photophysical behavior of 9,10-bis(N,N-dialkylamino)anthracene (BDAA) and the corresponding mechanistic analysis by quantum chemical calculations. BDAA comprises an anthracene core and small electron donors, which allows the quantum chemical aspects of AIE to be discussed. The key factor for AIE is the control over the non-radiative decay (deactivation) pathway, which can be visualized by considering the conical intersection (CI) on a potential energy surface. Controlling the conical intersection (CI) on the potential energy surface enables the separate formation of fluorescent (CI:high) and non-fluorescent (CI:low) molecules [control of conical intersection accessibility (CCIA)]. The novelty and originality of AIE in the field of photochemistry lies in the creation of functionality by design and in the active control over deactivation pathways. Moreover, we provide a new design strategy for AIE luminogens (AIEgens) and discuss selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suzuki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental ChemistryKyoto UniversityTakano-Nishibiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyou-kuKyoto606-8103Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sasaki
- Université de NantesCNRSInstitut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMNF-44000NantesFrance
| | - Amir Sharidan Sairi
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-H-134 O-okayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152-8552Japan
| | - Riki Iwai
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-H-134 O-okayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152-8552Japan
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong
| | - Gen‐ichi Konishi
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-H-134 O-okayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152-8552Japan
- PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST)Japan
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Gupta V, Sirohi P, Singh N, Singh RP. Design and development of fluorescence-capable novel pyrazine-based polycyclic heteroaromatics for cellular bioimaging. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03171b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-capable pyrazine-based polycyclic heteroaromatics for application in bioimaging were synthesized via a simple and concise methodology, and investigation of their fluorescence properties, including the effect of pH on the fluorescence behaviour, and MTT assays were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Parul Sirohi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Ravi P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
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