1
|
Chaudhary A, Mathur D, Gaba R, Pasricha R, Sharma K. Greening up organic reactions with caffeine: applications, recent developments, and future directions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8932-8962. [PMID: 38500612 PMCID: PMC10945742 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies in the field of alkaloid chemistry have provided researchers with valuable insights into their unique properties as catalysts. Among the diverse natural catalysts, caffeine has emerged as a green, expedient, and biodegradable catalyst with high efficiency and applicability. Interest in using caffeine as a catalyst has burgeoned over the past few years with its role in diverse multicomponent reactions. Preparation of its imidazolium salts and further conversion to Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligands and ionic liquids offers new paradigms. Caffeine has also played a multifaceted role as a support material in influencing the structural properties of nanoparticles. We hope that the chemistry of caffeine and its applications for sustainable organic transformations discussed in this review will stimulate new thinking and open new avenues in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 021 India
| | - Divya Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 007 India
| | - Ritu Gaba
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 021 India
| | - Raaina Pasricha
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 021 India
| | - Khyati Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 021 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bysewski O, Winter A, Liebing P, Schubert US. Noble Metal Complexes of a Bis-Caffeine Containing NHC Ligand. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134316. [PMID: 35807559 PMCID: PMC9268361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have seen more and more use over the years. The go-to systems that are usually considered are derivatives of benzimidazole or imidazole. Caffeine possesses an imidazole unit and was already utilized as a carbene-type ligand; however, its use within a tridentate bis-NHC system has—to the best of our knowledge—not been reported so far. The synthesis of the ligand is straightforward and metal complexes are readily available via silver-salt metathesis. A platinum(II) and a palladium(II) complex were isolated and a crystal structure of the former was examined. For the Pt(II) complex, luminescence is observed in solid state as well as in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bysewski
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (O.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (O.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (O.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diels-Alder Cycloaddition Reactions in Sustainable Media. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041304. [PMID: 35209094 PMCID: PMC8876200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction is one of the most powerful strategies for the construction of six-membered carbocyclic and heterocyclic systems, in most cases with high regio- and stereoselectivity. In this review, an insight into the most relevant advances on sustainable Diels–Alder reactions since 2010 is provided. Various environmentally benign solvent systems are discussed, namely bio-based derived solvents (such as glycerol and gluconic acid), polyethylene glycol, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical carbon dioxide, water and water-based aqueous systems. Issues such as method’s scope, efficiency, selectivity and reaction mechanism, as well as sustainability, advantages and limitations of these reaction media, are addressed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Briou B, Améduri B, Boutevin B. Trends in the Diels-Alder reaction in polymer chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11055-11097. [PMID: 34605835 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction is regarded as quite a useful strategy in organic and macromolecular syntheses. The reversibility of this reaction and the advent of self-repair technology, as well as other applications in controlled macromolecular architectures and crosslinking, have strongly boosted the research activity, which is still attracting a huge interest in both academic and industrial research. The DA reaction is a simple and scalable toolbox. Though it is well-established that furan/maleimide is the most studied diene/dienophile couple, this perspective article reports strategies using other reversible systems with deeper features on other types of diene/dienophile pairs being either petro-sourced (cyclopentadiene, anthracene) or bio-sourced (muconic and sorbic acids, myrcene and farnesene derivatives, eugenol, cardanol). This review is composed of four sections. The first one briefly recalls the background on the DA reactions involving cyclodimerizations, dienes, and dienophiles, parameters affecting the reaction, while the second part deals with the furan/maleimide reaction. The third one deals with petro-sourced and bio-sourced (or products becoming bio-sourced) reactants involved in DA reactions are also listed and discussed. Finally, the authors' opinion is given on the potential future of the crosslinking-decrosslinking reaction, especially regarding the process (e.g., key temperatures of decrosslinking) or possibly monocomponents. It presents both fundamental and applied research on the DA reaction and its applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Briou
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Wen Y, Wang N, Han F, Li Y, Zhuang H, Miao C. Ionic Liquids with Multi‐Active Sites Synergistically Catalyzed Metal‐Free Transformation of Alcohols Using Dimethyl Carbonate as an Environmental Solvent. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zengmin Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Daizong Road No. 61 Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Yating Wen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Daizong Road No. 61 Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Daizong Road No. 61 Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Daizong Road No. 61 Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Daizong Road No. 61 Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Hongfeng Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Daizong Road No. 61 Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Chengxia Miao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Daizong Road No. 61 Tai'an 271018 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ismael A, Gevorgyan A, Skrydstrup T, Bayer A. Renewable Solvents for Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ismael
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ashot Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
A reactor capable of efficiently collecting kinetic data in flow is presented. Conversion over time data is obtained by cycling a discrete reaction slug back and forth between two residence coils, with analysis performed each time the solution is passed between the two. In contrast to a traditional steady-state continuous flow system, which requires upward of 5× the total reaction time to obtain reaction progress data, this design achieves much higher efficiency by collecting all data during a single reaction. In combination with minimal material consumption (reactions performed in 300 μL slugs), this represents an improvement in efficiency for typical kinetic experimentation in batch as well. Application to kinetic analysis of a wide variety of transformations (acylation, SNAr, silylation, solvolysis, Pd catalyzed C-S cross-coupling and cycloadditions) is demonstrated, highlighting both the versatility of the reactor and the benefits of performing kinetic analysis as a routine part of reaction optimization/development. Extension to the monitoring of multiple reactions simultaneously is also realized by operating the reactor with multiple reaction slugs at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Sullivan
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akkarasereenon K, Tangdenpaisal K, Ruchirawat S, Ploypradith P. Chemoselective acid-catalyzed [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions of ortho-quinone methides and styrenes/stilbenes/cinnamates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8854-8866. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions between o-QMs and different olefins—styrenes, stilbenes, and cinnamates—yielded distinct cycloadducts in moderate to good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kornkamon Akkarasereenon
- Program in Chemical Sciences
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Chulabhorn Royal Academy
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | | | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Sciences
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Chulabhorn Royal Academy
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Program in Chemical Sciences
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Chulabhorn Royal Academy
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| |
Collapse
|