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Saddik AA, Mohammed AAK, Talloj SK, Kamal El-Dean AM, Younis O. Solvatochromism of new tetraphenylethene luminogens: integration of aggregation-induced emission and conjugation-induced rigidity for emitting strongly in both solid and solution state. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6072-6084. [PMID: 38370453 PMCID: PMC10870197 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized and characterized four tetraphenylethene (TPE) analogs, investigated their photophysical properties, and conducted quantum chemical calculations. Some molecules exhibited aggregation-induced emission enhancement behavior and showed efficient emission in both solid and solution states. Solvatochromism was observed in particular derivatives, with solvent polarity influencing either a bathochromic or hypsochromic shift, indicating the occurrence of photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes. Quantum chemical calculations confirmed that variations in molecular packing and rigidity among the TPE analogs contributed to their diverse behavior. The study showcases aggregation in luminophores without significant impact on the excited state and highlights how minor alterations in terminal substituents can lead to unconventional behavior. These findings have implications for the development of luminescent materials. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds exhibited biocompatibility, suggesting their potential for cell imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelreheem A Saddik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A K Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Satish K Talloj
- Intonation Research Laboratories Nacharam Hyderabad Telangana 500076 India
| | - Adel M Kamal El-Dean
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Osama Younis
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University El-Kharga 72511 Egypt
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2
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Varghese EV, Yao CY, Chen CH. Investigation of Mechanochromic Luminescence of Pyrene-based Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens: Correlation between Molecular Packing and Luminescence Behavior. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300910. [PMID: 37932879 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the correlation between molecular structure and optical properties such as aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) emission, two new pyrene-based derivatives with substitutions at the 4- and 5-positions (1HH) and at the 4-, 5-, 9-, and 10-positions (2HH) were designed and synthesized. Cyano groups were introduced at the periphery of the synthesized compounds (1HCN, 1OCN, 1BCN, 2HCN, 2OCN, and 2BCN) to investigate the influence of these groups on the emission properties of the pyrene derivatives both in solution and in the solid state. The fluorescence emission performance of these compounds in water/acetone mixtures was simultaneously studied, revealing outstanding aggregation-induced emission properties. The typical shift in emission maxima to higher values was attributed to J-aggregate formation in the aggregate state. Careful investigation of the crystal structures demonstrated abundant and intense intermolecular interactions, such as C-H…π and C-H…N hydrogen bonds, contributing to the remarkable mechanochromic luminescence performance of these compounds. The MCL properties of all the compounds were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, and the remarkable mechanochromic properties were attributed to J-aggregate phenomena in the solid state. These results provide valuable insights into the structure-property relationship of organic MCL materials, guiding the design of efficient organic MCL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldhose V Varghese
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
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3
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Nakano T, Hashimoto Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis and Self-Aggregation of Chlorophyll-a Derivatives Possessing a Hydroxymethyl Group in the C20-Substituent with Ethynylene and/or Phenylene Linkers. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:35-44. [PMID: 35599619 DOI: 10.1111/php.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll(Chl)-a derivatives containing some rigid linkers in the C20 substituents, which were inserted between a hydroxymethyl group and the chlorin π-skeleton, were synthesized and their self-aggregation abilities were investigated. Measurements of electronic absorption, circular dichroism and infrared absorption spectra revealed that the zinc complex of a Chl-a derivative bearing a (p-ethynyl)benzyl alcoholic moiety at the C20-position gave its J-aggregates in an aqueous micellar solution through the hydrogen and coordination bonding. These results exhibited the potential of Chl-a derivatives bearing a hydroxyl group in the C20 substituents as the model compounds for chlorosomal light-harvesting antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.,Research Center for Negative Emissions Technologies, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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4
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Recent progresses in the mechanistic studies of aggregation-induced emission-active boron complexes and clusters. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Ma H, Han M, Guo Y, Yu T. Synthesis and luminescence properties of the phenothiazine-functionalized β-diketonate difluoroboron complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Li K, Chen Q, Xue P. Mechanochromism and crystallization-induced emission enhancement of carbazole derivatives with different terminal groups. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Four-Coordinate Monoboron Complexes with 8-Hydroxyquinolin-5-Sulfonate: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Theoretical Studies, and Luminescence Properties. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
8-Hydroxyquinolin-5-sulfonic acid (8HQSA) was combined with 3-pyridineboronic acid (3PBA) or 4-pyridineboronic acid (4PBA) to give two zwitterionic monoboron complexes in crystalline form. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and IR, 1H NMR, UV-Visible, and luminescence spectroscopy. The analyses revealed compounds with boron atoms adopting tetrahedral geometry. In the solid state, the molecular components are linked by charge-assisted (B)(O-H···−O(S) and N+-H···O(S) hydrogen bonds aside from C-H···O contacts and π···π interactions, as shown by Hirshfeld surface analyses and 2D fingerprint plots. The luminescence properties were characterized in terms of the emission behavior in solution and the solid state, showing emission in the bluish-green region in solution and large positive solvatofluorochromism, caused by intramolecular charge transfer. According to TD-DFT calculations at the M06-2X/6-31G(d) level of theory simulating an ethanol solvent environment, the emission properties are originated from π-π * and n-π * HOMO-LUMO transitions.
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Xing J, Jia J. Reversible mechanofluorochromic properties of phenothiazine-based D-A-D′ aza-N,O-chelated boron difluoride complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Potopnyk MA, Kravets M, Luboradzki R, Volyniuk D, Sashuk V, Grazulevicius JV. Carbazole-modified thiazolo[3,2- c][1,3,5,2]oxadiazaborinines exhibiting aggregation-induced emission and mechanofluorochromism. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:406-415. [PMID: 33313635 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Two highly emissive carbazole-containing thiazole-fused oxadiazaborinines were designed and synthesized. These N,O-chelated organoboron dyes displayed large Stokes shifts and remarkable solvatofluorochromism in solutions, as well as good thermal stability and comparatively high photoluminescence quantum yields (up to 34%) in the solid state. The presence of a carbazole donor unit, linked with the oxadiazaborinine acceptor via a phenyl linker, restricted intramolecular rotation, leading to enhanced aggregation-induced emission properties of the compounds: in THF/water mixtures with a large water percentage, they demonstrated the formation of emissive nanoaggregates with an average size of 79 and 89 nm for complexes 2 and 3, respectively. The introduction of bulky tert-butyl groups attached to the carbazole moiety induced significant mechanofluorochromic properties of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo A Potopnyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland. and Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Mykola Kravets
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Luboradzki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Volodymyr Sashuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Singh VD, Dwivedi BK, Kumar Y, Pandey DS. Artificial light-harvesting systems (LHSs) based on boron-difluoride (BF 2) hydrazone complexes (BODIHYs). NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04547k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrazone based BF2–complexes (BODIHYs; B1–B2) have been synthesized and their photophysical and aggregation behavior have been established. These BODIHYs have been showed light harvesting properties in presence of RhB as acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Deepak Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
| | | | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
| | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
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11
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Cai YH, Chih HY, Lee GH, Lai CK. Aggregation-induced emissions in the mesogenic BF 2 complexes of aroylhydrazines. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PL peak intensity of 1a-BF2 (n = 12) versus fw of THF/H2O in pure THF (fw = 0) and THF/water with a specific fw. The concentration is 10 μM and PL emission was excited at 376 nm. Photos were taken under UV illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Cai
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Chung-Li 32011
- Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Yun Chih
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Chung-Li 32011
- Republic of China
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10660
- Republic of China
| | - Chung K. Lai
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Chung-Li 32011
- Republic of China
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12
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Zhang T, Han Y, Huo J, Xue P. Effect of electron-withdrawing moieties on mechanochromism of phenothiazine derivatives. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two phenothiazine derivatives with electron-withdrawing cyano and ester groups emitted longer wavelength fluorescence and exhibited different mechanochromic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yanning Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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