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Saleh DS, Hussain HS, Al-Haidari HN, Abbas SK, Zgair AK, Ali SM. Serum Level Alteration of IL-6, IL-1 β, and IFN- γ in Groups of Healthy Adults with Oxidative DNA Damage in Najaf Governorate. ScientificWorldJournal 2024; 2024:9048536. [PMID: 39257966 PMCID: PMC11383644 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9048536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Najaf governorate was recorded as one of the most polluted Iraqi governorates with increased cancer, autoimmune, and abortion cases. Study Groups. A total of 88 adult volunteers from three test groups were divided based on their inhabitance in different geographical regions in Najaf governorate. Group 1 (G1; n, 29) inhabitants of Al-Ansar, Al-Abbaseyeh, and Al-Manathera districts, Group 2 (G2; n, 27) inhabitants of 22 different scattered districts of the governorate, Group 3 (G3; n, 32) inhabitants of Kufa city and center districts in the old Najaf city. According to previous authors' findings, all participants had uranium contamination in their urine and blood samples, and also, they had DNA damage according to the level of urinary 8-OHdG compound. The control group 4 (G4; n, 25) were adult healthy Iraqi volunteers who were residents of the Sulaimaniyah governorate, which has low-level uranium pollution. The present study aims to determine the effect of uranium pollution and DNA damage on the immune system function in terms of estimating the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-1 beta (β). Method Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Sandwich method technique) was used for estimating the serum cytokines levels in test and control groups. Results A significant elevation of cytokines levels was reported as compared with the control groups (p ≤ 0.01). The level of IL-6 was 764.64 ± 24.12 pg/ml, 768.87 ± 19.64 pg/ml, and 735.62 ± 18.47 in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. The level of IFN-γ was 264.55 ± 19.17 pg/ml, 259 ± 18.76 pg/ml, and 261.20 ± 12.99 pg/ml for G1, G2, and G3, respectively. The level of IL-1β was 99.85 ± 10.81 pg/ml, 116.8 ± 10.71 pg/ml, and 83 ± 19.24 pg/ml in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. The levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β were 86.5 ± 22.9 pg/ml, 19.4 ± 2.8 pg/ml, and 16.1 ± 3.2 pg/ml in the sera of control (G4). The results showed significant statistical elevation with the corresponding p value cut-off p ≤ 0.01 in IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β in the sera of three test groups as compared with the results of the control group. Conclusion The change in the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) levels indicates a persistent inflammatory response in the participants and may reflect immune system impairment as a consequence of exposure to long-term low-dose ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhuha S Saleh
- Department of Biology College of Science University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hayder S Hussain
- Department of Physics College of Science University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasan N Al-Haidari
- Department of Radiology King Hussien Medical Center Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samia K Abbas
- General Directorate of Education in Najaf Ministry of Education, Dahuk, Iraq
| | - Ayaid K Zgair
- Department of Biology College of Science University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Seenaa M Ali
- Laboratory Department College of Health and Medical Technology Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
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El-Banna MH, Abdelgawad MH, Eltahawy N, Algeda FR, Elsayed TM. Hematological and neurological impact studies on the exposure to naturally occurring radioactive materials. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 211:111424. [PMID: 38970986 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) contribute to everyone's natural background radiation dose. The technologically advanced activities of the gas and oil sectors produce considerable amounts of radioactive materials as industrial by-products or waste products. The goal of the current study is to estimate the danger of long-term liability to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TE-NORM) on blood indices, neurotransmitters, oxidative stress markers, and β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex of rats' brains. Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into two equal groups (n = 10): control and irradiated. Irradiated rats were exposed to a total dose of 0.016 Gy of TE-NORM as a whole-body chronic exposure over a period of two months. It should be ''The results showed no significant changes in RBC count, Hb concentration, hematocrit percentage (HCT%), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). However, there was a significant increase in the Mean Corpuscular Volume of RBCs (MCV) and a significant decrease in cell distribution width (RDW%) compared to the control. Alteration in neurotransmitters is noticeable by a significant increase in glutamic acid and significant decreases in serotonin and dopamine. Increased lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities indicating oxidative stress were accompanied by increased β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex of rats' brains. The findings of the present study showed that chronic radiation liability has some harmful effects, that may predict the risks of future health problems in occupational radiation exposure in the oil industries. Therefore, the control of exposure and application of sample dosimetry is recommended for health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H El-Banna
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Abdelgawad
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noaman Eltahawy
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma R Algeda
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Elsayed
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Salazar-Carballo PA, Catalán-Acosta A, Hernández F, López-Pérez M. Temporal assessment of Gross alpha emissions from the petroleum industry in Tenerife, Canary Islands (2001-2022). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122104. [PMID: 39121620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
A ca. 76% decrease in gross alpha activity levels, measured in surface aerosols collected in the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain), has been explained in the present study in connection with the reduction of activities, and eventual closure, of an oil refinery in the city. Gross Alpha in surface aerosols, collected at weekly intervals over a period of 22 years (2001-2022), was used for the analysis. The dynamic behaviour of the gross alpha time series was studied using statistical wavelet, multifractal analysis, empirical decomposition method, multivariate analysis, principal component, and cluster analyses approaches. This was performed to separate the impact of other sources of alpha emitting radionuclides influencing the gross alpha levels at this site. These in-depth analyses revealed a noteworthy shift in the dynamic behaviour of the gross alpha levels following the refinery's closure in 2013. This analysis also attributed fluctuations and trends in the gross alpha levels to factors such as the 2008 global economic crisis and the refinery's gradual reduction of activity leading up to its closure. The mixed-model approach, incorporating multivariate regression and autoregressive integrated moving average methods, explained approximately 84% of the variance of the gross alpha levels. Finally, this work underscored the marked reduction in alpha activity levels following the refinery's closure, alongside the decline of other pollutants (CO, SO2, NO, NO2, Benzene, Toluene and Xylene) linked to the primary industrial activity in the municipality of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Salazar-Carballo
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; Laboratorio de Física Médica y Radioactividad Ambiental, SEGAI, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Antonio Catalán-Acosta
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; Laboratorio de Física Médica y Radioactividad Ambiental, SEGAI, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández
- Grupo de Observación de la Tierra y la Atmósfera, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - María López-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Física Médica y Radioactividad Ambiental, SEGAI, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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4
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Maglas NNM, Qiang Z, Ali MM, Al-Osta A, Alwarqi MS, Najar M. Natural radioactivity level in Yemen: A systematic review of radiological studies. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 210:111343. [PMID: 38739998 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This paper aimed to conduct a systematic review of 26 published articles from 13 different regions in the Republic of Yemen related to the study of natural radioactivity (NORM) and enhanced artificial radioactivity (TENORM). The study relied on the analysis of various sample types, including air, groundwater, surface water, hot spring water, soil, sand, rocks, building materials, and oil field samples. It also analyzed the study areas, the types of detectors employed, and the study's timeframe. The analytical results raised significant concerns regarding the high levels of radioactivity observed in many of the studied regions. Moreover, some regions indicated the absence of any prior radiological study, despite apparent effects on the population and the environment, which suggest the presence of potential radionuclide concentration. Based on this study, it is strongly recommended that researchers conduct further radiological studies in regions previously studied over extended periods and in areas where no prior radiological studies have been conducted to assess potential radionuclide concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb N M Maglas
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China; Thamar University, Republic of Yemen, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Yemen; National Atomic Energy Commission-Yemen (NATEC), Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Zhao Qiang
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - MohsenM M Ali
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China; National Atomic Energy Commission-Yemen (NATEC), Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Al-Osta
- Thamar University, Republic of Yemen, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Yemen
| | - M Salah Alwarqi
- Thamar University, Republic of Yemen, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Yemen
| | - Merouane Najar
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
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MacIntosh A, Oldfield DT, Cendón DI, Langendam AD, Howell N, Howard DL, Cresswell T. Naturally occurring radioactive materials in offshore infrastructure: Understanding formation and characteristics of baryte scale during decommissioning planning. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133506. [PMID: 38237435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Contaminants, including naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) of the 238-uranium and 232-thorium decay series, have been recognized as a global research priority to inform offshore petroleum infrastructure decommissioning decisions. This study aimed to characterize pipeline scale retrieved from a decommissioned subsea well tubular pipe through high-resolution elemental mapping and isotopic analysis. This was achieved by utilizing transmission electron microscopy, Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence, photostimulated luminescence autoradiography and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. The scale was identified as baryte (BaSO4) forming a dense crystalline matrix, with heterogenous texture and elongated crystals. The changing chemical and physical microenvironment within the pipe influenced the gradual growth rate of baryte over the production life of this infrastructure. A distinct compositional banding of baryte and celestine (SrSO4) bands was observed. Radioactivity attributed by the presence of radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra) throughout the scale was strongly correlated with baryte. From the detailed scale characterization, we can infer the baryte scale gradually formed within the internals of the tubular well pipe along the duration of production (i.e., 17 years). This new knowledge and insight into the characteristics and formation of petroleum waste products will assist with decommissioning planning to mitigate potential radiological risks to marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy MacIntosh
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Locked Bag 2001, NSW, 2232, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Daniel T Oldfield
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Locked Bag 2001, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Dioni I Cendón
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Locked Bag 2001, NSW, 2232, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas Howell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Locked Bag 2001, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | | | - Tom Cresswell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Locked Bag 2001, NSW, 2232, Australia
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Njinga RL, Ogundele TL, Adebayo AS, Olatunji MA, Olufemi AP, Olowookere CJ, Aladeniyi K, Pereira A, Arogunjo MA, Tshivhase VM. Distribution dynamics and descriptive statistical analysis of radionuclides in the farmland soils near mining areas in Southwestern Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3617-3636. [PMID: 36456669 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to ionizing radiation in the environment is mainly due to naturally occurring radionuclides in the soils, building materials and rocks, but the level may vary depending on the anthropogenic activities prevalent in each location. Presently, in Nigeria, there are concerns due to environmental health implications of all sorts of mineral mining and processing spreading across the southwestern states of the country. This work determines the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclide materials (NORMs) in the farmland soil with the aim of evaluating the radiation hazards. A total of 200 composite soil samples were taken from five states in the southwest of Nigeria, close to active mining sites at the root (0.2 m) and at deep planting zones (0.5 m) for analysis by gamma-ray spectrometry using NaI(Tl) detector. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in the composite soil samples were determined to vary in the order of 40 K > 232Th > 226Ra/238U for all locations. In contrast to the other locations, Olode and Igbokoda had average radium equivalent activities (Raeq) to be 1.6 and 1.8 times, respectively, higher than the reference limit of 370 Bqkg-1. The estimated excess life cancer risk values were lower than the 0.29 × 10-3 global average value for soil by United Nations on Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Negative and low skewness values of 0.61 and 1.20 were obtained for 40 K in Itagunmodi, and also 0.47 and 0.66 for 232Th were obtained in Sagamu. The kurtosis analysis of the activity concentrations was low and negative for soil at Itagunmodi for 40 K and 226Ra/238U; Olode for 40 K and 232Th; and Igbokoda for 226Ra/238U and 232Th where mining activities are commonly practiced. The variation in the results has been attributed to different agriculture practices and artisanal mining operations in each location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L Njinga
- Department of Physics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Tunde L Ogundele
- Department of Physics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Adebiyi S Adebayo
- Department of Physics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayodele P Olufemi
- Department of Physics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | | | - Kehinde Aladeniyi
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Alcides Pereira
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Muyiwa A Arogunjo
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Victor M Tshivhase
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Internal radiation exposure from TENORM for workers conducting cleaning activities on equipment used at geothermal energy plant. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114061. [PMID: 36608494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Geothermal energy is predicted to be one of the most important renewable energy sources in the near future. In geothermal energy plants, the secondary products such as the scale containing naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and adhering to the surface of equipment produce radiation fields. The workers who maintain and clean such equipment are at a risk to be exposed by the technically enhanced NORM (TENORM). To estimate the risks of radiation exposure to the workers, we assessed internal doses resulting from the cleaning activities on 150 heat exchanging boards used at a geothermal energy plant, focusing on 222Rn, 226Ra, 210Pb, 228Ra and 228Th. The experiment was performed with the subjects of workers and office workers as control, supplying prepared foods and drinks. Using the analytical results of 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 228Th in the excretions of subjects, committed effect doses were determined. The annual internal dose for the workers with protective clothing due to the cleaning activities on removing scale, assuming the cleaning activities requires 170 h (standard monthly working time) a year, was obtained as 26 μSv/y and the total dose including 222Rn inhalation dose was calculated as 323 μSv/y. The additional dose for the cleaning workers was less than the dose limit of 20000 μSv/y for radiation workers, even less than for general population (1000 μSv/y) recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). However, the elevated inhalation dose for workers conducting cleaning activities may present a health hazard to workers if they deal with excessive materials containing TENORM, work for excessive time or are under inappropriate safety measures.
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Koppel DJ, Cresswell T, MacIntosh A, von Hellfeld R, Hastings A, Higgins S. Threshold values for the protection of marine ecosystems from NORM in subsea oil and gas infrastructure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 258:107093. [PMID: 36621180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This modelling study uses the ERICA Tool and Bateman's equation to derive sediment threshold values for radiation protection of the marine environment relevant to NORM-contaminated products (radium-contaminated scales, 210Pb films and 210Po films) found in subsea oil and gas infrastructure. Threshold values are calculated as the activity concentration of the NORM-contaminated products' head of chain radionuclide (i.e., 226Ra + 228Ra, 210Pb, or 210Po) that will increase radiation dose rates in sediments by 10 μGy/h to the most exposed organism at a given release time. The minimum threshold value (corresponding to peak radiation dose rates from the ingrowth of progeny) were for radium-contaminated scales, 0.009 Bq/g of 226Ra, 0.029 Bq/g of 228Ra (in the absence of 226Ra) or 0.14 Bq/g of 228Ra (in the presence of 226Ra), followed by 0.015 Bq/g for 210Pb films, and 1.6 Bq/g for 210Po films. These may be used as default threshold values. Added activity concentrations of the NORM-contaminated products to marine sediments below these threshold values implies a low radiological risk to organisms while exceedances imply that further investigation is necessary. Using contaminated product specific parameterisations, such as Kd values derived for Ra from a BaSO4 matrix in seawater, could greatly affect threshold values. Strong consideration should be given to deriving such data as part of specific radiological risk assessments for these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Koppel
- Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Tom Cresswell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy MacIntosh
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca von Hellfeld
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; National Decommissioning Centre, Ellon, Scotland, UK
| | - Astley Hastings
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; National Decommissioning Centre, Ellon, Scotland, UK
| | - Stuart Higgins
- Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Liu Q, Wang Y, Sun S, Tang F, Chen H, Chen S, Zhao C, Li L. A novel chitosan-biochar immobilized microorganism strategy to enhance bioremediation of crude oil in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137367. [PMID: 36427578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The chitosan-biochar composite is a clean and environmentally friendly immobilized microorganisms carrier. In this study, the chitosan-biochar composite as a carrier to immobilize a compound microbial agent contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus licheniformis, and investigated its role in the remediation of oil-contaminated soil. When using 1% (v/v) acetic acid, 3% (m/v) chitosan solution, 0.1% biochar, 4% (v/v) NaOH solution, freeze-drying 6 h, the optimal chitosan-biochar composite material could be obtained. The specific surfacearea of the material increased to 1.725 m2/g and the average pore size also increased from 130.2260 nm to 165.2980 nm after the addition of biochar through the analysis of specific surface area and pore size, which enlarged the contact area of microorganisms and crude oil with the material. SEM showed that the bacterial successfully adhered to the surface and internal of the material. Using FTIR, the results showed that the synthesis of composite carrier material was the covalent combination of -NH2 on chitosan and -COOH on biochar, forming a new chemical bond -NH-CO-. After 60 days of remediation of oil-contaminated soil, the removal rate of crude oil by chitosan-biochar composite immobilized microorganism method was 45.82%, which was 21.26% higher than that of natural remediation. Simultaneously, several oil-degrading bacteria increased at genus level, including Nocardioides (26.79%-33.09%), Bacillus (3.01%-4.10%), Dietzia (1.84%-5.56%), Pseudomonas (0-0.78%), among which Pseudomonas belongs to exogenous bacteria. The results indicated that the chitosan-biochar composite material has high application value in removing crude oil, and further provides a new strategy for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyou Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Yaru Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Fang Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Shuiquan Chen
- College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Chaocheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
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Ong JX, Lee KM, Koh SP, Wu Y, Chan SH. A study on natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in farmed fish and shellfish in Singapore. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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MacIntosh A, Koppel DJ, Johansen MP, Beresford NA, Copplestone D, Penrose B, Cresswell T. Radiological risk assessment to marine biota from exposure to NORM from a decommissioned offshore oil and gas pipeline. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 251-252:106979. [PMID: 35963215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scale residues can accumulate on the interior surfaces of subsea petroleum pipes and may incorporate naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). The persistent nature of 'NORM scale' may result in a radiological dose to the organisms living on or near intact pipelines. Following a scenario of in-situ decommissioning of a subsea pipeline, marine organisms occupying the exteriors or interiors of petroleum structures may have close contact with the scale or other NORM-associated contaminated substances and suffer subsequent radiological effects. This case study used radiological dose modelling software, including the ERICA Tool (v2.0), MicroShield® Pro and mathematical equations, to estimate the likely radiological doses and risks of effects from NORM-contaminated scale to marine biota from a decommissioned offshore oil and gas pipeline. Using activity concentrations of NORM (226Ra, 210Po, 210Pb, 228Ra, 228Th) from a subsea pipeline from Australia, environmental realistic exposure scenarios including radiological exposures from both an intact pipe (external only; accounting for radiation shielding by a cylindrical carbon steel pipe) and a decommissioned pipeline with corrosive breakthrough (resulting in both internal and external radiological exposure) were simulated to estimate doses to model marine organisms. Predicted dose rates for both the external only exposure (ranging from 26 μGy/h to 33 μGy/h) and a corroded pipeline (ranging from 300 μGy/h to 16,000 μGy/h) exceeded screening levels for radiological doses to environmental receptors. The study highlighted the importance of using scale-specific solubility data (i.e., Kd) values for individual NORM radionuclides for ERICA assessments. This study provides an approach for conducting marine organism dose assessments for NORM-contaminated subsea pipelines and highlights scientific gaps required to undertake risk assessments necessary to inform infrastructure decommissioning planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy MacIntosh
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Darren J Koppel
- Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mathew P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David Copplestone
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Penrose
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tom Cresswell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
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12
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Tsamos P, Kolias P, Lambropoulou D, Noli F. Distribution and temporal variability of uranium and toxic metal(loid)s in snow and rainwater from an oil industry and urban area in Thessaloniki-Greece. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155604. [PMID: 35525341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of uranium and nine elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in snow and rainwater samples were determined. Samples were collected in Thessaloniki-northern Greece in three sites, one in the industrial area close to an oil production power plant and two in the centre of the city. Snow samples were collected during January-February 2019 and 2021 whereas in the case of rainwater, a two-year survey has been performed during 2019 and 2020. The activity concentrations of the uranium radioisotopes were measured by alpha spectrometry whereas the metal(loid)s concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The elevated concentrations of uranium (U) and the deviation of the isotopic ratio of U-234/U-238 from the equilibrium value indicated intensive dissolution of uranium. The results were analyzed using statistical analysis (Shapiro-Wilk, Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests). The obtained data and the calculated enrichment factors (Efs) denote variation of the concentration values between industrial and urban area and different elemental distribution influenced from anthropogenic contributions, meteorological conditions and the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsamos
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavlos Kolias
- Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece
| | - Fotini Noli
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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13
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He R, Liaw S, Zhou M, Zhou XD, Luo H. Environmental evaluation of radioactivity levels and associated radiation hazards in groundwater around the WIPP site. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113849. [PMID: 35809394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater may contain radioactive substances which can be dangerous to human health. Concentrations of natural radionuclides polonium (Po), thorium (Th), uranium (U), and radium (Ra) isotopes were measured in groundwater samples collected from different locations in the vicinity of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site in Carlsbad, New Mexico. The average values of gross activity concentrations of 210Po, 228Th, 238U, 234U, 226Ra and 228 Ra isotopes were determined to be 1.62 Bq L-1 in shallow groundwater and 5.88 Bq L-1 in deep groundwater, respectively. The total radioactivity in deep groundwater was higher than that in shallow groundwater, and most of the radioactivity in the water is from 226Ra. Furthermore, the effective doses for ingestion of natural radionuclides were about 0.333 mSv y-1 for shallow groundwater and about 1.338 mSv y-1 for deep groundwater samples, which are higher than the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017) guideline level (0.1 mSv y-1) for drinking water. Ra dominated the total ingestion dose, contributing 93.06 % and 75.40 % of the total effective doses to the deep and shallow groundwater, respectively. The ingrowth and decay of natural radionuclides suggested that 228Ra/226Ra ratio can be a useful indicator of the source of radioactive contamination. The radioactivity data obtained from the investigated groundwater samples can be used to establish a baseline for radioactivity levels in groundwater around the WIPP site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong He
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Steven Liaw
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Materials Research and Innovations, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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14
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Raj P, Padiyath N, Semioshkina N, Addad Y, Foulon F, Francis D, Voigt G. Conceptualization of arid region radioecology strategies for agricultural ecosystems of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154965. [PMID: 35381239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the last decade, ambitious nuclear power programmes have begun maturing in the Arab countries, most importantly in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The region's environment and population, therefore, are prone to adverse, long-term impacts of radionuclide discharges. To calculate the associated exposure scenarios, to estimate doses and their consequences, and finally, to lay out a radiological emergency management plan, arid region radioecology is taking shape in the UAE as a major field of research. Geography, demography, food habits, weather, soil, water, flora, and fauna of the desert-marine regions are quite distinct from their temperate counterparts. This results in the need to increase the knowhows of environmental migration and bioaccumulation of radionuclides in the region's agricultural ecosystems. In this paper, we present a detailed review of the measured data from the UAE and nearby nations, generating insights for the soil radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer phenomena under local arid conditions. In the literature, the radionuclide activity concentrations (in Bq kg-1) vary over five orders of magnitude depending on nuclide type, sample type, and locality. Variabilities over six orders of magnitude are observed for transfer parameters too, and in-depth studies on the transfer mechanisms are usually scarce. We discuss the recent progresses made in root and foliar uptake studies with methods relatively new to sandy soils, like controlled potting, and soil Kd measurements. Showing the serious gaps in the data and interpretations, we provide a justification for the immediate experimentation in the understudied aspects of radioecology in the UAE and in arid lands in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Raj
- Emirates Nuclear Technology Center (ENTC), Department of Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, PO box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nemeer Padiyath
- Emirates Nuclear Technology Center (ENTC), Department of Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, PO box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Yacine Addad
- Emirates Nuclear Technology Center (ENTC), Department of Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, PO box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Francois Foulon
- Emirates Nuclear Technology Center (ENTC), Department of Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, PO box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Diana Francis
- Emirates Nuclear Technology Center (ENTC), Department of Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, PO box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gabriele Voigt
- Cognitive Radioecology, r.e.m. GbR, Liebigstr. 3, 80538 Munich, Germany
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15
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Tsamos P, Stoulos S, Noli F. Radiological status in sea-sediments and sand near an oil shale power plant in North-Western Greece. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Lopes JM, Lentini CAD, Mendonça LFF, Lima ATC, Vasconcelos RN, Silva AX, Porsani MJ. Absorbed dose rate for marine biota due to the oil spilled using ICRP reference animal and Monte Carlo simulation. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 188:110354. [PMID: 35810708 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to obtain dose conversion coefficients for marine animals due to an oil spill accident using two variables: crude oil activity concentration and organism depth. Thorium series presented a dose contribution twice that uranium series for similar conditions. Bi-214 and Tl-208 stood out for delivering a higher dose rate for uranium and thorium series, respectively. Results obtained can be used to assess the maximum exposure time for emergency oil control, removal, and mitigation in an oil spill accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Lopes
- Departamento de Física da Terra e do Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica (POSPETRO), Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-110, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A D Lentini
- Departamento de Física da Terra e do Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica (POSPETRO), Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-110, Salvador, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luís F F Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica (POSPETRO), Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-110, Salvador, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil
| | - André T C Lima
- Departamento de Física da Terra e do Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem em Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente (PPGM), Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Ademir X Silva
- Programa de Engenharia Nuclear (PEN/COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, 21941-914, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton J Porsani
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil
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17
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Shah ZH, Siddique N, Wazir Z, Batool N, Nusrat M. Radiological and elemental analysis of well cuttings from Rajian oil field, Potohar Basin, Pakistan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Ahmed RS. The concentration of radioactive materials in Iraqi soils, water and plants: A review. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Shah ZH, Siddique N, Wazir Z, Batool N, Nusrat M, Somaily HH. GAMMA SPECTROMETRY AND NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF TOOT OILFIELD WELLS OF DATTA FORMATION, UPPER INDUS BASIN, DISTRICT ATTOCK, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:86-99. [PMID: 35098312 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Present study was aimed to investigate trace elemental composition and possible elemental correlation with depth of some Pakistani wells. Exploratory oil wells of Toot oilfield from Potwar region of upper Indus basin were selected for this purpose. Samples of well cuttings and soil sections were collected with the assistance of Oil and Gas Development Company Limited. Elemental analyses were performed using instrumental neutron activation analysis. This study is the first of its kind to report detailed elemental profile of Toot oilfield, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan, via instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Source formation of Toot oilfield is characterized by Jurassic Datta formation. Around 19-26 elements were identified by INAA. Major, minor and trace elemental concentrations varied with depths along the sampling lines. Data analysis was performed by the application of principal component analysis (PCA). PCA was useful in differentiating between surface and depth samples. Elemental volumes of different wells were established through bi-plots. In extension, naturally occurring radioactive materials and technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials were also determined for the wells of Toot oilfield. Annual dose rates and activity levels were calculated in oil well formations. Measurements of annual dose rates fall within safe limits, indicating anodyne atmosphere. Contamination indices, such as enrichment factor with respect to Al, geo accumulation index (Igeo), pollution index and integrated pollution index, were also determined. Cr and Zn were found to cross the safe limits, which may be due to the local industrial and anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zawwar Hussain Shah
- Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Naila Siddique
- Chemistry Division, Directorate of Science, PINSTECH, PO Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Wazir
- Department of Physics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 40050, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Batool
- Institute of Zoology, University of Punjab, Lahore 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nusrat
- Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Hamoud H Somaily
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Koppel DJ, Kho F, Hastings A, Crouch D, MacIntosh A, Cresswell T, Higgins S. Current understanding and research needs for ecological risk assessments of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in subsea oil and gas pipelines. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 241:106774. [PMID: 34823203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of offshore oil and gas facilities are coming to the end of their life in jurisdictions worldwide and will require decommissioning. In-situ decommissioning, where the subsea components of that infrastructure are left in the marine environment following the end of its productive life, has been proposed as an option that delivers net benefits, including from: ecological benefits from the establishment of artificial reefs, economic benefits from associated fisheries, reduced costs and improved human safety outcomes for operators. However, potential negative impacts, such as the ecological risk of residual contaminants, are not well understood. Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) are a class of contaminants found in some oil and gas infrastructure (e.g. pipelines) and includes radionuclides of uranium, thorium, radium, radon, lead, and polonium. NORM are ubiquitous in oil and gas reservoirs around the world and may form contamination products including scales and sludges in subsea infrastructure due to their chemistries and the physical processes of oil and gas extraction. The risk that NORM from these sources pose to marine ecosystems is not yet understood meaning that decisions made about decommissioning may not deliver the best outcomes for environments. In this review, we consider the life of NORM-contamination products in oil and gas systems, their expected exposure pathways in the marine environment, and possible ecological impacts following release. These are accompanied by the key research priorities that need to better describe risk associated with decommissioning options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Koppel
- Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - Fenny Kho
- Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin Corrosion Center, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Dean Crouch
- Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amy MacIntosh
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tom Cresswell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart Higgins
- Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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21
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Omojola A, Ijabor B, Omojola F, Chukwueke F, Azuka P, Agama P, Okafor F. Radiological assessment of petroleum products in Aniocha South Local Government Area of Delta State, South-South Nigeria. RADIATION PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Gul Zaman H, Baloo L, Pendyala R, Singa PK, Ilyas SU, Kutty SRM. Produced Water Treatment with Conventional Adsorbents and MOF as an Alternative: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7607. [PMID: 34947202 PMCID: PMC8707545 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A large volume of produced water (PW) has been produced as a result of extensive industrialization and rising energy demands. PW comprises organic and inorganic pollutants, such as oil, heavy metals, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and radioactive materials. The increase in PW volume globally may result in irreversible environmental damage due to the pollutants' complex nature. Several conventional treatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are available for produced water treatment that can reduce the environmental damages. Studies have shown that adsorption is a useful technique for PW treatment and may be more effective than conventional techniques. However, the application of adsorption when treating PW is not well recorded. In the current review, the removal efficiencies of adsorbents in PW treatment are critically analyzed. An overview is provided on the merits and demerits of the adsorption techniques, focusing on overall water composition, regulatory discharge limits, and the hazardous effects of the pollutants. Moreover, this review highlights a potential alternative to conventional technologies, namely, porous adsorbent materials known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), demonstrating their significance and efficiency in removing contaminants. This study suggests ways to overcome the existing limitations of conventional adsorbents, which include low surface area and issues with reuse and regeneration. Moreover, it is concluded that there is a need to develop highly porous, efficient, eco-friendly, cost-effective, mechanically stable, and sustainable MOF hybrids for produced water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Gul Zaman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (H.G.Z.); (S.R.M.K.)
| | - Lavania Baloo
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (H.G.Z.); (S.R.M.K.)
| | - Rajashekhar Pendyala
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Pradeep Kumar Singa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Bidar, Bidar 585403, India;
| | - Suhaib Umer Ilyas
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (H.G.Z.); (S.R.M.K.)
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23
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Scheffer G, Hubert CRJ, Enning DR, Lahme S, Mand J, de Rezende JR. Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2266. [PMID: 34835392 PMCID: PMC8621343 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil reservoirs can represent extreme environments for microbial life due to low water availability, high salinity, high pressure and naturally occurring radionuclides. This study investigated the microbiome of saline formation water samples from a Gulf of Mexico oil reservoir. Metagenomic analysis and associated anaerobic enrichment cultures enabled investigations into metabolic potential for microbial activity and persistence in this environment given its high salinity (4.5%) and low nutrient availability. Preliminary 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed very low microbial diversity. Accordingly, deep shotgun sequencing resulted in nine metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including members of novel lineages QPJE01 (genus level) within the Halanaerobiaceae, and BM520 (family level) within the Bacteroidales. Genomes of the nine organisms included respiratory pathways such as nitrate reduction (in Arhodomonas, Flexistipes, Geotoga and Marinobacter MAGs) and thiosulfate reduction (in Arhodomonas, Flexistipes and Geotoga MAGs). Genomic evidence for adaptation to high salinity, withstanding radioactivity, and metal acquisition was also observed in different MAGs, possibly explaining their occurrence in this extreme habitat. Other metabolic features included the potential for quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and genes for forming endospores in some cases. Understanding the microbiomes of deep biosphere environments sheds light on the capabilities of uncultivated subsurface microorganisms and their potential roles in subsurface settings, including during oil recovery operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Scheffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Casey R. J. Hubert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (S.L.); (J.R.d.R.)
| | - Dennis R. Enning
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology, D-13347 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sven Lahme
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (S.L.); (J.R.d.R.)
- Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, TX 77389, USA;
| | - Jaspreet Mand
- Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, TX 77389, USA;
| | - Júlia R. de Rezende
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (S.L.); (J.R.d.R.)
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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24
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Salahel Din K, Rashed W. ASSESSMENT OF NORM LEVELS AND RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS FROM PETROLEUM EXTRACTION IN THE ONSHORE OIL FIELDS, EGYPT. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 194:223-232. [PMID: 34251025 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forty-nine different samples (crude oil, surface soil, produced water and sludge) from onshore oil fields in the Western Desert of Egypt were assessed for naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) levels using HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 25 ± 1.3, 26 ± 1.0 and 21 ± 1.5; 9.8 ± 0.50, 11 ± 0.40 and 94 ± 6.9; 130 ± 6.6, 91 ± 3.4 and 41 ± 3.0; and 180 ± 16, 70 ± 6.9 and 1300 ± 110 Bq kg-1 for crude oil, surface soil, produced water and sludge, respectively. The obtained NORM levels are much below the International Atomic Energy Agency NORM clearance levels. Radiological parameters (radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose) were calculated and compared with the international acceptable limits. The annual effective doses are below 1 and 20 mSv, the ICRP safety limits for the public and workers, respectively. Consequently, insignificant radiological hazards could present for the workers and surrounding environment from petroleum extraction activities in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Salahel Din
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Rashed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Al-Kharja 72511, Egypt
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25
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Okoro EE, Okolie AG, Sanni SE, Joel ES, Agboola O, Omeje M. Assessment of naturally occurring radiation in lithofacies of oil field in Niger Delta region and its possible health implications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110498. [PMID: 32250916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and increase in radionuclide activities of NORMs beyond permissible levels, will lead to health hazards and environmental damages if proper measures are not taken to control their occurrence as well as protect the lives of drillers and the environment. Therefore, evaluations and risk assessments of subsurface lithofacies is inevitable in order to protect people and the environment. Lack of existing Federal environmental regulations to address the presence of NORMs in oil and gas exploration activities in Nigeria, gives credence to this study. However, before these regulations can be developed, adequate research knowledge is needed to better understand the occurrence and distribution of Norms in subsurface lithofacies, as well as quantify the hazards posed by these NORMs to the people in the environment. This study then investigates the occurrence of natural radiation in lithofacies of an oil field region in Niger-Delta area using Hyper Germanium (HPGe) detector. Six (6) samples of different subsurface layers of lithofacies were collected during drilling, and analyzed. The results showed that the measured activity concentration of 238U decreased as the depth increased; the activity concentration of 232Th ranged between 11.8 ± 9.29 Bq/kg and 23.1 ± 8.43 Bq/kg, while the activity concentration of 4 K ranged from 161.8 Bq/kg to 245.4 Bq/kg. The estimated radiological risks such as absorbed dose rates, annual effective dose rates, radium equivalent index, external hazard index and internal hazard index were determined. The mean values for the estimated radiological parameters were 12.32 nGyh-1, 15.1049 Svy-1, 44.7720 Bqkg-1, 0.1209 and 0.1318 respectively. The gamma index estimated for the samples used were within the standard values recommended by Unscear, 2000. Significantly, this study reveals a distinctive decrease in 232Th activity with depth within the area under consideration. Based on the compared results, the measured radioactive concentrations and estimated radiological risks were below international reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E Okoro
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria.
| | | | - Samuel E Sanni
- Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluranti Agboola
- Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Omeje
- Physics Department, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
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