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Khalid MY, Arif ZU, Noroozi R, Hossain M, Ramakrishna S, Umer R. 3D/4D printing of cellulose nanocrystals-based biomaterials: Additives for sustainable applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126287. [PMID: 37573913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Desirable mechanical characteristics of CNCs include high stiffness, high strength, excellent flexibility, and large surface-to-volume ratio. Additionally, the mechanical properties of CNCs can be tailored through chemical modifications for high-end applications including tissue engineering, actuating, and biomedical. Modern manufacturing methods including 3D/4D printing are highly advantageous for developing sophisticated and intricate geometries. This review highlights the major developments of additive manufactured CNCs, which promote sustainable solutions across a wide range of applications. Additionally, this contribution also presents current challenges and future research directions of CNC-based composites developed through 3D/4D printing techniques for myriad engineering sectors including tissue engineering, wound healing, wearable electronics, robotics, and anti-counterfeiting applications. Overall, this review will greatly help research scientists from chemistry, materials, biomedicine, and other disciplines to comprehend the underlying principles, mechanical properties, and applications of additively manufactured CNC-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Khalid
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Zia Ullah Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, 51041, Pakistan.
| | - Reza Noroozi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mokarram Hossain
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Rehan Umer
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Zhou Y, Chen J, Liu X, Xu J. Three/Four-Dimensional Printed PLA Nano/Microstructures: Crystallization Principles and Practical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13691. [PMID: 37761994 PMCID: PMC10531236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to traditional methods, three/four-dimensional (3D/4D) printing technologies allow rapid prototyping and mass customization, which are ideal for preparing nano/microstructures of soft polymer materials. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biopolymer material widely used in additive manufacturing (AM) because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Unfortunately, owing to its intrinsically poor nucleation ability, a PLA product is usually in an amorphous state after industrial processing, leading to some undesirable properties such as a barrier property and low thermal resistance. Crystallization mediation offers a most practical way to improve the properties of PLA products. Herein, we summarize and discuss 3D/4D printing technologies in the processing of PLA nano/microstructures, focusing on crystallization principles and practical applications including bio-inspired structures, flexible electronics and biomedical engineering mainly reported in the last five years. Moreover, the challenges and prospects of 3D/4D printing technologies in the fabrication of high-performance PLA materials nano/microstructures will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianwei Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
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3
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Shokrani H, Shokrani A, Seidi F, Mashayekhi M, Kar S, Nedeljkovic D, Kuang T, Saeb MR, Mozafari M. Polysaccharide-based biomaterials in a journey from 3D to 4D printing. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10503. [PMID: 37476065 PMCID: PMC10354780 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing is a state-of-the-art technology for the fabrication of biomaterials with myriad applications in translational medicine. After stimuli-responsive properties were introduced to 3D printing (known as 4D printing), intelligent biomaterials with shape configuration time-dependent character have been developed. Polysaccharides are biodegradable polymers sensitive to several physical, chemical, and biological stimuli, suited for 3D and 4D printing. On the other hand, engineering of mechanical strength and printability of polysaccharide-based scaffolds along with their aneural, avascular, and poor metabolic characteristics need to be optimized varying printing parameters. Multiple disciplines such as biomedicine, chemistry, materials, and computer sciences should be integrated to achieve multipurpose printable biomaterials. In this work, 3D and 4D printing technologies are briefly compared, summarizing the literature on biomaterials engineering though printing techniques, and highlighting different challenges associated with 3D/4D printing, as well as the role of polysaccharides in the technological shift from 3D to 4D printing for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Shokrani
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | | | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | - Saptarshi Kar
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle EastKuwait
| | - Dragutin Nedeljkovic
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle EastKuwait
| | - Tairong Kuang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Chen X, Han S, Wu W, Wu Z, Yuan Y, Wu J, Liu C. Harnessing 4D Printing Bioscaffolds for Advanced Orthopedics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106824. [PMID: 35060321 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of programmable functional biomaterials makes 4D printing add a new dimension, time (t), based on 3D structures (x, y, z), therefore, 4D printed constructs could transform their morphology or function over time in response to environmental stimuli. Nowadays, highly efficient bone defect repair remains challenging in clinics. Combining programmable biomaterials, living cells, and bioactive factors, 4D bioprinting provides greater potential for constructing dynamic, personalized, and precise bone tissue engineering scaffolds by complex structure formation and functional maturation. Therefore, 4D bioprinting has been regarded as the next generation of bone repair technology. This review focuses on 4D printing and its advantages in orthopedics. The applications of different smart biomaterials and 4D printing strategies are briefly introduced. Furthermore, one summarizes the recent advancements of 4D printing in bone tissue engineering, uncovering the addressed and unaddressed medical requirements. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives are further discussed, which will offer more inspiration about the clinical transformation of this emerging 4D bioprinting technology in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zihan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Darmawan BA, Gong D, Park H, Jeong S, Go G, Kim S, Nguyen KT, Zheng S, Nan M, Nguyen VD, Bang D, Kim CS, Kim H, Park JO, Choi E. Magnetically controlled reversible shape-morphing microrobots with real-time X-ray imaging for stomach cancer applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4509-4518. [PMID: 35616358 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stomach cancer is a global health concern as millions of cases are reported each year. In the present study, we developed a pH-responsive microrobot with good biocompatibility, magnetic-field controlled movements, and the ability to be visualized via X-ray imaging. The microrobot consisted of composite resin and a pH-responsive layer. This microrobot was found to fold itself in high pH environments and unfold itself in low pH environments. In addition, the neodymium (NdFeB) magnetic nanoparticles present inside the composite resin provided the microrobot with an ability to be controlled by a magnetic field through an electromagnetic actuation system, and the monomeric triiodobenzoate-based particles were found to act as contrast agents for real-time X-ray imaging. The doxorubicin coating on the microrobot's surface resulted in a high cancer-cell killing effect. Finally, we demonstrated the proposed microrobot under an ex vivo environment using a pig's stomach. Thus, this approach can be a potential alternative to targeted drug carriers, especially for stomach cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Aditya Darmawan
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Dohoon Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyeongyu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Songah Jeong
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Gwangjun Go
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Seokjae Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kim Tien Nguyen
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea.
| | - Shirong Zheng
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Minghui Nan
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Van Du Nguyen
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Doyeon Bang
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Chang-Sei Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yong-bong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Kabirian F, Mela P, Heying R. 4D Printing Applications in the Development of Smart Cardiovascular Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:873453. [PMID: 35694223 PMCID: PMC9174528 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.873453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart materials are able to react to different stimuli and adapt their shape to the environment. Although the development of 3D printing technology increased the reproducibility and accuracy of scaffold fabrication, 3D printed scaffolds can still be further improved to resemble the native anatomy. 4D printing is an innovative fabrication approach combining 3D printing and smart materials, also known as stimuli-responsive materials. Especially for cardiovascular implants, 4D printing can promisingly create programmable, adaptable prostheses, which facilitates implantation and/or create the topology of the target tissue post implantation. In this review, the principles of 4D printing with a focus on the applied stimuli are explained and the underlying 3D printing technologies are presented. Then, according to the type of stimulus, recent applications of 4D printing in constructing smart cardiovascular implants and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kabirian
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Fatemeh Kabirian,
| | - Petra Mela
- Medical Materials and Implants, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Heying
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Li G, Tian Q, Wu W, Yang S, Wu Q, Zhao Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Wang K, Ren L, Zhao J, Liu Q. Bio-Inspired 4D Printing of Dynamic Spider Silks. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102069. [PMID: 35631954 PMCID: PMC9147410 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider silks exhibit excellent mechanical properties and have promising application prospects in engineering fields. Because natural spider silk fibers cannot be manufactured on a large scale, researchers have attempted to fabricate bio-inspired spider silks. However, the fabrication of bio-inspired spider silks with dynamically tunable mechanical properties and stimulation–response characteristics remains a challenge. Herein, the 4D printing of shape memory polyurethane is employed to produce dynamic bio-inspired spider silks. The bio-inspired spider silks have two types of energy-absorbing units that can be adjusted, one by means of 4D printing with predefined nodes, and the other through different stimulation methods to make the bio-inspired spider silks contract and undergo spiral deformation. The shape morphing behaviors of bio-inspired spider silks are programmed via pre-stress assemblies enabled by 4D printing. The energy-absorbing units of bio-inspired spider silks can be dynamically adjusted owing to stress release generated with the stimuli of temperature or humidity. Therefore, the mechanical properties of bio-inspired spider silks can be controlled to change dynamically. This can further help in developing applications of bio-inspired spider silks in engineering fields with dynamic changes of environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwei Li
- Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing ((AM)2) Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (G.L.); (Q.T.); (W.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (L.R.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Qi Tian
- Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing ((AM)2) Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (G.L.); (Q.T.); (W.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (L.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenzheng Wu
- Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing ((AM)2) Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (G.L.); (Q.T.); (W.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (L.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shida Yang
- Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing ((AM)2) Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (G.L.); (Q.T.); (W.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (L.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing ((AM)2) Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (G.L.); (Q.T.); (W.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (L.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing ((AM)2) Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (G.L.); (Q.T.); (W.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (L.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xueli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Kunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Luquan Ren
- Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing ((AM)2) Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (G.L.); (Q.T.); (W.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (L.R.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Ji Zhao
- Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing ((AM)2) Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (G.L.); (Q.T.); (W.W.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (L.R.); (J.Z.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Significance of 4D printing for dentistry: Materials, process, and potentials. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:388-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Kanu NJ, Lal A. Nonlinear static analysis of CNT/nanoclay particles reinforced polymer matrix composite plate using secant function based shear deformation theory. SMART SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2022.2066052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nand Jee Kanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
| | - Achchhe Lal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
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Kirillova A, Yeazel TR, Asheghali D, Petersen SR, Dort S, Gall K, Becker ML. Fabrication of Biomedical Scaffolds Using Biodegradable Polymers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11238-11304. [PMID: 33856196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Degradable polymers are used widely in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Maturing capabilities in additive manufacturing coupled with advances in orthogonal chemical functionalization methodologies have enabled a rapid evolution of defect-specific form factors and strategies for designing and creating bioactive scaffolds. However, these defect-specific scaffolds, especially when utilizing degradable polymers as the base material, present processing challenges that are distinct and unique from other classes of materials. The goal of this review is to provide a guide for the fabrication of biodegradable polymer-based scaffolds that includes the complete pathway starting from selecting materials, choosing the correct fabrication method, and considering the requirements for tissue specific applications of the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kirillova
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Taylor R Yeazel
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Darya Asheghali
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Shannon R Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sophia Dort
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ken Gall
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Ee LY, Yau Li SF. Recent advances in 3D printing of nanocellulose: structure, preparation, and application prospects. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1167-1208. [PMID: 36132876 PMCID: PMC9418582 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging cellulose nanomaterials extracted from agricultural biomasses have recently received extensive attention due to diminishing fossil resources. To further reduce the carbon footprints and wastage of valuable resources, additive manufacturing techniques of new nanocellulosic materials have been developed. Studies on the preparation and characterization of 3D-printable functional nanocellulosic materials have facilitated a deeper understanding into their desirable attributes such as high surface area, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. In this critical review, we compare and highlight the different methods of extracting nanocellulose from biorenewable resources and the strategies for transforming the obtained nanocellulose into nanocomposites with high 3D printability. Optimistic technical applications of 3D-printed nanocellulose in biomedical, electronics, and environmental fields are finally described and evaluated for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ying Ee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore Lower Kent Ridge Road, Science Drive 4, S5-02-03 Singapore 117549
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore Lower Kent Ridge Road, Science Drive 4, S5-02-03 Singapore 117549
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12
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Wang Z, Kapadia W, Li C, Lin F, Pereira RF, Granja PL, Sarmento B, Cui W. Tissue-specific engineering: 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine. J Control Release 2021; 329:237-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Bunea AI, Taboryski R. Recent Advances in Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E1048. [PMID: 33261101 PMCID: PMC7760273 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microswimmers are a rapidly developing research area attracting enormous attention because of their many potential applications with high societal value. A particularly promising target for cleverly engineered microswimmers is the field of biomedical applications, where many interesting examples have already been reported for e.g., cargo transport and drug delivery, artificial insemination, sensing, indirect manipulation of cells and other microscopic objects, imaging, and microsurgery. Pioneered only two decades ago, research studies on the use of microswimmers in biomedical applications are currently progressing at an incredibly fast pace. Given the recent nature of the research, there are currently no clinically approved microswimmer uses, and it is likely that several years will yet pass before any clinical uses can become a reality. Nevertheless, current research is laying the foundation for clinical translation, as more and more studies explore various strategies for developing biocompatible and biodegradable microswimmers fueled by in vivo-friendly means. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the reported biomedical applications of microswimmers, with focus on the most recent advances. Finally, the main considerations and challenges for clinical translation and commercialization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada-Ioana Bunea
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab), Technical University of Denmark, Ørsted Plads 347, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;
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Bainbridge CWA, Engel KE, Jin J. 3D printing and growth induced bending based on PET-RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated a method for PET-RAFT growth induced bending of a 3D printed strip using visible light, where the growth on one side of the strip causes stress and the strip bends accordingly to reach a more comfortable position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris William Anderson Bainbridge
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies
| | - Kyle Edward Engel
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies
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