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Prakash A, Mishra V, Mahesha MG. Development of enduring interstitial defects in Mg-doped CuO thin films. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10004-10016. [PMID: 38533101 PMCID: PMC10964202 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01414f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Doping is one of the easiest methods to enhance the properties of semiconducting thin films. This work presents a systematic study of the influence of Mg doping on the optoelectronic properties of copper oxide (CuO) thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. The pristine and doped films were prepared on glass substrates at an optimized temperature of 350 °C and a precursor solution concentration of 0.15 M while the Mg doping concentration was varied between 2 and 10 at%. The properties of the prepared films were studied in detail by using various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman and photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Hall measurement. The results suggest that oxygen interstitial (Oi) defects were enhanced upon doping which has influenced the properties of the film. The size of the crystallites reduced, and the band gap widened after doping. In addition, comprehensive density functional theory analyses have been conducted to gain a thorough understanding of the impact of impurity (i.e., doping/interstitial) atoms on the optical and electrical characteristics of CuO. This study shows that Oi defects improved the conductivity and enhanced the carrier concentration leading to an improvement in the electrical properties of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Prakash
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education 576104 India
| | - Vikash Mishra
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education 576104 India
| | - M G Mahesha
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education 576104 India
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Ungeheuer K, Marszalek KW, Mitura-Nowak M, Rydosz A. Spectroscopic ellipsometry modelling of Cr + implanted copper oxide thin films. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22116. [PMID: 38092840 PMCID: PMC10719247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present modelling of spectroscopic ellipsometry data. The measured samples are thin films of copper oxides modified with the ion implantation method. The samples were prepared using reactive magnetron sputtering. Thin films of CuO and Cu4O3 were deposited and subjected to Cr ion implantation with an energy of 15 keV and a dose of 5 × 1016 ions/cm2. The decrease in crystallinity of the thin film as a result of the implantation was inspected with X-ray diffraction measurements. The implantation of Cr+ ions was simulated using the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter software by Ziegler and Biersack. Ion beam energy of 15 keV was simulated to estimate the distribution of Cr ions in the copper oxides thin films. Optical parameters, such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, and absorption coefficient of the thin films, were investigated with spectroscopic ellipsometry. Multilayered models based on Tauc-Lorentz oscillators were developed for both oxides. Analysis of the optical properties showed that the ion implantation with Cr decreased the absorption of copper oxides thin films and the modelling proved that the material properties of top layers changed the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ungeheuer
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - K W Marszalek
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Mitura-Nowak
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, 152 Walerego Eljasza Radzikowskiego Str., 31-342, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Rydosz
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Design strategy for CuO-ZnO S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts in the presence of plasmonic Ag and insights into photoexcited carrier generation and interfacial transfer in diverse structural configurations of the heterostructure system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Izaki M, Abe S, Nakakita K, Khoo PL. Photoelctrochemically Fabricated and Heated Cu 2O/CuO Bilayers with Enhanced Photovoltaic Characteristics. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27587-27597. [PMID: 34693180 PMCID: PMC8529892 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cu2O/CuO bilayers were fabricated by electrodeposition of the CuO layer in a copper(II)-ammonia complex aqueous solution, followed by photoelectrochemical deposition of the Cu2O layer at potentials ranging from -0.3 to -1.0 V referenced to a Ag/AgCl electrode in a copper(II)-lactate complex aqueous solution under light irradiation, and the effects of varied potentials of the photoelectrochemical Cu2O depositions and post-heating conditions on their structural, optical, and photovoltaic characteristics were investigated with X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption measurements, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements with and without applied bias voltage. The Cu2O layers with a characteristic 2.1 eV band gap energy were adhesively stacked on the thorn-like grains of the CuO layers possessing a characteristic 1.5 eV band gap energy, and dense and defect-free Cu2O/CuO bilayers could be fabricated at the potentials of -0.4 and -0.5 V, but the grain size of Cu2O decreased at -0.5 V. In addition, the metallic Cu was deposited simultaneously at potentials less than -0.7 V. The Cu2O/CuO bilayer fabricated at -0.4 V revealed photovoltaic features at wavelengths ranging from 350 nm to approximately 900 nm, and a maximum EQE value of 56.8% was achieved at 510 nm in wavelength with a bias voltage of -0.1 V. The maximum EQE value, however, decreased to 1.2% accompanied with the peak wavelength shift to 580 nm, and no photovoltaic feature was observed at potentials of -0.3, -0.7, and -1.0 V. The photovoltaic performance for the Cu2O/CuO bilayer fabricated at -0.4 V was ameliorated by heating at 423 K, and the maximum EQE values were enhanced to 87.7% at 550 nm and 89.8% at 530 nm in an ambient atmosphere and vacuum. Both the Cu2O and CuO layers acted as photovoltaic layers in the Cu2O/CuO bilayer fabricated at -0.4 V and heated at 423 K, and the electrical characteristic including the carrier mobility affected the photovoltaic performance. The photovoltaic feature, however, disappeared by heating above 523 K due to the formation of nanopores inside the CuO layer and near the CuO heterointerface to the Cu2O and fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Izaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | | | - Kota Nakakita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Pei Loon Khoo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
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Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Zeng T, Wan Q, Yang N. Morphology-dependent sensing performance of CuO nanomaterials. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1171:338663. [PMID: 34112435 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of nanomaterials affects their properties and further their applications. Herein, CuO nanomaterials with different morphologies are synthesized, including CuO nanostrips, nanowires and microspheres. After their characterization by means of electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, these CuO nanomaterials are further mixed with graphene nanoplates (GNP) to explore their performance towards electrochemical detection of glucose and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Among three composites, the composite of CuO nanostrips and GNP exhibits the largest active surface area, the lowest charge transfer resistance, and the highest accumulation efficiency toward TBBPA. Meanwhile, this composite based non-enzymatic sensor shows superior performance for the glucose monitoring. Since these sensors for the monitoring of both glucose and TBBPA possesses long-term stability, high reproducibility, and wide linear ranges and low detection limits, this work provides a strategy to tune the sensing performance of nanomaterials by means of tailoring the morphologies of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor &Green Chemical Technology,Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor &Green Chemical Technology,Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor &Green Chemical Technology,Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Qijin Wan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor &Green Chemical Technology,Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
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Al-Khezraji AA, Abd Ali HR, Yousif AA, Abed HR. Effect of mixed ZnO/CuO nanoparticles on the structural, morphological, and topographical properties. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONFERENCE SERIES 2021; 1963:012053. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1963/1/012053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present work, pure and composite ZnO/CuO were effectively deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis. Structural, morphological, and topographical features have been well investigated and explained. XRD analysis showed a polycrystalline structure with hexagonal and monoclinic systems for ZnO and CuO, respectively. The crystal size that calculated from XRD patterns has decreased with the increase of CuO content, while the dislocation density and the micro strain have increased. These results lead to high defects in the structure of the nanocomposite which will be more efficient in a specific application. Moreover, the morphology of the samples was examined by FESEM and it was spherical-like shapes and has elevated points, whereas the EDX confirm the existence of the employed materials without any other undesired materials. The topography of the surface depicted a slightly rough surface which will be suitable for different nanoelectronics devices.
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Ahmmed S, Aktar A, Ismail ABM. Role of a Solution-Processed V 2O 5 Hole Extracting Layer on the Performance of CuO-ZnO-Based Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12631-12639. [PMID: 34056414 PMCID: PMC8154148 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a heterostructure of the CuO-ZnO-based solar cells has been fabricated using low-cost, earth-abundant, non-toxic metal oxides by a low-cost, low-temperature spin coating technique. The device based on CuO-ZnO without a hole transport layer (HTL) suffers from poor power conversion efficiency due to carrier recombination on the surface of CuO and bad ohmic contact between the metal electrode and the CuO absorber layer. The main focus of this research is to minimize the mentioned shortcomings by a novel idea of introducing a solution-processed vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) HTL in the heterostructure of the CuO-ZnO-based solar cells. A simple and low-cost spin coating technique has been investigated to deposit V2O5 onto the absorber layer of the solar cell. The influence of the V2O5 HTL on the performance of CuO-ZnO-based solar cells has been investigated. The photovoltaic parameters of the CuO-ZnO-based solar cells were dramatically enhanced after insertion of the V2O5 HTL. V2O5 was found to enhance the open-circuit voltage of the CuO-ZnO-based solar cells up to 231 mV. A detailed study on the effect of defect properties of the CuO absorber layer on the device performance was theoretically accomplished to provide future guidelines for the performance enhancement of the CuO-ZnO-based solar cells. The experimental results indicate that solution-processed V2O5 could be a promising HTL for the low-cost, environment-friendly CuO-ZnO-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmmed
- Solar
Energy Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North Bengal International University, Rajshahi 6100, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Aktar
- Solar
Energy Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
- Solar
Energy Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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Constantin CP, Lisa G, Damaceanu MD. Assessing the Electrical Characteristics of p–n Heterojunction Prototype Diodes Realized with n-Type Polyimide Materials. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalin-Paul Constantin
- Polycondensation and Thermostable Polymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Gabriela Lisa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University Iasi, Bd. Mangeron 71, Iasi 700050, Romania
| | - Mariana-Dana Damaceanu
- Polycondensation and Thermostable Polymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania
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Xing C, Lei Y, Liu M, Wu S, He W, Zheng Z. Environment-friendly Cu-based thin film solar cells: materials, devices and charge carrier dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16469-16487. [PMID: 34338709 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02067f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cu-based thin films are ideal absorbing layer materials for new-generation thin-film solar cells, which have many advantages, such as environment-friendly components, abundant raw materials, low cost, simple manufacturing process, strong anti-interference, radiation resistance, high light absorption coefficient and suitable band gap. Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, which have the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency (23.35%) among the various Cu-based materials, have been intensively investigated and exploited. To promote the progress of Cu-based thin-film solar cells, the rational design of efficient materials and devices and the in-depth understanding of their photophysical mechanisms are not only urgently required, but also have plenty of room for research. Accordingly, herein, we firstly define the concept of "Cu-based materials", and further present a comprehensive review on the materials (design and fabrication), devices (assembly and performances), and charge carrier dynamics of Cu-based thin-film semiconductor materials, including perovskites, oxides, chalcogenides (binary, ternary, quaternary and quinary) and perovskite-like iodides. In addition, the current challenges and prospects in this topic are critically concluded. Particularly, this review may help researchers focused on investigating thin-film solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Xing
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Wibowo A, Marsudi MA, Amal MI, Ananda MB, Stephanie R, Ardy H, Diguna LJ. ZnO nanostructured materials for emerging solar cell applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42838-42859. [PMID: 35514924 PMCID: PMC9058181 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been considered as one of the potential materials in solar cell applications, owing to its relatively high conductivity, electron mobility, stability against photo-corrosion and availability at low-cost. Different structures of ZnO materials have been engineered at the nanoscale, and then applied on the conducting substrate as a photoanode. On the other hand, the ZnO nanomaterials directly grown on the substrate have been attractive due to their unique electron pathways, which suppress the influence of surface states typically found in the former case. Herein, we review the recent progress of ZnO nanostructured materials in emerging solar cell applications, such as sensitized and heterojunction architectures, including those embedded with promising perovskite materials. The remarkable advancement in each solar cell architecture is highlighted towards achieving high power conversion efficiency and operational stability. We also discuss the foremost bottleneck for further improvements and the future outlook for large-scale practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Wibowo
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Maradhana Agung Marsudi
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Ikhlasul Amal
- Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials, The Indonesian Institute of Sciences Puspitek Serpong Banten 15314 Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Bagas Ananda
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Ruth Stephanie
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Husaini Ardy
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Lina Jaya Diguna
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama, BSD City Tangerang 15339 Indonesia
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Costas A, Florica C, Preda N, Kuncser A, Enculescu I. Photodetecting properties of single CuO-ZnO core-shell nanowires with p-n radial heterojunction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18690. [PMID: 33122742 PMCID: PMC7596234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CuO-ZnO core-shell radial heterojunction nanowire arrays were obtained by a simple route which implies two cost-effective methods: thermal oxidation in air for preparing CuO nanowire arrays, acting as a p-type core and RF magnetron sputtering for coating the surface of the CuO nanowires with a ZnO thin film, acting as a n-type shell. The morphological, structural, optical and compositional properties of the CuO-ZnO core-shell nanowire arrays were investigated. In order to analyse the electrical and photoelectrical properties of the metal oxide nanowires, single CuO and CuO-ZnO core-shell nanowires were contacted by employing electron beam lithography (EBL) and focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID). The photoelectrical properties emphasize that the p-n radial heterojunction diodes based on single CuO-ZnO core-shell nanowires behave as photodetectors, evidencing a time-depending photoresponse under illumination at 520 nm and 405 nm wavelengths. The performance of the photodetector device was evaluated by assessing its key parameters: responsivity, external quantum efficiency and detectivity. The results highlighted that the obtained CuO-ZnO core-shell nanowires are emerging as potential building blocks for a next generation of photodetector devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Costas
- Multifunctional Materials and Structures Laboratory, Functional Nanostructures Group, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Camelia Florica
- Multifunctional Materials and Structures Laboratory, Functional Nanostructures Group, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Nicoleta Preda
- Multifunctional Materials and Structures Laboratory, Functional Nanostructures Group, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Andrei Kuncser
- Multifunctional Materials and Structures Laboratory, Functional Nanostructures Group, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Ionut Enculescu
- Multifunctional Materials and Structures Laboratory, Functional Nanostructures Group, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.
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