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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wang M, Hao J, Le S, Liu Q, Li N, Zhou H. Ruthenium ion catalytic oxidation depolymerization of lignite under ultra-low dosage of RuCl 3 catalyst and separation of the organic products with inorganic salts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4351-4360. [PMID: 36744290 PMCID: PMC9890614 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08302g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depolymerization of lignite into valuable chemicals via ruthenium ion catalytic oxidation (RICO) is a potential route for the non-energy utilization of lignite. However, the high cost of the Ru catalyst during depolymerization and the high content of inorganic salts in the product solution limit the development of this route. In this work, RICO depolymerization of lignite was conducted under an ultra-low dosage of RuCl3 catalyst to decrease the usage of the catalyst during the RICO process. Different approaches were attempted to fulfill the separation of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) products with the inorganic salts derived from the oxidant NaIO4, including butanone extraction and desalting via crystallization under different temperatures. The results show that lignite can be efficiently depolymerized under the mass ratio of RuCl3/lignite as low as 1/1000 by prolonging the reaction time without decreasing the depolymerization degree and BPCAs yields compared to the commonly used mass ratio of 1/10. Butanone can extract ca. 91% of the total BPCAs in the product solution, and the inorganic salts content (mainly NaIO3) in the extraction solution was as low as 0.19 mg mL-1. A new strategy of first acidification of depolymerization aqueous solution by HCl and then extraction by butanone is proved to be efficient for the separation of BPCAs with inorganic salts. Salting out via crystallization under lower temperature can remove ca. half content of the salts, and the efficiency is inferior to butanone extraction. The low usage of RuCl3 can efficiently decrease the catalyst cost of the RICO process, and butanone extraction can fulfill the enrichment of BPCAs and the separation of BPCAs with inorganic salts. This work is meaningful for the potential application of RCIO depolymerization of lignite for the production of valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon ResourcesHohhot 010051Inner MongoliaChina
| | - Yinling Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon ResourcesHohhot 010051Inner MongoliaChina
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon ResourcesHohhot 010051Inner MongoliaChina
| | - Jianxiu Hao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon ResourcesHohhot 010051Inner MongoliaChina
| | - Shukun Le
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon ResourcesHohhot 010051Inner MongoliaChina
| | - Quansheng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon ResourcesHohhot 010051Inner MongoliaChina
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon ResourcesHohhot 010051Inner MongoliaChina
| | - Huacong Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon ResourcesHohhot 010051Inner MongoliaChina
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Yao X, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu Q, He R, Zhou H, Cong X. Reusability Investigation of a Ruthenium Catalyst during Ruthenium Ion-Catalyzed Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignite for the Production of Valuable Organic Acids. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26613-26622. [PMID: 34661015 PMCID: PMC8515586 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A clean and efficient conversion process is essential for the utilization of low-rank coals. Lignite, a typical representative of the low-rank coal family, has huge potential for the production of valuable chemicals via the oxidative depolymerization reaction. Ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO) is an effective route for lignite depolymerization under mild conditions, but the high cost of precious Ru limits the potential large-scale application of RICO. How to recycle and reuse Ru is critical to promote the application of RICO. In this work, a novel and efficient approach for reusing Ru through recycling the solvent mixture containing Ru was established for RICO. First, the influence of different reaction parameters on the depolymerization degree of lignite and benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) yields was investigated. Second, the distribution of Ru in the organic phase (OP), aqueous phase (AP), and residual solid phase (RSP) was analyzed after the RICO reaction. Finally, based on the distribution of Ru in different phases, a novel route of recycling Ru by reusing the Ru-containing solvents was proposed. The results showed that the dosage of RuCl3 and NaIO4 had a significant influence on both the depolymerization degree of lignite and BPCA yields. The distribution of Ru had a close relationship with the depolymerization degree of lignite and the dosage of NaIO4. After the depolymerization reaction, the CCl4 phase containing Ru was reused directly as the solvent for the next run, which could fulfill the reuse of both CCl4 and Ru. The results proved that the Ru-containing CCl4 phase could maintain catalytic performance for 5 runs. This work provides an efficient route to reuse Ru for the RICO depolymerization of lignite into valuable organic acids. As far as we know, this is the first report concerning the recycling and reuse of Ru during the RICO of lignite. This work is important for the application of RICO in lignite depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Yao
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low
Rank Carbon Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low
Rank Carbon Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low
Rank Carbon Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low
Rank Carbon Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Quansheng Liu
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low
Rank Carbon Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Runxia He
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low
Rank Carbon Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huacong Zhou
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low
Rank Carbon Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xingshun Cong
- Department
of Chemistry, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China
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Hao J, Han L, Yang K, Li N, He R, Zhi K, Liu Q. A General Route of Using Lignite Depolymerized Derivatives for Catalyst Construction: Insights into the Effects of the Derivative Structures and Solvents. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14926-14937. [PMID: 34151074 PMCID: PMC8209817 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Depolymerization is an emerging and promising route for the value-added utilization of low-rank coal (LRC) resources, and how to use the complex depolymerized mixtures efficiently is of great importance for this route. In this work, we designed the rational route of using depolymerized mixtures from lignite via ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO) depolymerization directly without complex separation to construct a Zr-based hydrogenation catalyst. The prepared catalyst was applied into the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds. Meanwhile, a copper-based oxidation catalyst was also constructed via a similar route to investigate the universality of the proposed route. Special insights were given into how the depolymerized components with different structures influenced the performances of the catalysts. The effects of the solvents used during the catalyst preparation (H2O and DMF) were also studied. The results showed that the proposed route using the depolymerized mixtures from lignite via RICO to construct catalysts was feasible for both Zr-based and Cu-based catalysts. The two catalysts prepared gave high efficiency for their corresponding reaction, i.e., the Zr-based catalyst for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds and the Cu-based catalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes. Different depolymerized components contributed differently to the activity of the catalyst, and the solvents during the preparation process could also influence the activity of the catalyst. The depolymerized components and the solvents influenced the activities of the Zr-based catalyst mainly via changing the Zr contents, the microenvironment of Zr4+, and the specific areas of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Hao
- Chemical
Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of
Technology; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional
Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Limin Han
- Chemical
Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of
Technology; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional
Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Chemical
Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of
Technology; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional
Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Na Li
- Chemical
Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of
Technology; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional
Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Runxia He
- Chemical
Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of
Technology; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional
Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Keduan Zhi
- Chemical
Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of
Technology; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional
Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Quansheng Liu
- Chemical
Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of
Technology; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional
Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
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