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Huang Z, Li J, Nan H, Yang W, Zheng J. Iodine-Catalyzed [5 + 1] Carbonylation of 2-Alkenyl/Pyrrolylanilines with CS 2 as the Carbonylating Reagent. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10434-10439. [PMID: 39041857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Novel metal-free iodine (I2)-catalyzed [5 + 1] carbonylation of 2-alkenyl/pyrrolylanilines with carbon disulfide (CS2) as the carbonylating reagent has been developed. This innovative method allows for the synthesis of valuable derivatives such as 4-aryl-2-quinolinones and pyrrolyl-fused quinoxalinones. Notably, this work represents the first instance where CS2 has been utilized as a carbonylating reagent source. The protocol demonstrates the utilization of various substrates, leading to diverse reactions that afford excellent yields under mild conditions. The method also shows good compatibility with functional groups present in the substrates, further enhancing its synthetic utility. Importantly, the developed reaction exhibits scalability, enabling gram-scale synthesis, and shows promise for the synthesis of druglike molecules. In this catalytic system, CS2 serves as the carbonyl source, while dimethyl sulfoxide plays multiple roles, including acting as an oxidant and a solvent. Mechanistic studies have been conducted to elucidate the underlying processes, with the formation of quinolone-2-thiones identified as crucial intermediates, facilitating the carbonylation annulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Haocheng Nan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Weiran Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
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Banerjee A, Pata J, Chaptal V, Boumendjel A, Falson P, Prasad R. Structure, function, and inhibition of catalytically asymmetric ABC transporters: Lessons from the PDR subfamily. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 71:100992. [PMID: 37567064 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily comprises a large group of ubiquitous transmembrane proteins that play a crucial role in transporting a diverse spectrum of substrates across cellular membranes. They participate in a wide array of physiological and pathological processes including nutrient uptake, antigen presentation, toxin elimination, and drug resistance in cancer and microbial cells. ABC transporters couple ATP binding and hydrolysis to undergo conformational changes allowing substrate translocation. Within this superfamily, a set of ABC transporters has lost the capacity to hydrolyze ATP at one of their nucleotide-binding sites (NBS), called the non-catalytic NBS, whose importance became evident with extensive biochemistry carried out on yeast pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters. Recent single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) advances have further catapulted our understanding of the architecture of these pumps. We provide here a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional aspects of catalytically asymmetric ABC pumps with an emphasis on the PDR subfamily. Furthermore, given the increasing evidence of efflux-mediated antifungal resistance in clinical settings, we also discuss potential grounds to explore PDR transporters as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Banerjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology and Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India.
| | - Jorgaq Pata
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins group, CNRS-Lyon 1 University Laboratory 5086, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Chaptal
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins group, CNRS-Lyon 1 University Laboratory 5086, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre Falson
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins group, CNRS-Lyon 1 University Laboratory 5086, IBCP, Lyon, France.
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology and Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India.
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Iazzetti A, Fabrizi G, Goggiamani A, Marrone F, Sferrazza A, Ullah K. Synthesis of Functionalized 3 H-pyrrolo-[1,2,3- de] Quinoxalines via Gold-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes. Molecules 2023; 28:5831. [PMID: 37570801 PMCID: PMC10421283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed protocol to obtain functionalized 3H-pyrrolo [1,2,3-de] quinoxalines from suitable substituted N-alkynyl indoles has been proposed. The mild reaction conditions were revealed to be compatible with different functional groups, including halogen, alkoxyl, cyano, ketone, and ester, allowing the isolation of title compounds with yields from good to high. A reaction mechanism has been proposed, and theoretical calculations have been provided to rationalize the final step of the hypothesized reaction mechanism. As quinoxaline-containing polycyclic compounds, this class of molecules may represent a valuable template in medicinal chemistry and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Iazzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ Foundation-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fabrizi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (F.M.); (K.U.)
| | - Antonella Goggiamani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (F.M.); (K.U.)
| | - Federico Marrone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (F.M.); (K.U.)
| | - Alessio Sferrazza
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (F.M.); (K.U.)
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, IRBM S.p.A., 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Karim Ullah
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (F.M.); (K.U.)
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Li Y, Jiang W, Lin J, Ma J, Xu BH, Zhou YG, Yu Z. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Triple Aryl/Alkenyl C-H Bond Activation of Aryl Enaminones to Access Naphtho[1,8- bc]pyrans. Org Lett 2022; 24:7123-7127. [PMID: 36137187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium(III)-catalyzed triple C-H bond activation of aryl enaminones was achieved to access naphtho[1,8-bc]pyrans by oxidative annulation to internal alkynes. 1-Naphthols might be formed as the only products, depending on the steric and/or electronic environment around the aroyl moiety of the aryl enaminones or the electronic impact from the alkynes. With propargyl alcohols as the masked terminal alkynes, aryl enaminones underwent rhodium(III)- or rhodium(I)-catalyzed internal alkenyl C-H bond activation to afford functionalized but-2-ene-1,4-diones. The resultant naphtho[1,8-bc]pyrans are highly fluorescent and can be further transformed by chlorination, bromination, and difluoromethylation, demonstrating potential practicability of the synthetic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Jiang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Hua Xu
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Moghimi S, Shafiei M, Foroumadi A. Drug design strategies for the treatment azole-resistant candidiasis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:879-895. [PMID: 35793245 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2098949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the availability of novel antifungals and therapeutic strategies, the rate of global mortality linked to invasive fungal diseases from fungal infection remains high. Candida albicans account for the most invasive mycosis produced by yeast. Thus, the current arsenal of medicinal chemists is focused on finding new effective agents with lower toxicity and broad-spectrum activity. In this review article, recent efforts to find effective agents against azole-resistant candidiasis, a common fungal infection, are covered. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors outlined all azole-based compounds, dual target, and new scaffolds (non-azole-based compounds) which were effective against azole-resistant candidiasis. In addition, the mechanism of action and SAR studies were also discussed, if the data were available. EXPERT OPINION The current status of fungal infections and the drawbacks of existing drugs have encouraged scientists to find novel scaffolds based on different methods like virtual screening and fragment-based drug discovery. Machine learning and in-silico methods have found their role in this field and experts are hopeful to find novel scaffolds/compounds by using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Moghimi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Daniela SV, Gabriela OM, Andrea PM. A state-of-the-art review and prospective therapeutic applications of prenyl flavonoids as chemosensitizers against antifungal multidrug resistance in Candida albicans. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4251-4281. [PMID: 35139777 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220209103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans is defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in two or more drug classes. This phenomenon has been increasingly reported since the rise in the incidence of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients at the end of the last century. After the discovery of efflux pump overexpression as a principal mechanism causing MDR in Candida strains, drug discovery targeting fungal efflux transporters has had a growing impact. Chemosensitization aims to enhance azole intracellular concentrations through combination therapy with transporter inhibitors. Consequently, the use of drug efflux inhibitors combined with the antifungal agent will sensitize the pathogen. As a result, the use of lower drug concentrations will reduce possible adverse effects on the host. Through an extensive revision of the literature, this review aims to provide an exhaustive and critical analysis of the studies carried out in the past two decades, regarding the chemosensitization strategy to cope with multidrug resistance in C. albicans. This work provides a deep analysis of the research about the inhibition of drug-efflux membrane transporters by prenylated flavonoids and the interactions of these phytocompounds with azole antifungals as an approach to chemosensitize multidrug-resistant C. albicans strains. We highlight the importance of prenylflavonoids and their particular chemical and pharmacological characteristics that make them excellent candidates with therapeutic potential as chemosensitizers. Finally, we propose the need for further research of prenyl flavonoids as inhibitors of drug-efflux mediated fungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi V Daniela
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, Edificio Ciencias II, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria. X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ortega María Gabriela
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, Edificio Ciencias II, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria. X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Peralta Mariana Andrea
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, Edificio Ciencias II, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria. X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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