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Daou B, Silvestri A, Lasa H, Mancino D, Prato M, Alegret N. Organic Functional Group on Carbon Nanotube Modulates the Maturation of SH-SY5Y Neuronal Models. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300173. [PMID: 37392465 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have proven to be excellent substrates for neuronal cultures, showing high affinity and greatly boosting their synaptic functionality. Therefore, growing cells on CNT offers an opportunity to perform a large variety of neuropathology studies in vitro. To date, the interactions between neurons and chemical functional groups have not been studied extensively. To this end, multiwalled CNT (f-CNT) is functionalized with various functional groups, including sulfonic (-SO3 H), nitro (-NO2 ), amino (-NH2 ), and oxidized moieties. f-CNTs are spray-coated onto untreated glass substrates and are used as substrates for the incubation of neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). After 7 d, its effect is evaluated in terms of cell attachment, survival, growth, and spontaneous differentiation. Cell viability assays show quite increased proliferation on various f-CNT substrates (CNTs-NO2 > ox-CNTs ≈ CNTs-SO3 H > CNTs ≈ CNTs-NH2 ). Additionally, SH-SY5Y cells show selectively better differentiation and maturation with -SO3 H substrates, where an increased expression of β-III tubulin is seen. In all cases, intricate cell-CNT networks are observed and the morphology of the cells adopts longer and thinner cellular processes, suggesting that the type of functionalization may have an effect of the length and thickness. Finally, a possible correlation is determined between conductivity of f-CNTs and cell-processes lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Daou
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia/San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Haizpea Lasa
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia/San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Donato Mancino
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Nuria Alegret
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
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Stando G, Han S, Kumanek B, Łukowiec D, Janas D. Tuning wettability and electrical conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the modified Hummers method. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4358. [PMID: 35288607 PMCID: PMC8921219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial oxidation of nanocarbon materials is one of the most straightforward methods to improve their compatibility with other materials, which widens its application potential. This work studied how the microstructure and properties of high crystallinity single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be tailored by applying the modified Hummers method. The influence of temperature (0, 18, 40 °C), reaction time (0 min to 7 h), and the amount of KMnO4 oxidant was monitored. The results showed that depending on the oxidation conditions, the electronic characteristics of the material could be adjusted. After optimizing the parameters, the SWCNTs were much more conductive (1369 ± 84 S/cm with respect to 283 ± 32 S/cm for the untreated material). At the same time, the films made from them exhibited hydrophilic character of the surface (water contact angle changed from 71° to 27°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Stando
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Sujie Han
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Bogumiła Kumanek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Laboratory of Material Engineering and Environment, KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Łukowiec
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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Development of MoS2/O-MWCNTs/PES blended membrane for efficient removal of dyes, antibiotic, and protein. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Geißler D, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Scholtz L, Tavernaro I, Resch-Genger U. Analyzing the surface of functional nanomaterials-how to quantify the total and derivatizable number of functional groups and ligands. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:321. [PMID: 34482449 PMCID: PMC8418596 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Functional nanomaterials (NM) of different size, shape, chemical composition, and surface chemistry are of increasing relevance for many key technologies of the twenty-first century. This includes polymer and silica or silica-coated nanoparticles (NP) with covalently bound surface groups, semiconductor quantum dots (QD), metal and metal oxide NP, and lanthanide-based NP with coordinatively or electrostatically bound ligands, as well as surface-coated nanostructures like micellar encapsulated NP. The surface chemistry can significantly affect the physicochemical properties of NM, their charge, their processability and performance, as well as their impact on human health and the environment. Thus, analytical methods for the characterization of NM surface chemistry regarding chemical identification, quantification, and accessibility of functional groups (FG) and surface ligands bearing such FG are of increasing importance for quality control of NM synthesis up to nanosafety. Here, we provide an overview of analytical methods for FG analysis and quantification with special emphasis on bioanalytically relevant FG broadly utilized for the covalent attachment of biomolecules like proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides and address method- and material-related challenges and limitations. Analytical techniques reviewed include electrochemical titration methods, optical assays, nuclear magnetic resonance and vibrational spectroscopy, as well as X-ray based and thermal analysis methods, covering the last 5-10 years. Criteria for method classification and evaluation include the need for a signal-generating label, provision of either the total or derivatizable number of FG, need for expensive instrumentation, and suitability for process and production control during NM synthesis and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Geißler
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Scholtz
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Tavernaro
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Holdbrook DA, Marzinek JK, Boncel S, Boags A, Tan YS, Huber RG, Verma CS, Bond PJ. The nanotube express: Delivering a stapled peptide to the cell surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:670-679. [PMID: 34280765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent a novel platform for cellular delivery of therapeutic peptides. Chemically-functionalized CNTs may enhance peptide uptake by improving their membrane targeting properties. EXPERIMENTS Using coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate membrane interactions of a peptide conjugated to pristine and chemically-modified CNTs. As proof of principle, we focus on their interactions with PM2, an amphipathic stapled peptide that inhibits the E3 ubiquitin ligase HDM2 from negatively regulating the p53 tumor suppressor. CNT interaction with both simple planar lipid bilayers as well as spherical lipid vesicles was studied, the latter as a surrogate for curved cellular membranes. FINDINGS Membrane permeation was rapid and spontaneous for both pristine and oxidized CNTs when unconjugated. This was slowed upon addition of a noncovalently attached peptide surface "sheath", which may be an effective way to slow CNT entry and avert membrane rupture. The CNT conjugates were observed to "desheath" their peptide layer at the bilayer interface upon insertion, leaving their cargo behind in the outer leaflet. This suggests that a synergy may exist to optimize CNT safety whilst enhancing the delivery efficiency of "hitchhiking" therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Holdbrook
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Str., #07-01 Matrix, 38671 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan K Marzinek
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Str., #07-01 Matrix, 38671 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Slawomir Boncel
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Alister Boags
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Str., #07-01 Matrix, 38671 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Str., #07-01 Matrix, 38671 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roland G Huber
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Str., #07-01 Matrix, 38671 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Str., #07-01 Matrix, 38671 Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Str., #07-01 Matrix, 38671 Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore, Singapore.
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Kolanowska A, Herman AP, Jędrysiak RG, Boncel S. Carbon nanotube materials for electrocardiography. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3020-3042. [PMID: 35424207 PMCID: PMC8693996 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as 1D nanomaterials of excellent physicochemical characteristics bring hope to compete and eventually conquer traditional solutions in electrocardiography - one of the most powerful and non-invasive diagnostic tools in cardiac disorders. Our review tracks (from 2008) the development of CNTs as critical components in the systems where CNTs serve mainly as electroconductive fillers hence enable recording electrocardiographs (ECG). The characteristics of the CNT-based ECG systems - mainly to-skin electrodes and in a few cases wiring - covers their electrical and mechanical performance (adhesivity, flexibility, elasticity) and qualitative biocompatibility. By comprehensive analysis of the state-of-art in this field, we intend to indicate the most important challenges for the CNT (and other) materials to be applied in scale-up solution for electrocardiography in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolanowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
| | - Artur P Herman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rafał G Jędrysiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
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Tomczyk MM, Boncel S, Herman A, Krawczyk T, Jakóbik-Kolon A, Pawlyta M, Krzywiecki M, Chrobak A, Minoshima M, Sugihara F, Kikuchi K, Kuźnik N. Oxygen Functional Groups on MWCNT Surface as Critical Factor Boosting T2 Relaxation Rate of Water Protons: Towards Improved CNT-Based Contrast Agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7433-7450. [PMID: 33116480 PMCID: PMC7547780 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s257230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Salicyl (Sal) - among other oxygen functionalities - multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their nanohybrids are investigated as promising contrast agents (CA) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or drug delivery platforms, due to their unique properties. The preliminary results and the literature reports were the motivation to endow high r2 relaxivities, excellent dispersibility in water, and biocompatibility to superparamagnetic MWCNTs nanohybrids. It was hypothesized that these goals could be achieved by, not described in the literature yet, two-stage oxygen functionalization of MWCNTs. RESULTS Two structurally different MWCNT materials differing in diameters (44 and 12 nm) and the iron content (4.7% and 0.5%) are studied toward the functionalization effect on the T2 relaxometric properties. MWCNT oxidation is typically the first step of functionalization resulting in "first generation" oxygen functional groups (OFGs) on the surface. Until now, the impact of OFGs on the relaxivity of MWCNT was not truly recognized, but this study sheds light on this issue. By follow-up functionalization of oxidized MWCNT with 4-azidosalicylic acid through [2+1] cycloaddition of the corresponding nitrene, "second generation" of oxygen functional groups is grafted onto the nanohybrid, ie, Sal functionality. CONCLUSION The introduced OFGs are responsible for an almost 30% increase in the relaxivity, which leads to remarkable r2 relaxivity of 951 mM-1s-1 (419 (mg/mL)-1s-1), the unprecedented value reported to date for this class of CAs. Also, the resulting nanohybrids express low cytotoxicity and superb diffusion after subcutaneous injection to a mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Artur Herman
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Mirosława Pawlyta
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Institute of Physics – Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Artur Chrobak
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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Deline AR, Frank BP, Smith CL, Sigmon LR, Wallace AN, Gallagher MJ, Goodwin DG, Durkin DP, Fairbrother DH. Influence of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on the Environmental Properties, Transformations, and Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11651-11697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Deline
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Casey L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Leslie R. Sigmon
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alexa N. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Miranda J. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - David G. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P. Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 572M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - D. Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Korczeniewski E, Zięba M, Zięba W, Kolanowska A, Bolibok P, Kowalczyk P, Wiertel-Pochopień A, Zawała J, Boncel S, Terzyk AP. Electrophoretic Deposition of Layer-by-Layer Unsheathed Carbon Nanotubes-A Step Towards Steerable Surface Roughness and Wettability. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E595. [PMID: 32012828 PMCID: PMC7040799 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that carbon nanotube (CNT) oxidation (usually with concentrated HNO3) is a major step before the electrophoretic deposition (EPD). However, the recent discovery of the "onion effect" proves that multiwalled carbon nanotubes are not only oxidized, but a simultaneous unsheathing process occurs. We present the first report concerning the influence of unsheathing on the properties of the thus-formed CNT surface layer. In our study we examine how the process of gradual oxidation/unsheathing of a series of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) influences the morphology of the surface formed via EPD. Taking a series of well-characterized and gradually oxidized/unsheathing Nanocyl MWCNTs and performing EPD on a carbon fiber surface, we analyzed the morphology and wettability of the CNT surfaces. Our results show that the water contact angle could be gradually changed in a wide range (125-163°) and the major property determining its value was the diameter of aggregates formed before the deposition process in the solvent. Based on the obtained results we determined the parameters having a crucial influence on the morphology of created layers. Our results shed new light on the deposition mechanism and enable the preparation of surfaces with steerable roughness and wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Korczeniewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.K.); (M.Z.); (W.Z.); (P.B.)
| | - Monika Zięba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.K.); (M.Z.); (W.Z.); (P.B.)
| | - Wojciech Zięba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.K.); (M.Z.); (W.Z.); (P.B.)
| | - Anna Kolanowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Paulina Bolibok
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.K.); (M.Z.); (W.Z.); (P.B.)
| | - Piotr Kowalczyk
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - Agata Wiertel-Pochopień
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.W.-P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jan Zawała
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.W.-P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Artur P. Terzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (E.K.); (M.Z.); (W.Z.); (P.B.)
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