1
|
Khairul WM, Hashim F, Rahamathullah R, Mohammed M, Aisyah Razali S, Ahmad Tajudin Tuan Johari S, Azizan S. Exploring ethynyl-based chalcones as green semiconductor materials for optical limiting interests. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123776. [PMID: 38134650 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of molecular electronics from non-toxic functional materials which eventually would potentially able to degrade or being breaking down into safe by-products have attracted much interests in recent years. Hence, in this study, the introduction of mixed highly functional substructures of chalcone (-CO-CH=CH-) and ethynylated (C≡C) as building blocks has shown ideal performance as solution-processed thin film candidatures. Two types of derivatives, (MM-3a) and (MM-3b) repectively, showed a substantial Stokes shifts at 75 nm and 116 nm, in which such emission exhibits an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state and fluoresce characteristics. The density functional theory (DFT) simulation shows that MM-3a and MM-3b exhibit low energy gaps of 3.70 eV and 2.81 eV, respectively. TD-DFT computations for molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) were also used to emphasise the structure-property relationship. A solution-processed thin film with a single layer of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MM-3a-MM-3b/Au exhibited electroluminescence behaviour with orange and purple emissions when supplied with direct current (DC) voltages. To promote the safer application of the derivatives formed, ethynylated chalcone materials underwent toxicity studies toward Acanthamoeba sp. to determine their suitability as non-toxic molecules prior to the determination as safer materials in optical limiting interests. From the preliminary test, no IC50 value was obtained for both compounds via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay analysis and molecular docking analysis between MM-3a and MM-3b, with profilin protein exhibited weak bond interactions and attaining huge interaction distances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan M Khairul
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimah Hashim
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biological Security and Sustainability Research Interest Group (BIOSES), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Rafizah Rahamathullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Level 1, Block S2, UniCITI Alam Campus, Sungai Chuchuh, Padang Besar, 02100 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mas Mohammed
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Razali
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biological Security and Sustainability Research Interest Group (BIOSES), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Syed Ahmad Tajudin Tuan Johari
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus. 20400 kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suha Azizan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Synthesis and photophysical properties of benzimidazoles grafted pyrazole-containing pyrene or fluorene moiety: A combined spectroscopic and computational study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
3
|
Dömling A, Neochoritis CG, Lei X, Thomaidi M, Angeli GK. Fluorene-Based Multicomponent Reactions. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1471-9080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFluorene and fluorenone are privileged structures with extensive utility in both materials science and drug discovery. Here, we describe syntheses of those moieties through isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) and the incorporation of the products in diverse and complex derivatives that can be further utilized. We performed six different IMCRs, based on the dual functionality of 9-isocyano-9H-fluorene, and we describe 23 unprecedented adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaofang Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design Group, University of Groningen
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hussein EM, Guesmi NE, Ahmed SA. Distinctive tunable photophysical properties of versatile environmentally-sensitive tribranched cyanopyridine fluorophores. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119169. [PMID: 33223436 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, twenty-four environmentally-sensitive cyanopyridine fluorophores bearing pyrene and/ or fluorene with different para-substituted-phenyl moieties that have been previously designed and synthesized by us are studied in depth for their photophysical properties. Initially, the optical performances of the compounds were investigated by employing UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic tools in various aprotic and protic solvents. All the compounds exhibited absorption bands between 310 and 452 nm, and emission bands between 454 and 633 nm. High sensitivity emission spectra with solvents of different polarities were recorded and studied. The fluorescence quantum yield (ϕf) increased in solvents of low polarity and decreased on increasing the polarity of solvents. On the other hand, in case of strong electron donating (-NMe2) and strong electron attracting (-CN) substitution, a pronounced increase in Stokes shifts (up to 252 nm, 14250 cm-1) were recorded. Lippert-Mataga and Reichardts correlations, applied for estimating the variation in dipole moments (Δμ), suggested that the emissive state of designed fluorescence 3-cyanopyridine derivatives is of strong ICT character. The aprotic and protic solvents gave a linear plot for the Stokes shifts in a Lippert-Mataga plot, which appeared as two distinct domains in ET(30) scales indicating the presence of hydrogen bondings. It was observed that for compounds 5b - 8b, with (-NMe2) group on the skeleton of phenyl ring, the Lippert-Mataga and Reichardt-Dimroth's plots deviated from linearity signifying that 5b - 8b molecules were involved in specific interaction with protic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nizar El Guesmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|