Self-assembled CeVO4/Au heterojunction nanocrystals for photothermal/photoacoustic bimodal imaging-guided phototherapy

Biomedical applications of cerium vanadate nanoparticles: a review

Cerium vanadate nanoparticles (CeVO4 NPs), which are members of the rare earth orthovanadate nanomaterial family, have generated considerable interest due to their diverse properties and prospective biomedical applications. The current study, which provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and characterization techniques for CeVO4 NPs, emphasizes the sonochemical method as an efficient and straightforward technique for producing CeVO4 NPs with tunable size and shape. This paper investigates the toxicity and biocompatibility of CeVO4 NPs, as well as their antioxidant and catalytic properties, which allow them to modify the redox state of biological systems and degrade organic pollutants. In addition, the most recent developments in the medicinal applications of CeVO4 NPs, such as cancer treatment, antibacterial activity, biosensing, and drug or gene delivery, are emphasized. In addition, the disadvantages of CeVO4 NPs, such as stability, aggregation, biodistribution, and biodegradation, are outlined, and several potential solutions are suggested. The research concludes with data and recommendations for developing and enhancing CeVO4 NPs in the biomedical industry.

Progress and Principle of Drug Nanocrystals for Tumor Targeted Delivery

Drugs are referred to as drug nanocrystals when they exist as nanoscale crystal structures. This kind of nanocarrier has been widely utilized to increase the solubility and absorption for poorly aqueous soluble drugs after oral administration, or prolong the drug circulation when intravenous administration. The systemic cytotoxicity caused by antitumor drugs usually come from the nonspecific drug distribution. To solve the disadvantage of poor targetability, drug nanocrystals for tumor targeted delivery have been developed in recent years. In this review, the targeting mechanisms of various surface modified drug nanocrystals are introduced with the focus on passive targeting, active targeting and stimuli-responsive targeting in details. Function and application of common surface modified materials are also discussed.

Vanadium-based nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

In the past few decades, various vanadium compounds have displayed potential in cancer treatment. However, fast clearness in the body and possible toxicity of vanadium compounds has hindered their further development. Vanadium-based nanomaterials not only overcome these limitations, but take advantage of the internal properties of vanadium in photics and magnetics, which enable them as a multimodal platform for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we first introduced the basic biological and pharmacological functions of vanadium compounds in treating cancer. Then, the synthesis routes of three vanadium-based nanomaterials were discussed, including vanadium oxides, 2D vanadium sulfides, carbides and nitrides: V_mX_n (X = S, C, N) and water-insoluble vanadium salts. Finally, we highlighted the applications of these vanadium-based nanomaterials as tumor therapeutic and diagnostic agents.