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Carrasco J. A theoretical perspective on solid-state ionic interfaces. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230313. [PMID: 39246077 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state ionic conductors find application across various domains in materials science, particularly showcasing their significance in energy storage and conversion technologies. To effectively utilize these materials in high-performance electrochemical devices, a comprehensive understanding and precise control of charge carriers' distribution and ionic mobility at interfaces are paramount. A major challenge lies in unravelling the atomic-level processes governing ion dynamics within intricate solid and interfacial structures, such as grain boundaries and heterophases. From a theoretical viewpoint, in this Perspective article, my focus is to offer an overview of the current comprehension of key aspects related to solid-state ionic interfaces, with a particular emphasis on solid electrolytes for batteries, while providing a personal critical assessment of recent research advancements. I begin by introducing fundamental concepts for understanding solid-state conductors, such as the classical diffusion model and chemical potential. Subsequently, I delve into the modelling of space-charge regions, which are pivotal for understanding the physicochemical origins of charge redistribution at electrified interfaces. Finally, I discuss modern computational methods, such as density functional theory and machine-learned potentials, which offer invaluable tools for gaining insights into the atomic-scale behaviour of solid-state ionic interfaces, including both ionic mobility and interfacial reactivity aspects. This article is part of the theme issue 'Celebrating the 15th anniversary of the Royal Society Newton International Fellowship'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carrasco
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48 , Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5 , Bilbao 48009, Spain
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Liu J, Wang T, Yu J, Li S, Ma H, Liu X. Review of the Developments and Difficulties in Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2510. [PMID: 36984390 PMCID: PMC10055896 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs), with their exceptional attributes, have captured the attention of researchers. They offer a viable solution to the inherent flaws of traditional lithium-ion batteries. The crux of an ASSLB lies in its solid-state electrolyte (SSE) which shows higher stability and safety compared to liquid electrolyte. Additionally, it holds the promise of being compatible with Li metal anode, thereby realizing higher capacity. Inorganic SSEs have undergone tremendous developments in the last few decades; however, their practical applications still face difficulties such as the electrode-electrolyte interface, air stability, and so on. The structural composition of inorganic electrolytes is inherently linked to the advantages and difficulties they present. This article provides a comprehensive explanation of the development, structure, and Li-ion transport mechanism of representative inorganic SSEs. Moreover, corresponding difficulties such as interface issues and air stability as well as possible solutions are also discussed.
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Carvalho A, Negi S, Neto AHC. Direct calculation of the ionic mobility in superionic conductors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19930. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe describe an approach based on non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to calculate the ionic mobility of solid ion conductors such as solid electrolytes from first-principles. The calculations are carried out in finite slabs of the material, where an electric field is applied and the dynamic response of the mobile ions is measured. We compare our results with those obtained from diffusion calculations, under the non-interacting ion approximation, and with experiment. This method is shown to provide good quantitative estimates for the ionic mobilities of two silver conductors, $$\alpha$$
α
-AgI and $$\alpha$$
α
-RbAg$$_4$$
4
I$$_5$$
5
. In addition to being convenient and numerically robust, this method accounts for ion-ion correlations at a much lower computational cost than exact approaches.
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Yan S, Al-Salih H, Yim CH, Merati A, Baranova EA, Weck A, Abu-Lebdeh Y. Engineered interfaces between perovskite La 2/3xLi 3xTiO 3 electrolyte and Li metal for solid-state batteries. Front Chem 2022; 10:966274. [PMID: 36034671 PMCID: PMC9399616 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.966274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite La2/3xLi3xTiO3 (LLTO) materials are promising solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to their intrinsic fire-resistance, high bulk ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical window. However, their commercialization is hampered by high interfacial resistance, dendrite formation, and instability against Li metal. To address these challenges, we first prepared highly dense LLTO pellets with enhanced microstructure and high bulk ionic conductivity of 2.1 × 10 - 4 S cm-1 at room temperature. Then, the LLTO pellets were coated with three polymer-based interfacial layers, including pure (polyethylene oxide) (PEO), dry polymer electrolyte of PEO-LITFSI (lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide) (PL), and gel PEO-LiTFSI-SN (succinonitrile) (PLS). It is found that each layer has impacted the interface differently; the soft PLS gel layer significantly reduced the total resistance of LLTO to a low value of 84.88 Ω cm-2. Interestingly, PLS layer has shown excellent ionic conductivity but performs inferior in symmetric Li cells. On the other hand, the PL layer significantly reduces lithium nucleation overpotential and shows a stable voltage profile after 20 cycles without any sign of Li dendrite formation. This work demonstrates that LLTO electrolytes with denser microstructure could reduce the interfacial resistance and when combined with polymeric interfaces show improved chemical stability against Li metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hilal Al-Salih
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chae-Ho Yim
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Merati
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elena A. Baranova
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arnaud Weck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have become increasingly important in recent years due to their potential to offer higher energy density and enhanced safety compared to conventional liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, they require highly functional solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) and, therefore, many inorganic materials such as oxides of perovskite La2/3−xLi3xTiO3 (LLTO) and garnets La3Li7Zr2O12 (LLZO), sulfides Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS), and phosphates Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3x (LATP) are under investigation. Among these oxide materials, LLTO exhibits superior safety, wider electrochemical window (8 V vs. Li/Li+), and higher bulk conductivity values reaching in excess of 10−3 S cm−1 at ambient temperature, which is close to organic liquid-state electrolytes presently used in LIBs. However, recent studies focus primarily on composite or hybrid electrolytes that mix LLTO with organic polymeric materials. There are scarce studies of pure (100%) LLTO electrolytes in solid-state LMBs and there is a need to shed more light on this type of electrolyte and its potential for LMBs. Therefore, in our review, we first elaborated on the structure/property relationship between compositions of perovskites and their ionic conductivities. We then summarized current issues and some successful attempts for the fabrication of pure LLTO electrolytes. Their electrochemical and battery performances were also presented. We focused on tape casting as an effective method to prepare pure LLTO thin films that are compatible and can be easily integrated into existing roll-to-roll battery manufacturing processes. This review intends to shed some light on the design and manufacturing of LLTO for all-ceramic electrolytes towards safer and higher power density solid-state LMBs.
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Zhang X, Ponce V, Galvez-Aranda DE, Zhou G, Zhou H, Seminario JM. CS 2 Removal from C 5 Distillates by Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiance Zhang
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Victor Ponce
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Diego E. Galvez-Aranda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Guanglin Zhou
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jorge M. Seminario
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Chen H, Wen Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhao P, Ming H, Cao G, Qiu J. Direct surface coating of high voltage LiCoO 2 cathode with P(VDF-HFP) based gel polymer electrolyte. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24533-24541. [PMID: 35516224 PMCID: PMC9055184 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For high-voltage cycling of lithium-ion batteries, a gel polymer Li-ion conductor layer, P(VDF-HFP)/LiTFSI (PHL) with high electrochemical stability has been coated on the surfaces of as-formed LiCoO2 (LCO) cathodes by a solution-casting technique at low temperature. An LCO cathode coated with around 3 μm thickness of the PHL ultrathin membrane, retains 88.4% of its original capacity (184.3 mA h g−1) after 200 cycles in the 3.0–4.6 V range with a standard carbonate electrolyte, while the non-coated one retains only 80.4% of its original capacity (171.5 mA h g−1). The reason for the better electrochemical behaviors and high-voltage cycling is related to the distinctive characteristics of the PHL coating layer that is compact, has highly-continuous surface coverage and penetrates the bulk of LCO, forming an integrated electrode. The PHL coating layer plays the role of an ion-conductive protection barrier to inhibit side reactions between the charged LCO surface and electrolyte, reduces the dissolution of cobalt ions and maintains the structural stability of LCO. Further, the PHL coated LCO cathode is well preserved, compared to the uncoated one which is severely cracked after 200 cycles at a charging cut-off voltage of 4.6 V. For high-voltage cycling of lithium-ion batteries, a Li-ion conductor layer, P(VDF-HFP)/LiTFSI with high electrochemical stability has been coated on the surfaces of as-formed LiCoO2 cathodes by a solution casting technique at low temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Research Institute of Chemical Defense Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yuehua Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Research Institute of Chemical Defense Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Research Institute of Chemical Defense Beijing 100191 China
| | - Songtong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Research Institute of Chemical Defense Beijing 100191 China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Research Institute of Chemical Defense Beijing 100191 China
| | - Hai Ming
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Research Institute of Chemical Defense Beijing 100191 China
| | - Gaoping Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Research Institute of Chemical Defense Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Research Institute of Chemical Defense Beijing 100191 China
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