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Ibrahim MAA, Shehata MNI, Rady ASSM, Abuelliel HAA, Abd Elhafez HSM, Shawky AM, Oraby HF, Hasanin THA, Soliman MES, Moussa NAM. Effects of Lewis Basicity and Acidity on σ-Hole Interactions in Carbon-Bearing Complexes: A Comparative Ab Initio Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13023. [PMID: 36361812 PMCID: PMC9658749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Lewis basicity and acidity on σ-hole interactions were investigated using two sets of carbon-containing complexes. In Set I, the effect of Lewis basicity was studied by substituting the X3/X atom(s) of the NC-C6H2-X3 and NCX Lewis bases (LB) with F, Cl, Br, or I. In Set II, the W-C-F3 and F-C-X3 (where X and W = F, Cl, Br, and I) molecules were utilized as Lewis acid (LA) centers. Concerning the Lewis basicity effect, higher negative interaction energies (Eint) were observed for the F-C-F3∙∙∙NC-C6H2-X3 complexes compared with the F-C-F3∙∙∙NCX analogs. Moreover, significant Eint was recorded for Set I complexes, along with decreasing the electron-withdrawing power of the X3/X atom(s). Among Set I complexes, the highest negative Eint was ascribed to the F-C-F3∙∙∙NC-C6H2-I3 complex with a value of -1.23 kcal/mol. For Set II complexes, Eint values of F-C-X3 bearing complexes were noted within the -1.05 to -2.08 kcal/mol scope, while they ranged from -0.82 to -1.20 kcal/mol for the W-C-F3 analogs. However, Vs,max quantities exhibited higher values in the case of W-C-F3 molecules compared with F-C-X3; preferable negative Eint were ascribed to the F-C-X3 bearing complexes. These findings were delineated as a consequence of the promoted contributions of the X3 substituents. Dispersion forces (Edisp) were identified as the dominant forces for these interactions. The obtained results provide a foundation for fields such as crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry studies that focus on understanding the characteristics of carbon-bearing complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mohammed N. I. Shehata
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Al-shimaa S. M. Rady
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hassan A. A. Abuelliel
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Heba S. M. Abd Elhafez
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Farouk Oraby
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer H. A. Hasanin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Ibrahim MA, Saeed RR, Shehata MN, Mohamed EE, Soliman ME, Al-Fahemi JH, El-Mageed HA, Ahmed MN, Shawky AM, Moussa NA. Unexplored σ-hole and π-hole interactions in (X2CY)2 complexes (X = F, Cl; Y = O, S). J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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External Electric Field Effect on the Strength of σ-Hole Interactions: A Theoretical Perspective in Like⋯Like Carbon-Containing Complexes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092963. [PMID: 35566307 PMCID: PMC9104924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, σ-hole interactions within like⋯like carbon-containing complexes were investigated, in both the absence and presence of the external electric field (EEF). The effects of the directionality and strength of the utilized EEF were thoroughly unveiled in the (F-C-F3)2, (F-C-H3)2, and (H-C-F3)2 complexes. In the absence of the EEF, favorable interaction energies, with negative values, are denoted for the (F-C-F3)2 and (H-C-F3)2 complexes, whereas the (F-C-H3)2 complex exhibits unfavorable interactions. Remarkably, the strength of the applied EEF exhibits a prominent role in turning the repulsive forces within the latter complex into attractive ones. The symmetrical nature of the considered like⋯like carbon-containing complexes eradicated the effect of directionality of the EEF. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and the noncovalent interaction (NCI) index, ensured the occurrence of the attractive forces, and also outlined the substantial contributions of the three coplanar atoms to the total strength of the studied complexes. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) results show the dispersion-driven nature of the interactions.
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Ibrahim MAA, Moussa NAM, Saad SMA, Ahmed MN, Shawky AM, Soliman MES, Mekhemer GAH, Rady ASSM. σ-Hole and LP-Hole Interactions of Pnicogen···Pnicogen Homodimers under the External Electric Field Effect: A Quantum Mechanical Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11264-11275. [PMID: 35415328 PMCID: PMC8992284 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
σ-Hole and lone-pair (lp)-hole interactions within σ-hole···σ-hole, σ-hole···lp-hole, and lp-hole···lp-hole configurations were comparatively investigated on the pnicogen···pnicogen homodimers (PCl3)2, for the first time, under field-free conditions and the influence of the external electric field (EEF). The electrostatic potential calculations emphasized the impressive versatility of the examined PCl3 monomers to participate in σ-hole and lp-hole pnicogen interactions. Crucially, the sizes of σ-hole and lp-hole were enlarged under the influence of the positively directed EEF and decreased in the case of reverse direction. Interestingly, the energetic quantities unveiled more favorability of the σ-hole···lp-hole configuration of the pnicogen···pnicogen homodimers, with significant negative interaction energies, than σ-hole···σ-hole and lp-hole···lp-hole configurations. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules and noncovalent interaction index analyses were adopted to elucidate the nature and origin of the considered interactions, ensuring their closed shell nature and the occurrence of attractive forces within the studied homodimers. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory-based energy decomposition analysis alluded to the dispersion force as the main physical component beyond the occurrence of the examined interactions. The obtained findings would be considered as a fundamental underpinning for forthcoming studies pertinent to chemistry, materials science, and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Sherif M. A. Saad
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu
and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science
and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular
Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Gamal A. H. Mekhemer
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Al-shimaa S. M. Rady
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Ibrahim MAA, Saeed RRA, Shehata MNI, Ahmed MN, Shawky AM, Khowdiary MM, Elkaeed EB, Soliman MES, Moussa NAM. Type I-IV Halogen⋯Halogen Interactions: A Comparative Theoretical Study in Halobenzene⋯Halobenzene Homodimers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063114. [PMID: 35328534 PMCID: PMC8953242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, unexplored type IV halogen⋯halogen interaction was thoroughly elucidated, for the first time, and compared to the well-established types I−III interactions by means of the second-order Møller−Plesset (MP2) method. For this aim, the halobenzene⋯halobenzene homodimers (where halogen = Cl, Br, and I) were designed into four different types, parodying the considered interactions. From the energetic perspective, the preference of scouted homodimers was ascribed to type II interactions (i.e., highest binding energy), whereas the lowest binding energies were discerned in type III interactions. Generally, binding energies of the studied interactions were observed to decline with the decrease in the σ-hole size in the order, C6H5I⋯IC6H5 > C6H5Br⋯BrC6H5 > C6H5Cl⋯ClC6H5 homodimers and the reverse was noticed in the case of type IV interactions. Such peculiar observations were relevant to the ample contributions of negative-belt⋯negative-belt interactions within the C6H5Cl⋯ClC6H5 homodimer. Further, type IV torsional trans → cis interconversion of C6H5X⋯XC6H5 homodimers was investigated to quantify the π⋯π contributions into the total binding energies. Evidently, the energetic features illustrated the amelioration of the considered homodimers (i.e., more negative binding energy) along the prolonged scope of torsional trans → cis interconversion. In turn, these findings outlined the efficiency of the cis configuration over the trans analog. Generally, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory-based energy decomposition analysis (SAPT-EDA) demonstrated the predominance of all the scouted homodimers by the dispersion forces. The obtained results would be beneficial for the omnipresent studies relevant to the applications of halogen bonds in the fields of materials science and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (R.R.A.S.); (M.N.I.S.); (N.A.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.I.); (M.E.S.S.)
| | - Rehab R. A. Saeed
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (R.R.A.S.); (M.N.I.S.); (N.A.M.M.)
| | - Mohammed N. I. Shehata
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (R.R.A.S.); (M.N.I.S.); (N.A.M.M.)
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Manal M. Khowdiary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Lith Branch, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.I.); (M.E.S.S.)
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (R.R.A.S.); (M.N.I.S.); (N.A.M.M.)
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Ibrahim MAA, Shehata MNI, Soliman MES, Moustafa MF, El-Mageed HRA, Moussa NAM. Unusual chalcogen⋯chalcogen interactions in like⋯like and unlike YCY⋯YCY complexes (Y = O, S, and Se). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3386-3399. [PMID: 35072679 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogen⋯chalcogen interactions were investigated within four types of like⋯like and unlike YCY⋯YCY complexes (where Y = O, S, or Se). A plethora of quantum mechanical calculations, including molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), surface electrostatic potential extrema, point-of-charge (PoC), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), noncovalent interaction (NCI), and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory-based energy decomposition analysis (SAPT-EDA) calculations, were executed. The energetic findings revealed a preferential tendency of the studied chalcogen-bearing molecules to engage in type I, II, III, or IV chalcogen⋯chalcogen interactions. Notably, the selenium-bearing molecules exhibited the most potent ability to favorably participate in all the explored chalcogen⋯chalcogen interactions. Among like⋯like complexes, type IV interactions showed the most favorable negative binding energies, whereas type III interactions exhibited the weakest binding energies. Unexpectedly, oxygen-containing complexes within type IV interactions showed an alien pattern of binding energies that decreased along with an increase in the chalcogen atomic size level. QTAIM analysis provided a solo BCP, via chalcogen⋯chalcogen interactions, with no clues as to any secondary ones. SAPT-EDA outlined the domination of the explored interactions by the dispersion forces and indicated the pivotal shares of the electrostatic forces, except type III σ-hole⋯σ-hole and di-σ-hole interactions. These observations demonstrate in better detail all the types of chalcogen⋯chalcogen interactions, providing persuasive reasons for their more intensive use in versatile fields related to materials science and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed N I Shehata
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud F Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - H R Abd El-Mageed
- Micro-Analysis, Environmental Research and Community Affairs Center (MAESC), Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Nayra A M Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
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8
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Ibrahim MAA, Mohamed YAM, Abd Elhafez HSM, Shehata MNI, Soliman MES, Ahmed MN, Abd El-Mageed HR, Moussa NAM. R •-hole interactions of group IV-VII radical-containing molecules: A comparative study. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 111:108097. [PMID: 34890896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the potentiality of the sp2-hybridized group IV-VII radical (R•)-containing molecules to participate in R•-hole interactions was comparatively assessed using •SiF3,•POF2, •SO2F, and •ClO3 models in the trigonal pyramidal geometry. In that spirit, a plethora of quantum mechanical calculations was performed at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. According to the results, all the investigated R•-containing molecules exhibited potent versatility to engage in R•-hole … Lewis base interactions with significant negative binding energies for the NCH-based complexes. The strength of R•-hole interactions was perceived to obey the •ClO3 … > •SO2F … > •POF2 … > •SiF3 … Lewis base order, outlining an inverse correlation between the binding energy and the atomic size of the R•-hole donor. Benchmarking of the binding energy at the CCSD/CBS(T) computational level was executed for all the explored interactions and addressed an obvious similarity between the MP2 and CCSD energetic findings. QTAIM analysis critically unveiled the closed-shell nature of the explored R•-hole interactions. SAPT-EDA proclaimed the reciprocal contributions of electrostatic and dispersion forces to the total binding energy. These observations demonstrate in better detail the nature of R•-hole interactions, leading to a convincing amelioration for versatile fields relevant to materials science and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Yasmeen A M Mohamed
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Heba S M Abd Elhafez
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed N I Shehata
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - H R Abd El-Mageed
- Micro-Analysis, Environmental Research nd Community Affairs Center (MAESC), Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Nayra A M Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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Ibrahim MAA, Mohamed YAM, Abuelliel HAA, Rady ASM, Soliman MES, Ahmed MN, Mohamed LA, Moussa NAM. σ‐Hole Interactions of Tetrahedral Group IV–VIII Lewis Acid Centers with Lewis Bases: A Comparative Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Yasmeen A. M. Mohamed
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Hassan A. A. Abuelliel
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Al‐shimaa S. M. Rady
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab School of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville, Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad 13100 Pakistan
| | - Lamiaa A. Mohamed
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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Ibrahim MAA, Kamel AAK, Soliman MES, Moustafa MF, El-Mageed HRA, Taha F, Mohamed LA, Moussa NAM. Effect of External Electric Field on Tetrel Bonding Interactions in (FTF 3···FH) Complexes (T = C, Si, Ge, and Sn). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25476-25485. [PMID: 34632205 PMCID: PMC8495869 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A quantum chemical study was accomplished on the σ-hole interactions of the barely explored group IV elements, for the first time, in the absence and presence of the positively and negatively directed external electric field (EEF). The analyses of molecular electrostatic potential addressed the occurrence of the σ-hole on all the inspected tetrel atoms, confirming their salient versatility to engage in σ-hole interactions. MP2 energetic findings disclosed the occurrence of favorable σ-hole interactions within the tetrel bonding complexes. The tetrel bonding interactions became stronger in the order of C < Si < Ge < Sn for F-T-F3···FH complexes with the largest interaction energy amounting to -19.43 kcal/mol for the optimized F-Sn-F3···FH complex under the influence of +0.020 au EEF. The interaction energy conspicuously evolved by boosting the magnitude of the positively directed EEF value and declining the negatively directed EEF one. The decomposition analysis for the interaction energies was also executed in terms of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, illuminating the dominant electrostatic contribution to all the studied complexes' interactions except carbon-based interactions controlled by dispersion forces. The outcomes that emerged from the current work reported significantly how the direction and strength of the EEF affect the tetrel-bonding interactions, leading to further improvements in the forthcoming studies of supramolecular chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Afnan A. K. Kamel
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular
Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud F. Moustafa
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - H. R. Abd El-Mageed
- Micro-Analysis,
Environmental Research and Community Affairs Center (MAESC), Faculty
of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fouad Taha
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A. Mohamed
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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π-hole interactions of group III–VI elements with π-systems and Lewis bases: a comparative study. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ibrahim MAA, Moussa NAM, Soliman MES, Moustafa MF, Al-Fahemi JH, El-Mageed HRA. On the Potentiality of X-T-X 3 Compounds (T = C, Si, and Ge, and X = F, Cl, and Br) as Tetrel- and Halogen-Bond Donors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19330-19341. [PMID: 34337270 PMCID: PMC8320108 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The versatility of the X-T-X3 compounds (where T = C, Si, and Ge, and X = F, Cl, and Br) to participate in tetrel- and halogen-bonding interactions was settled out, at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, within a series of configurations for (X-T-X3)2 homodimers. The electrostatic potential computations ensured the remarkable ability of the investigated X-T-X3 monomers to participate in σ-hole halogen and tetrel interactions. The energetic findings significantly unveil the favorability of the tetrel···tetrel directional configuration with considerable negative binding energies over tetrel···halogen, type III halogen···halogen, and type II halogen···halogen analogs. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules and noncovalent interaction analyses were accomplished to disclose the nature of the tetrel- and halogen-bonding interactions within designed configurations, giving good correlations between the total electron densities and binding energies. Further insight into the binding energy physical meanings was invoked through using symmetry-adapted perturbation theory-based energy decomposition analysis, featuring the dispersion term as the most prominent force beyond the examined interactions. The theoretical results were supported by versatile crystal structures which were characterized by the same type of interactions. Presumably, the obtained findings would be considered as a solid underpinning for future supramolecular chemistry, materials science, and crystal engineering studies, as well as a fundamental linchpin for a better understanding of the biological activities of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular
Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud F. Moustafa
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Jabir H. Al-Fahemi
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. R. Abd El-Mageed
- Micro-Analysis,
Environmental Research and Community Affairs Center (MAESC), Faculty
of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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Ibrahim MAA, Ahmed OAM, El-Taher S, Al-Fahemi JH, Moussa NAM, Moustafa H. Cospatial σ-Hole and Lone Pair Interactions of Square-Pyramidal Pentavalent Halogen Compounds with π-Systems: A Quantum Mechanical Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3319-3329. [PMID: 33553949 PMCID: PMC7860235 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the spirit of the mounting interest in noncovalent interactions, the present study was conducted to scrutinize a special type that simultaneously involved both σ-hole and lone pair (lp) interactions with aromatic π-systems. Square-pyramidal pentavalent halogen-containing molecules, including X-Cl-F4, F-Y-F4, and F-I-X4 compounds (where X = F, Cl, Br, and I and Y = Cl, Br, and I) were employed as σ-hole/lp donors. On the other hand, benzene (BZN) and hexafluorobenzene (HFB) were chosen as electron-rich and electron-deficient aromatic π-systems, respectively. The investigation relied upon a variety of quantum chemical calculations that complement each other. The results showed that (i) the binding energy of the X-Y-F4···BZN complexes increased (i.e., more negative) as the Y atom had a larger magnitude of σ-hole, contrary to the pattern of X-Y-F4···HFB complexes; (ii) the interaction energies of X-Y-F4···BZN complexes were dominated by both dispersion and electrostatic contributions, while dispersive interactions dominated X-Y-F4···HFB complexes; and (iii) the X4 atoms in F-I-X4···π-system complexes governed the interaction energy pattern: the larger the X4 atoms were, the greater the interaction energies were, for the same π-system. The results had illuminating facets in regard to the rarely addressed cases of the σ-hole/lp contradictory scene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ossama A. M. Ahmed
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo
University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Sabry El-Taher
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo
University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Jabir H. Al-Fahemi
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hussein Moustafa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo
University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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14
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Ibrahim MAA, Telb EMZ. Comparison of ±σ-hole and ±R˙-hole interactions formed by tetrel-containing complexes: a computational study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4011-4021. [PMID: 35424365 PMCID: PMC8694216 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09564h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, unconventional ±R˙-hole interactions were unveiled in tetrel-containing complexes. The nature and characteristics of ±R˙-hole interactions were explored relative to their ±σ-hole counterparts for ˙TF3⋯ and W-T-F3⋯B/R˙/A complexes (where T = C, Si, and Ge, W = H and F, B = Lewis bases, R˙ = free radicals, and A = Lewis acids). In an effort to thoroughly investigate such interactions, a plethora of quantum mechanical calculations, including molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), maximum positive electrostatic potential (V s,max), point-of-charge (PoC), interaction energy, symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT), and reduced density gradient-noncovalent interaction (RDG-NCI) calculations, were applied. The most notable findings to emerge from this study are that (i) from the electrostatic perspective, the molecular stabilization energies of ˙TF3 and W-T-F3 monomers became more negative as the Lewis basicity increased, (ii) the most stable complexes were observed for the ones containing Lewis bases, forming -σ-hole and -R˙-hole interactions, and the interaction energies systematically increased in the order H-T-F3⋯B < ˙TF3⋯B < F-T-F3⋯B, (iii) contrariwise, the +σ-hole and +R˙-hole interactions with Lewis acids are more energetically favorable in the order F-T-F3⋯A < ˙TF3⋯A < H-T-F3⋯A, and (iv) generally, the dispersion force plays a key role in stabilizing the tetrel-containing complexes, jointly with the electrostatic and induction forces for the interactions with Lewis bases and acids, respectively. Concretely, the findings presented in this paper add to our understanding of the characteristics and nature of such intriguing interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Ebtisam M Z Telb
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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15
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Ibrahim MAA, Saad SMA, Al-Fahemi JH, Mekhemer GAH, Ahmed SA, Shawky AM, Moussa NAM. External electric field effects on the σ-hole and lone-pair hole interactions of group V elements: a comparative investigation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4022-4034. [PMID: 35424345 PMCID: PMC8694126 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
σ-hole and lone-pair (lp) hole interactions of trivalent pnicogen-bearing (ZF3) compounds were comparatively scrutinized, for the first time, under field-free and external electric field (EEF) conditions. Conspicuously, the sizes of the σ-hole and lp-hole were increased by applying an EEF along the positive direction, while the sizes of both holes decreased through the reverse EEF direction. The MP2 energetic calculations of ZF3⋯FH/NCH complexes revealed that σ-holes exhibited more impressive interaction energies compared to the lp-holes. Remarkably, the strengths of σ-hole and lp-hole interactions evolved with the increment of the positive value of the considered EEF; i.e., the interaction energy increased as the utilized EEF value increased. Unexpectedly, under field-free conditions, nitrogen-bearing complexes showed superior strength for their lp-hole interactions than phosphorus-bearing complexes. However, the reverse picture was exhibited for the interaction energies of nitrogen- and phosphorus-bearing complexes interacting within lp-holes by applying the high values of a positively directed EEF. These results significantly demonstrate the crucial influence of EEF on the strength of σ-hole and lp-hole interactions, which in turn leads to an omnipresent enhancement for variable fields, including biological simulations and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Sherif M A Saad
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Jabir H Al-Fahemi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A H Mekhemer
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory for Micro-analysis, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Nayra A M Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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16
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Scheiner S. Competition between a Tetrel and Halogen Bond to a Common Lewis Acid. J Phys Chem A 2020; 125:308-316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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17
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Ibrahim MAA, Rady ASM, Al‐Fahemi JH, Telb EMZ, Ahmed SA, Shawky AM, Moussa NAM. ±
π‐Hole Interactions: A Comparative Investigation Based on Boron‐Containing Molecules. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Al‐shimaa S. M. Rady
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Jabir H. Al‐Fahemi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtisam M. Z. Telb
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut 71519 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU) Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory for Micro-analysis Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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18
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19
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Ibrahim MAA, Moussa NAM. Unconventional Type III Halogen···Halogen Interactions: A Quantum Mechanical Elucidation of σ-Hole···σ-Hole and Di-σ-Hole Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21824-21835. [PMID: 32905309 PMCID: PMC7469378 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, two unconventional type III halogen···halogen interactions, namely, σ-hole···σ-hole and di-σ-hole interactions, were reported in a series of halogenated complexes. In type III, the A-halogen···halogen angles are typically equal to 180°, and the occurrence of σ-hole on halogen atoms is mandatory. Using diverse quantum mechanical calculations, it was demonstrated that the occurrence of such interactions with binding energies varied from -0.35 to -1.30 kcal/mol. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory-based energy decomposition analysis (SAPT-EDA) revealed that type III interactions are dominated by dispersion forces, while electrostatic forces are unfavorable. Cambridge Structure Database (CSD) survey unveiled the experimental evidence for the manifestation of σ-hole···σ-hole interactions in crystal structures. This work might be deemed as a foundation for a vast number of forthcoming crystal engineering and materials science studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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20
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Ibrahim MAA, Telb EMZ. σ-Hole and Lone-Pair Hole Interactions in Chalcogen-Containing Complexes: A Comparative Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21631-21640. [PMID: 32905338 PMCID: PMC7469375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The potentiality of sp3-hybridized chalcogen-containing molecules to participate in lone-pair (lp) hole interactions was reported for the first time. lp hole interactions were characterized and compared to σ-hole ones for OF2 and SF2 molecules as a case study. Various quantum mechanical calculations, including molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), maximum positive electrostatic potential (V s,max), point of charge (PoC), symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT), quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM), and reduced density gradient-noncovalent interaction (RDG-NCI) calculations, were carried out. The more significant findings to emerge from this study are the following: (i) the V s,max calculation was proved to be an unreliable method to determine the precise σ-hole and lp hole locations. (ii) The maximum positive electrostatic potential of the σ hole and lp hole was found to be at the F-Chal···PoC angle (θ) of 180° and at the centroid of XYlp plane, respectively. (iii) Lewis basicity has a significant effect on the strength of σ-hole and lp hole interactions. (iv) The studied molecules more favorably interact with Lewis bases via the σ hole compared to the lp hole, and (v) stabilization of the σ-hole and lp hole interactions stems from the electrostatic and dispersion forces, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory,
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ebtisam M. Z. Telb
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory,
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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21
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Grabarz A, Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Scheiner S. Noncovalent Bonds between Tetrel Atoms. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1934-1944. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grabarz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Logan Utah 84322-0300 United States
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22
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Scheiner S. The ditetrel bond: noncovalent bond between neutral tetrel atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16606-16614. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a tetrel atom to serve in the capacity of electron donor in a σ-hole noncovalent bond is tested by quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University Logan
- Logan
- USA
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