1
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Aryanfar A, Dhara T, DasGupta S, Goddard WA. A dynamically equivalent atomistic electrochemical paradigm for the larger-scale experiments. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014707. [PMID: 38953452 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical systems possess a considerable part of modern technologies, such as the operation of rechargeable batteries and the fabrication of electronic components, which are explored both experimentally and computationally. The largest gap between the experimental observations and atomic-level simulations is their orders-of-magnitude scale difference. While the largest computationally affordable scale of the atomic-level computations is ∼ns and ∼nm, the smallest reachable scale in the typical experiments, using very high-precision devices, is ∼s and ∼μm. In order to close this gap and correlate the studies in the two scales, we establish an equivalent simulation setup for the given general experiment, which excludes the microstructure effects (i.e., solid-electrolyte interface), using the coarse-grained framework. The developed equivalent paradigm constitutes the adjusted values for the equivalent length scale (i.e., lEQ), diffusivity (i.e., DEQ), and voltage (i.e., VEQ). The time scale for the formation and relaxation of the concentration gradients in the vicinity of the electrode matches for both smaller scale (i.e., atomistic) equivalent simulations and the larger scale (i.e., continuum) experiments and could be utilized for exploring the cluster-level inter-ionic events that occur during the extended time periods. The developed model could offer insights for forecasting experiment dynamics and estimating the transition period to the steady-state regime of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trina Dhara
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sunando DasGupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - William A Goddard
- California Institute of Technology, E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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2
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Park S, Hwang H, Kim SH. Deterministic Formation and Growth of Dendritic Crystals of Attractive Colloids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311543. [PMID: 38334249 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Dendrites are ubiquitous crystals produced in supersaturated solutions and supercooled melts, but considerably less is known about their formation and growth kinetics. Here, the key factors are explored that dictate dendrite formation and growth, utilizing experimental colloidal models in which the particles act as molecules with Mie potential. Depletion attraction is employed to colloids and manipulate their strength to control supersaturation. Dendrites are predominantly produced under conditions of low supersaturation, where the separation between crystals is large due to slow nucleation. The dendrites do not emerge directly from nuclei. Instead, isotropic grains, initially produced from nuclei, morph into polygons. Arms then sprout from the vertices of these polygons, eventually giving rise to dendrites. Triggering this polygon-to-dendrite transformation requires a high diffusional flux. This necessitates a prolonged diffusion time to maintain a steep concentration gradient in the surrounding environment even after the transformation from circular grains to polygons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Maldonado-Ochoa SA, Zampieri M, Otero M, Vaca Chávez F. Morphology characterization of dendrites on lithium metal electrodes by NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17141-17147. [PMID: 38847322 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite the considerable potential offered by lithium metal's high capacity for rechargeable batteries, challenges such as dendrite formation and safety concerns persist. As strategies continue to advance in dendrite management, the demand for efficient monitoring tools becomes increasingly pronounced. In this study, we delve into the characterization of dendrites, elucidating the influence of microstructure morphology on the NMR spectrum using a combination of simulations and experiments. Systematic variations in various geometrical parameters highlight dendrite density as a pivotal distinguishing feature. Furthermore, the investigation explores the effectiveness of a pulse sequence in selectively exciting microstructures over the bulk, providing valuable insights into mitigating dendrite-related challenges in lithium-metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Agustín Maldonado-Ochoa
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Muriel Zampieri
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Manuel Otero
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabián Vaca Chávez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Cicvarić K, Pohlmann S, Zhang B, Rahmanian F, Merker L, Gaberšček M, Stein HS. Fast formation of anode-free Li-metal batteries by pulsed current. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14713-14720. [PMID: 38716609 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Anode-free Li-metal batteries offer high energy density but are prone to dendrite formation during charging which can cause catastrophic failures. Ensuring dendrite-free smooth Li deposits during charging is therefore necessary. Suppressing dendrite growth can be achieved by pulsed current charging, especially during the formation cycle that largely determines the corrosion trajectory of a cell. As opposed to the constant-current technique, pulsed current techniques apply intermittently stopped current flows. This work investigates the electroplating of metallic Li onto a Cu foil current collector under constant-current and pulsed current formation protocols. In addition to smoother, less resistive electroplated metallic Li deposits and increased Coulombic efficiency, we show that by employing an optimized pulsed current formation protocol, the formation process is accelerated by a factor of 2 and the Coulombic efficiency was increased by 10% compared to a C/20 protocol. Finally, by employing a simple regression coupled to experimentation, we propose the pseudo-IR-drop to be used for live adjustment of pulsed current protocols i.e., individually approach each cell at all SOC during formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Cicvarić
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 1, 189081, Ulm, Germany.
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pohlmann
- Bundeswehr University Munich, Department of Electrical Engineering, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Bojing Zhang
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 1, 189081, Ulm, Germany.
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fuzhan Rahmanian
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 1, 189081, Ulm, Germany.
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Leon Merker
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 1, 189081, Ulm, Germany.
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Miran Gaberšček
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helge Sören Stein
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 1, 189081, Ulm, Germany.
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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5
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Chen R, Zhou Y, Li X. Fe 3 C/nanocarbon-Enabled Lithium Dendrite Mitigation in Lithium-Sulfur batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2308261. [PMID: 38037693 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Lithium dendrite-induced short circuits and material loss are two major obstacles to the commercialization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Here, a nanocarbon composite consisting of cotton-derived Fe3 C-encapsulated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Fe3 C-MWCNTs) and graphene effectively traps polysulfides to suppress lithium dendrite growth is reported. Machine learning combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations unveils a new polysulfide-induced lithium dendrite formation mechanism: the migration of polysulfides away from the anode drags out lithium protrusions through localized lattice distortion of the lithium anode and traps lithium ions in the surrounding electrolyte, leading to lithium dendrite formation. The Li-S battery, constructed using the composite of cotton-derived Fe3 C-MWCNTs and graphene that serves as both the sulfur host and the anode interlayer, exhibits exceptional cycling stability, impressive capacity retention, and effective mitigation of lithium dendrite formation. The findings offer valuable strategies to prevent lithium dendrite formation and enhance understanding of lithium dendrite growth in Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4746, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4746, USA
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4746, USA
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6
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Zhang X, Sun C. Recent advances in dendrite-free lithium metal anodes for high-performance batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19996-20011. [PMID: 35983860 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the merits of high energy density, light weight, and low electrode potential, lithium metal anodes (LMAs) have lately sparked worldwide attention in the field of batteries. However, their low Coulombic efficiency, tremendous volume expansion, and serious dendrite growth make lithium metal batteries (LMBs) unsuitable for a wide variety of applications. Moreover, when lithium dendrite crosses the electrolyte and reaches the cathode material, it may cause short circuit and safety issues for batteries. Herein, to accelerate the development of LMBs, we give a brief summary of the dendrite growth mechanisms in both liquid and solid systems of electrolytes. In particular, various modification approaches to dendrite-free lithium metal batteries are discussed. Furthermore, advanced in situ characterization techniques for the real-time observation of lithium dendrite growth are presented. To address the application issues, various potential research routes for improving the performance of LMBs are provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Chunwen Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
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7
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Maheshwari S, Shetty S, Ratnakar R, Sanyal S. Role of Computational Science in Materials and Systems Design for Sustainable Energy Applications: An Industry Perspective. J Indian Inst Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Ahsan S, Rauf A, Taufique MFN, Al Jame H, Sarker S, Nishat SS, Islam MT, Islam AF, Jani MR, Islam MS, Shorowordi KM, Ahmed S. Feasibility study of Mg storage in a bilayer silicene anode via application of an external electric field. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20583-20598. [PMID: 35919162 PMCID: PMC9301544 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal of developing a Si-based anode for Mg-ion batteries (MIBs) that is both efficient and compatible with the current semiconductor industry, the current research utilized classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation in investigating the intercalation of a Mg2+ ion under an external electric field (E-field) in a 2D bilayer silicene anode (BSA). First principles density functional theory calculations were used to validate the implemented EDIP potentials. Our simulation shows that there exists an optimum E-field value in the range of 0.2–0.4 V Å−1 for Mg2+ intercalation in BSA. To study the effect of the E-field on Mg2+ ions, an exhaustive spread of investigations was carried out under different boundary conditions, including calculations of mean square displacement (MSD), interaction energy, radial distribution function (RDF), and trajectory of ions. Our results show that the Mg2+ ions form a stable bond with Si in BSA. The effects of E-field direction and operating temperature were also investigated. In the X–Y plane in the 0°–45° range, 15° from the X-direction was found to be the optimum direction for intercalation. The results of this work also suggest that BSA does not undergo drastic structural changes during the charging cycles with the highest operating temperature being ∼300 K. With the goal of developing a Si-based anode for Mg-ion batteries (MIBs), classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) was utilized in investigating the intercalation of a Mg2+ ion under an external electric field (E-field) in a 2D bilayer silicene anode (BSA).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiyatul Ahsan
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering (MME), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), East Campus, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abrar Rauf
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering (MME), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), East Campus, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasan Al Jame
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering (MME), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), East Campus, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saugata Sarker
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering (MME), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), East Campus, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sadiq Shahriyar Nishat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Md Tohidul Islam
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Azmain Faek Islam
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, USA
| | - Md Rafsun Jani
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering (MME), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), East Campus, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering (MME), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), East Campus, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md Shorowordi
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering (MME), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), East Campus, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saquib Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, SUNY – Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA
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9
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Lee H, Sitapure N, Hwang S, Kwon JSI. Multiscale modeling of dendrite formation in lithium-ion batteries. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Kamphaus EP, Balbuena PB. Liquid state properties of SEI components in dimethoxyethane. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124701. [PMID: 34598576 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is a critical constituent of battery technology, which incorporates the use of lithium metals. Since the formation of the SEI is difficult to avoid, the engineering and harnessing of the SEI are absolutely critical to advancing energy storage. One problem is that much fundamental information about SEI properties is lacking due to the difficulty in probing a chemically complex interfacial system. One such property that is currently unknown is the dissolution of the SEI. This process can have significant effects on the stability of the SEI, which is critical to battery performance but is difficult to probe experimentally. Here, we report the use of ab initio computational chemistry simulations to probe the solution state properties of SEI components LiF, Li2O, LiOH, and Li2CO3 in order to study their dissolution and other solution-based characteristics. Ab initio molecular dynamics was used to study the solvation structures of the SEI with a combination of radial distribution functions, discrete solvation structure maps, and vibrational density of states, which allows for the determination of free energies. From the change in free energy of dissolution, we determined that LiOH is the most likely component to dissolve in the electrolyte followed by LiF, Li2CO3, and Li2O although none were favored thermodynamically. This indicates that dissolution is not probable, but Li2O would make the most stable SEI with regard to dissolution in the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan P Kamphaus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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11
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Kwon DS, Kim HJ, Shim J. Dendrite-Suppressing Polymer Materials for Safe Rechargeable Metal Battery Applications: From the Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Viewpoint of Macromolecular Design. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100279. [PMID: 34216409 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metal batteries have been emerging as next-generation battery systems by virtue of ultrahigh theoretical specific capacities and low reduction potentials of metallic anodes. However, significant concerns regarding the uncontrolled metallic dendrite growth accompanied by safety hazards and short lifespan have impeded practical applications of metal batteries. Although a great deal of effort has been pursued to highlight the thermodynamic origin of dendrite growth and a variety of experimental methodologies for dendrite suppression, the roles of polymer materials in suppressing the dendrite growth have been underestimated. This review aims to give a state-of-the-art overview of contemporary dendrite-suppressing polymer materials from the electro-chemo-mechanical viewpoint of macromolecular design, including i) homogeneous distribution of metal ion flux, ii) mechanical blocking of metal dendrites, iii) tailoring polymer structures, and iv) modulating the physical configuration of polymer membranes. Judiciously tailoring electro-chemo-mechanical properties of polymer materials provides virtually unlimited opportunities to afford safe and high-performance metal battery systems by resolving problematic dendrite issues. Transforming these rational design strategies into building dendrite-suppressing polymer materials and exploiting them towards polymer electrolytes, separators, and coating materials hold the key to realizing safe, dendrite-free, and long-lasting metal battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Sol Kwon
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 14 Gil 5 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Joong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0132, USA
| | - Jimin Shim
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 14 Gil 5 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chen XR, Zhao BC, Yan C, Zhang Q. Review on Li Deposition in Working Batteries: From Nucleation to Early Growth. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004128. [PMID: 33432664 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal is one of the most promising alternative anode materials of next-generation high-energy-density batteries demanded for advanced energy storage in the coming fourth industrial revolution. Nevertheless, disordered Li deposition easily causes short lifespan and safety concerns and thus severely hinders the practical applications of Li metal batteries. Tremendous efforts are devoted to understanding the mechanism for Li deposition, while the final deposition morphology tightly relies on the Li nucleation and early growth. Here, the recent progress in insightful and influential models proposed to understand the process of Li deposition from nucleation to early growth, including the heterogeneous model, surface diffusion model, crystallography model, space charge model, and Li-SEI model, are highlighted. Inspired by the abovementioned understanding on Li nucleation and early growth, diverse anode-design strategies, which contribute to better batteries with superior electrochemical performance and dendrite-free deposition behavior, are also summarized. This work broadens the horizon for practical Li metal batteries and also sheds light on more understanding of other important metal-based batteries involving the metal deposition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo-Chen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chong Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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13
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Ponce V, Galvez-Aranda DE, Seminario JM. Analysis of an all-solid state nanobattery using molecular dynamics simulations under an external electric field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:597-606. [PMID: 33331379 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Present Li-ion battery (LIB) technology requires strong improvements in performance, energy capacity, charging-time, and cost to expand their application to e-mobility and grid storage. Li-metal is one of the most promising materials to replace commercial anodes such as graphite because of its 10 times higher specific capacity. However, Li-metal has high reactivity with commercial liquid electrolytes; thus, new solid materials are proposed to replace liquid electrolytes when Li-metal anodes are used. We present a theoretical analysis of the charging process in a full nanobattery, containing a LiCoO2 cathode, a Li7P2S8I solid-state electrolyte (SSE), a Li-metal anode as well as Al and Cu collectors for the cathode and anode, respectively. In addition, we added a Li3P/Li2S film as a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer between the Li-anode and SSE. Thus, we focus this study on the SEI and SSE. We simulated the charging of the nanobattery with an external voltage by applying an electric field. We estimated temperature profiles within the nanobattery and analyzed Li-ion transport through the SSE and SEI. We observed a slight temperature rise at the SEI due to reactions forming PS3- and P2S74- fragments at the interfaces; however, this temperature profile changes due to the charging current under the presence of the external electric field ε = 0.75 V Å-1. Without the external field, the calculated open-circuit voltage (OCV) was 3.86 V for the battery, which is within the range of values of commercial cobalt-based LIBs. This voltage implies a spontaneous fall of available Li-ions from the anode to the cathode (during discharge). The charge of this nanobattery requires overcoming the OCV plus an additional voltage that determines the charging current. Thus, we applied an external potential able to neutralize the OCV, plus an additional 1.6 V to induce the transport of Li+ from the cathode up to the anode. Several interesting details about Li+ transport paths through the SSE and SEI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ponce
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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14
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Sitapure N, Lee H, Ospina‐Acevedo F, Balbuena PB, Hwang S, Kwon JS. A computational approach to characterize formation of a passivation layer in lithium metal anodes. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Sitapure
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University College station Texas USA
| | - Hyeonggeon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering Inha University Incheon Republic of South Korea
| | - Francisco Ospina‐Acevedo
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University College station Texas USA
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University College station Texas USA
| | - Sungwon Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Inha University Incheon Republic of South Korea
| | - Joseph Sang‐II Kwon
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University College station Texas USA
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15
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Shi L, Hu Z, Hong Y. PVDF-supported graphene foam as a robust current collector for lithium metal anodes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20915-20920. [PMID: 35517727 PMCID: PMC9054360 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries have drawn much attention due to their ultrahigh energy density. However, the safety hazards and limited lifetime caused by severe lithium dendrite growth during cycling hinder their real application. To address this issue and improve the electrochemical performance of current lithium batteries, a current collector beyond the traditional copper foil for lithium anodes is highly needed. We proposed and prepared a PVDF-supported graphene foam (PSGF) structure as an effective current collector for lithium metal anodes. Because of its structural stability, large surface area, and lithiophilic surface chemistry, the corresponding lithium metal anode (PSGF@Li) shows an extended cycling life (∼1000 h), a decreased voltage hysteresis (∼80 mV) and an improved coulombic efficiency (∼99%). Furthermore, the practical application of the PSGF@Li anode in a full cell system was also demonstrated. A robust lithium metal anode comprising of PSGF current collector showing long cycling life.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liurong Shi
- School of Physics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China .,GAC Automotive Research & Development Center, Ltd Guangzhou 511434 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- GAC Automotive Research & Development Center, Ltd Guangzhou 511434 P. R. China
| | - Ye Hong
- GAC Automotive Research & Development Center, Ltd Guangzhou 511434 P. R. China
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16
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Yang G, Cai H, Li X, Wu M, Yin X, Zhang H, Tang H. Enhancement of the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries by SiO 2@poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) nanosphere addition into a polypropylene membrane. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5077-5087. [PMID: 35498328 PMCID: PMC9049167 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing electrostatic self-assembly and free radical polymerization, the surface of SiO2 nanospheres was coated with poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (SiO2@PAMPS) bearing strong electron withdrawing sulfonic and amide groups, enhancing the dissociation ability of the lithium salt of the liquid electrolyte and absorbing anions via hydrogen bonds. After SiO2@PAMPS nanospheres were introduced into the polypropylene (PP) membrane (SiO2@PAMPS/PP), the electrolyte affinity and electrolyte uptake of the composite separators were significantly improved. The ionic conductivity of SiO2@PAMPS/PP-18% (where 18% represents the concentration of the solution used for coating) soaked in liquid electrolyte was even 0.728 mS cm-1 at 30 °C, much higher than that of the pristine PP membrane. The LiFePO4/Li half-cell with SiO2@PAMPS/PP-18% had a discharge capacity of 148.10 mA h g-1 and retained 98.67% of the original capacity even after 120 cycles at 0.5C. Even at a rate of 1.0C, the cell capacity could be maintained above 120 mA h g-1. Therefore, a coating formula was developed that could considerably improve the cycling ability and high rate charge-discharge performance of lithium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Haopeng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China .,Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Mengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xue Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Haining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Haolin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
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17
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Kamphaus EP, Hight K, Dermott M, Balbuena PB. Model systems for screening and investigation of lithium metal electrode chemistry and dendrite formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:575-588. [PMID: 31845699 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of lithium metal as an electrode for electrochemical energy storage will provide a significant impact on practical energy storage technology. Unfortunately, the use of lithium metal is plagued with challenging chemical problems. Specifically, the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer and the nucleation and growth of lithium dendrites: both must be addressed and controlled in order to achieve a practically useable pure lithium metal electrode. Currently sophisticated experimental techniques and computationally expensive simulations are being used to probe these problems but these methods are arduous and time consuming which delays timely evaluation and insight into the rapidly changing field of advanced energy storage. Here, we report the use of DFT simulations of lithium nanoclusters to investigate and explore lithium metal chemistry with inexpensive computational methods to gain greater insight into electrochemical reductions and the nucleation and growth of dendrites. DME, LiTFSI, and LiFSI reduction energetics and structures with electrode effects from lithium metal are reported providing better physical description of the absolute reduction potential characterization. The electronic structure of the lithium nanoclusters were used to investigate the nucleation and growth of lithium dendrites from an ab initio perspective. The results demonstrate that kinetic processes have more control over non uniform growth than thermodynamic processes. Based on this information, a non ab initio model was created in Matlab that shows the initial stages of dendrite nucleation considering approximately 2000 atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan P Kamphaus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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18
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Liu DH, Bai Z, Li M, Yu A, Luo D, Liu W, Yang L, Lu J, Amine K, Chen Z. Developing high safety Li-metal anodes for future high-energy Li-metal batteries: strategies and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5407-5445. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00636b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing high-safety Li-metal anodes (LMAs) are extremely important for the application of high-energy Li-metal batteries. The recently state-of-the-art technologies, strategies and perspectives for developing LMAs are comprehensively summarized in this review.
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