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Shu C, Zhao M, Cheng H, Deng Y, Stiernet P, Hedin N, Yuan J. Desulfurization of diesel via joint adsorption and extraction using a porous liquid derived from ZIF-8 and a phosphonium-type ionic liquid. REACT CHEM ENG 2023; 8:3124-3132. [PMID: 38024524 PMCID: PMC10660146 DOI: 10.1039/d3re00364g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A type-III porous liquid based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and an ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([THTDP][BTI]) was synthesized and used for the desulfurization of model diesel. The desulfurization effect by ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] combined both the adsorptive desulfurization by ZIF-8 and the extraction desulfurization by [THTDP][BTI]. The removal of the three chosen aromatic organic sulfides by the ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] porous liquid followed the order of dibenzothiophene (73.1%) > benzothiophene (70.0%) > thiophene (61.5%). It was further found that deep desulfurization could be realized by ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] through triple desulfurization cycles and ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] can be regenerated readily. The desulfurization mechanism was explored further in detail by conformation search and density functional theory calculations. Calculations supported that the large molecular volume of [THTDP][BTI] excluded itself from the cavities of ZIF-8, making the pores of ZIF-8 in the porous liquid unoccupied and accessible by other guest species, here the studied organic sulfides. These calculations indicate that the van der Waals interactions were the main interactions between ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] and specifically benzothiophene. This work supports that the porous liquid ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] could potentially be used for desulfurization of diesel in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhua Shu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Hua Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Yajie Deng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Pierre Stiernet
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
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Behbahani Nezhad A, Bastan F, Panjehshahin A, Zamani M. Adsorptive Desulfurization of Condensate Contains Aromatic Compounds Using a Commercial Molecular Sieve. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10365-10372. [PMID: 36969445 PMCID: PMC10034830 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study is undertaken to evaluate the potential of a commercial molecular sieve to remove diverse sulfur compounds from condensate with high aromatic on an industrial scale. For the first part of this study, the adsorbent is characterized in detail using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. For the second part, dynamic breakthrough experiments on an industrial scale are performed to assess the dynamic adsorption performance of a commercial molecular sieve. Dynamic experiments show that the adsorbent effectively removes the sulfur compound from condensate that has approximately 900 ppmw S. In more detail, this commercial molecular sieve selectively desulfurizes condensate to about 12 ppmw S, and this is achieved when the concentration of non-sulfur aromatic is greater than 15 times higher than the total sulfur. As regeneration is a crucial part of the continuous adsorption-regeneration cycling process, the final part of this study is focused on finding a desorption method to avoid a sulfur concentration peak in tail gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Behbahani Nezhad
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Tehran
University, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Farzad Bastan
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran 7571855177, Iran
| | - Ahmad Panjehshahin
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran 7571855177, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zamani
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Tehran
University, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
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Saeed M, Firdous A, Zaman MS, Izhar F, Riaz M, Haider S, Majeed M, Tariq S. MOFs
for desulfurization of fuel oil: Recent advances and future insights. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Aswa Firdous
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleh Zaman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) Lahore Pakistan
| | - Fatima Izhar
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Mubeshar Riaz
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sabah Haider
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muzamil Majeed
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shahzaib Tariq
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) Lahore Pakistan
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Benzothiophene Adsorptive Desulfurization onto trihexYl(tetradecyl)phosphonium Dicyanamide Ionic-Liquid-Modified Renewable Carbon: Kinetic, Equilibrium and UV Spectroscopy Investigations. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010298. [PMID: 36615492 PMCID: PMC9821798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The negative environmental and industrial impacts of the presence of sulfur compounds such as benzothiophene in fuels have led to a greater interest in desulfurization research. In this work, carbon from palm waste sources was modified with trihexYl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide-ionic liquid and characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR to assess surface properties. Then, the prepared carbon and carbon modified with ionic liquid were evaluated for the adsorption of benzothiophene by investigating the effects of time. The equilibrium occurred after 120 min, recording adsorption capacities of 192 and 238 mg/g for carbon and carbon modified with ionic liquid, respectively. The effect of the adsorbent dose on the adsorption of benzothiophene was evaluated, indicating that the maximum adsorption capacities were obtained using a dose of 1 g/L for both carbon and carbon modified with ionic liquid. The kinetic investigation for the adsorption of benzothiophene onto carbon and carbon modified with ionic liquid indicated that the second-order kinetic model is well fitted with the adsorption data rather than the first-order kinetic model. The equilibrium investigations for the adsorption of benzothiophene onto carbon and carbon modified with ionic liquid with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models reveals that the Freundlich model is the most suitable for describing the adsorption process, suggesting a multilayer adsorption mechanism. The desulfurization process showed a high impact on environmental safety due to the possibility of regenerating and reusing the prepared adsorbents with promising results up to five cycles.
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Catalytic Photodegradation of Cyclic Sulfur Compounds in a Model Fuel Using a Bench-scale Falling-film Reactor Irradiated by a Visible Light. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.4.15838.755-767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A homemade N doped-TiO2 nanoparticle were used to degrade dibenzothiophene (DBT) in a model fuel flowing on a bench-scale glass-made falling film reactor irradiated by a xenon lamp that emitted visible light. The photocatalyst was immobilized on the glass sheet. EDS, SEM, and FT-IR techniques were utilized to identify the morphology of the N doped-TiO2 nanoparticles. Different operating parameters (e.g., N loading (0, 4, 5, and 6 wt%), light intensity (20, 40, and 60 W/m2), and pH (4, 7, and 10)) were investigated for their effect on the DBT degradation. The effect of the N loading on the wettability of the nano-TiO2 particles was also investigated. Experimental results revealed that the N loading did not affect the wettability characteristics of the nano TiO2 particles. Moreover, results showed that DBT conversion positively depends on N loading, light intensity (hv), and pH increase. The estimated optimal operating parameters were 5 wt% N loading, pH = 10, and hv = 40 W/m2 to ensure the best photo-oxidation efficiency of 91.4% after 120 min of operation. The outcomes of the present work confirmed the effective efficiency of the N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles irradiated by visible light for DBT degradation. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Lv N, Zhang J, Yin J, Ran H, Zhang Y, Zhu T, Li H. Screening single metal atom supported on h-BN as the efficient adsorptive desulfurization adsorbent. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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7
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Towards the Sustainable Production of Ultra-Low-Sulfur Fuels through Photocatalytic Oxidation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the sulfur-containing compounds are removed from motor fuels through the traditional hydrodesulfurization technology, which takes place under harsh reaction conditions (temperature of 350–450 °C and pressure of 30–60 atm) in the presence of catalysts based on alumina with impregnated cobalt and molybdenum. According to the principles of green chemistry, energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized, i.e., the chemical processes should be carried out at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. This approach could be implemented using photocatalysts that are sensitive to visible light. The creation of highly active photocatalytic systems for the deep purification of fuels from sulfur compounds becomes an important task of modern catalysis science. The present critical review reports recent progress over the last 5 years in heterogeneous photocatalytic desulfurization under visible light irradiation. Specific attention is paid to the methods for boosting the photocatalytic activity of materials, with a focus on the creation of heterojunctions as the most promising approach. This review also discusses the influence of operating parameters (nature of oxidant, molar ratio of oxidant/sulfur-containing compounds, photocatalyst loading, etc.) on the reaction efficiency. Some perspectives and future research directions on photocatalytic desulfurization are also provided.
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Li H, Wang B, Yang H, Lu Z, Liu W, Bai Z. Deep desulfurization of alkylated oil by alumina adsorbents: characteristics and mechanism study. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2022-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deep desulfurization of alkylated oil is the primary problem that has long plagued the petroleum refining industry. In this study, alkaline alumina adsorbent microspheres were synthesized by carbonization - hot oil column pelletization method. The adsorption desulfurization performance of as-synthesized adsorbent and three commercial alumina-based adsorbents were systematically evaluated and compared. The results showed that alkaline alumina adsorbent had the optimal adsorption performance with a saturated adsorption capacity of 8.604 mg·g<sup>-1</sup>. Meanwhile, FTIR and sulfur speciation analysis indicated that the alkaline alumina adsorbent could deeply remove various sulfides (methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, hexacarbon sulfide, dibenzothiophene, <i>etc.</i>) from alkylated oil. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics study manifested that the adsorption of sulfide was dominated by chemical adsorption, supplemented by physical adsorption, and accompanied by competitive adsorption among different sulfides. In addition, the regeneration experiment showed that nitrogen (90 °C) could realize the stable regeneration of the alkaline alumina adsorbent. To ensure stable regeneration performance in industry, it is recommended that the alkaline alumina adsorbent be regenerated once with nitrogen at 90 °C. This study will provide theoretical support for the process optimization of deep desulfurization of alkylated oil and contribute to the high-quality production of clean fuels worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering and Power Engineering, 539687, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering and Power Engineering, 539687, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Yang
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering and Power Engineering, 539687, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojin Lu
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering and Power Engineering, 539687, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering and Power Engineering, 539687, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishan Bai
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering and Power Engineering, 539687, Shanghai, China
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9
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Omar RA, Verma N. Review of Adsorptive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels and Regeneration Attempts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Anand Omar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226024, India
| | - Nishith Verma
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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10
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Nanoarchitectonics of Copper Tungsten-Mesoporous Silica with a New Template for Photo Oxidative-Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA novel CuWO4/SiO2 heterojunction catalyst was successfully synthesized using a new sulfonamide derivative. The physical characteristics of the prepared samples were investigated by TGA, XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV, PL, and XPS. The prepared catalysts were applied as a nano photocatalyst for photooxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene under visible light using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization performances of the prepared samples were investigated. Various factors as the reaction time, dibenzothiophene concentration, catalyst dose, and the oxidizing agent dose were also studied. The prepared photocatalyst has high desulfurization activity in the removal of DBT under mild conditions. Results showed that the CuWO4/SiO2 exhibited considerably higher activity than neat support SiO2. Such improved photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the efficient separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs on CuWO4/SiO2 heterojunction. Moreover, the synergistic effects of this photocatalytic oxidation and the green oxidant hydrogen peroxide played an essential role in desulfurization. The reaction is pseudo-first-order and can reach 98.6% removal of dibenzothiophene after 70 min and 97.2% after four cycles.
Graphical Abstract
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11
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Saeed M, Riaz A, Intisar A, Iqbal Zafar M, Fatima H, Howari H, Alhodaib A, Waseem A. Synthesis, characterization and application of organoclays for adsorptive desulfurization of fuel oil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7362. [PMID: 35513408 PMCID: PMC9072406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study encompasses the application of cost effective, organo-modified bentonite material for efficient desulfurization of model oil and real fuel. For the adsorptive desulfurization of oil, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used as model compound. Various experimental parameters (time, temperature, adsorbent-amount and DBT concentration) were thoroughly investigated. The synthesized material was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The modification exhibits the increase in interlayer spacing of clay as confirmed from XRD and modified material shows interesting morphology as compared to unmodified bentonite. The results showed that > 90% of DBT removal was achieved under optimized conditions for B-BTC, B-BTB and B-DSS and > 80% for B-BEHA, for model fuel oil which are greater than unmodified clay (< 45%). Additionally, the findings from desulfurization of real fuel oil declare that 96.76% and 95.83% removal efficiency was achieved for kerosene and diesel oil respectively, at optimized conditions and fuel properties follow ASTM specifications. The obtained findings well fitted with thermodynamic, isothermal (Langmuir) with adsorption capacity (70.8 (B-BTC), 66 (B-BTB), 61.2 (B-DSS) and 55.2 (B-BEHA) in mg/g) and pseudo-second-order kinetics. In thermodynamic studies, negative sign ([Formula: see text] specifies the spontaneity whereas, [Formula: see text] endothermic and positive sign [Formula: see text] show randomness after DBT adsorption onto organoclay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Riaz
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Azeem Intisar
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal Zafar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Humaria Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Haidar Howari
- Department of Physics, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiyeshah Alhodaib
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amir Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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12
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AlKhafaji KS, Shakor ZM, Al-Zaidi BY, Hussein SJ. Preparation and Characterization of Metakaolin-Based Catalysts for Gasoil Hydrodesulfurization Purposes. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Abdurrashid H, Merican ZMA, Musa SG. Recent advances in catalytic oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil – A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Effect of desilication of NaY zeolite on sulfur content reduction of gasoline model in presence of toluene and cyclohexene. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Chen R, Yu X, Ye X, Li J, Hu B. Extractive–oxidative desulfurization of model fuels using imidazole-based dicationic ionic liquids as extractants. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00372k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Desulfurization efficiency of bis-imidazole-based ionic liquids with different alkyl chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwei Chen
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xuran Ye
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Bing Hu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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Mao D, Griffin JM, Dawson R, Fairhurst A, Gupta G, Bimbo N. Porous materials for low-temperature H2S-removal in fuel cell applications. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Dias da Silva P, Wong MS, Zygourakis K. JP-8 Desulfurization by CuNa-Y zeolite at elevated temperatures has two distinct stages: Chemisorption followed by surface reactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:14534-14546. [PMID: 35765416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the performance of continuous flow adsorbers for adsorptive desulfurization. JP-8 fuel with 2,230 ppmw of sulfur was treated in a flow-through adsorber packed with CuNa-Y zeolite pellets and operating at 180 °C and 200 psig with liquid hourly space velocities (LHSV) from 0.13 to 3.24 h-1. Our results showed that a flow-through adsorber operating at these conditions can effectively reduce the sulfur content of JP-8 to ultra-low values (1-10 ppmw) over the entire LHSV range tested, although the overall performance of the adsorber declined with increasing flow rates as expected. We also observed that the total sulfur removal exceeded the theoretical adsorption limit of our zeolite adsorbent. Detailed characterization of the treated fuel and spent adsorbent via chromatographic and surface analysis techniques revealed that desulfurization occurs in two stages. Sulfur is initially removed via adsorption (chemisorption) on the CuNa-Y zeolite, an assertion supported by simulations with a transient heterogeneous model. As the adsorbent becomes saturated, however, surface chemical reactions start taking place leading to the formation of hydrogen sulfide and polymerization products, and depositing carbon residue on the zeolite. The spent adsorbent was regenerated by treating it with air at 550 or 600 °C, which restored the adsorption capacity of the material to about 90% of its initial value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX.,Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Kyriacos Zygourakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
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18
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Zaki EG, Mohmed D, Hussein MF, El-Zayat MM, Soliman FS, Aman D. Assessment of polyethylene/Zn-ionic as a diesel fuel sulfur adsorbent: gamma radiation effect and response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52993-53009. [PMID: 34023992 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Irradiated waste high-density polyethylene@Zn/ionic liquid novel composite well-fabricated via coacervation method was irradiated by gamma-irradiation and studied the effect of that radiation on the desulfurization process. The prepared composites were characterized by various analytical techniques as follows: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), N2-adsorption-desorption isotherm, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). The adsorptive desulfurization process of benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) which are harmful compounds in diesel model fuel was investigating using the irradiated and unirradiated composite. The results illustrated that the unirradiated and irradiated composites exhibit an adequate adsorption capacity reached (50-75 mg S/g) and (60-85 mg S/g) for BT and DBT, respectively. The adsorption process over the prepared adsorbents follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The irradiated composite exhibited more adsorption capacity than the unirradiated one due to the radiation generated more surface area and created proton-bond donor sites in the composite surface, which increases the interaction between the surface and sulfur species. The adsorption capacity and adsorption percentage for irradiated and unirradiated composites towards (SCCs) were studied using response surface methodology based on the central composite design (CCD). The thermodynamic factors (∆H°, ∆G°, and ∆S°) reveal that these processes are endothermic adsorption processes. The irradiated PEt @Zn/IL was re-used without significant loss of adsorption activity. This novel irradiated PEt @Zn/IL is the first time used as an adsorbent with an advantage that includes its excellent adsorption capacity, which ensures the product will be efficient in a real process such as the petrochemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed Gamal Zaki
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
| | - Dina Mohmed
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Modather Farouk Hussein
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
- Chemistry department, college of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Mahmoud El-Zayat
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
| | - Fathi Samir Soliman
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
- EPRI-Nanotechnology Center, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Delvin Aman
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
- EPRI-Nanotechnology Center, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
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Lim XB, Ong WJ. A current overview of the oxidative desulfurization of fuels utilizing heat and solar light: from materials design to catalysis for clean energy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:588-633. [PMID: 34018529 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ceaseless increase of pollution cases due to the tremendous consumption of fossil fuels has steered the world towards an environmental crisis and necessitated urgency to curtail noxious sulfur oxide emissions. Since the world is moving toward green chemistry, a fuel desulfurization process driven by clean technology is of paramount significance in the field of environmental remediation. Among the novel desulfurization techniques, the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process has been intensively studied and is highlighted as the rising star to effectuate sulfur-free fuels due to its mild reaction conditions and remarkable desulfurization performances in the past decade. This critical review emphasizes the latest advances in thermal catalytic ODS and photocatalytic ODS related to the design and synthesis routes of myriad materials. This encompasses the engineering of metal oxides, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, polyoxometalates, metal-organic frameworks, metal-free materials and their hybrids in the customization of advantageous properties in terms of morphology, topography, composition and electronic states. The essential connection between catalyst characteristics and performances in ODS will be critically discussed along with corresponding reaction mechanisms to provide thorough insight for shaping future research directions. The impacts of oxidant type, solvent type, temperature and other pivotal factors on the effectiveness of ODS are outlined. Finally, a summary of confronted challenges and future outlooks in the journey to ODS application is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Bin Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia. and Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia. and Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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20
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Saha B, Vedachalam S, Dalai AK. Performance of geopolymer as adsorbent on desulphurization of heavy gas oil. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Saha
- Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratories University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Sundaramurthy Vedachalam
- Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratories University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Ajay K. Dalai
- Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratories University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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21
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Abdali A, Mahmoudian M, Eskandarabadi SM, Nozad E, Enayati M. Elimination of dibenzothiophene from n-hexane by nano-composite membrane containing Cu-MOF in a pervaporation process. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Membrane-Supported Layered Coordination Polymer as an Advanced Sustainable Catalyst for Desulfurization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092404. [PMID: 33919057 PMCID: PMC8122353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of a catalytic membrane in the oxidative desulfurization of a multicomponent model diesel formed by most refractory sulfur compounds present in fuel is reported here for the first time. The catalytic membrane was prepared by the impregnation of the active lamellar [Gd(H4nmp)(H2O)2]Cl·2H2O (UAV-59) coordination polymer (CP) into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic glass) supporting membrane. The use of the catalytic membrane in the liquid–liquid system instead of a powder catalyst arises as an enormous advantage associated with the facility of catalyst handling while avoiding catalyst mass loss. The optimization of various parameters allowed to achieve a near complete desulfurization after 3 h under sustainable conditions, i.e., using an aqueous H2O2 as oxidant and an ionic liquid as extraction solvent ([BMIM]PF6, 1:0.5 ratio diesel:[BMIM]PF6). The performance of the catalytic membrane and of the powdered UAV-59 catalyst was comparable, with the advantage that the former could be recycled successfully for a higher number of desulfurization cycles without the need of washing and drying procedures between reaction cycles, turning the catalytic membrane process more cost-efficient and suitable for future industrial application.
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23
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Yu L, Gamliel DP, Markunas B, Valla JA. A Promising Solution for Food Waste: Preparing Activated Carbons for Phenol Removal from Water Streams. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8870-8883. [PMID: 33842758 PMCID: PMC8028020 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenol and its derivatives are highly toxic chemicals and are widely used in various industrial applications. Therefore, the industrial wastewater streams must be treated to lower the concentration of phenol before discharge. At the same time, food waste has been a major environmental problem globally and the scientific community is eagerly seeking effective management solutions. The objective of this study was to understand the potential of utilizing food waste as a renewable and sustainable resource for the production of activated carbons for the removal of phenol from water streams. The food waste was pyrolyzed and physically activated by steam. The pyrolysis and activation conditions were optimized to obtain activated carbons with high surface area. The activated carbon with the highest surface area, 745 m2 g-1, was derived via activation at 950 °C for 1 h. A detailed characterization of the physicochemical and morphological properties of the activated carbons derived from food waste was performed and a comprehensive adsorption study was conducted to investigate the potential of using the activated carbons for phenol removal from water streams. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration of phenol in water were studied and adsorption models were applied to experimental data to interpret the adsorption process. A remarkable phenol adsorption capacity of 568 mg g-1 was achieved. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better over the pseudo-second-order kinetic model to describe the kinetics of adsorption. The intraparticle diffusion model showed multiple regions, suggesting that the intraparticle diffusion was not the sole rate-controlling step of adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm model was the best model out of Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models to describe the phenol adsorption on activated carbons derived from food waste. This study demonstrated that food waste could be utilized to produce activated carbon and it showed promising capacity on phenol removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4602, United States
| | - David P. Gamliel
- Physical
Sciences Incorporated, 20 New England Business Center Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Brianna Markunas
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4602, United States
| | - Julia A. Valla
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4602, United States
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24
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Abstract
Detailed analysis of textural properties, e.g., pore size and connectivity, of nanoporous materials is essential to identify correlations of these properties with the performance of gas storage, separation, and catalysis processes. The advances in developing nanoporous materials with uniform, tailor-made pore structures, including the introduction of hierarchical pore systems, offer huge potential for these applications. Within this context, major progress has been made in understanding the adsorption and phase behavior of confined fluids and consequently in physisorption characterization. This enables reliable pore size, volume, and network connectivity analysis using advanced, high-resolution experimental protocols coupled with advanced methods based on statistical mechanics, such as methods based on density functional theory and molecular simulation. If macro-pores are present, a combination of adsorption and mercury porosimetry can be useful. Hence, some important recent advances in understanding the mercury intrusion/extrusion mechanism are discussed. Additionally, some promising complementary techniques for characterization of porous materials immersed in a liquid phase are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thommes
- Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany;
| | - C Schlumberger
- Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany;
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25
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Mo Z, Wang S, Hui Y, Kong W, Zhai P, Wang H, Zu Y, Qin Y, Song L. Enhanced Adsorption Desulfurization Performance over CuCeY Zeolites Prepared by Low‐Temperature Calcination under H
2
Atmosphere. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Mo
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Sihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning Province Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Yu Hui
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Weijie Kong
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning Province Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Peng Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning Province Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning Province Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Yun Zu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
| | - Yucai Qin
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning Province Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Lijuan Song
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning Province Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
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26
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Shu C, Zhu F, Zhu X, Lai F. A novel method for fuel oil desulphurization by deep eutectic solvent extraction coupled with reduction using sodium borohydride. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhua Shu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Shangrao Normal University Shangrao China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Shangrao Normal University Shangrao China
| | - Xianhong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Shangrao Normal University Shangrao China
| | - Faying Lai
- School of Land Resources and Environment Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang China
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27
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Fan WJ, Liu N, Zhu WQ, Mao YB, Tan DZ. Design of novel conjugated microporous polymers for efficient adsorptive desulfurization of small aromatic sulfur molecules. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 101:107734. [PMID: 32931981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a computational study of the adsorptive desulfurization of small aromatic sulfur compounds by conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). The density-functional tight-binding method augmented with an R-6 dispersion correction is employed to investigate the physisorption binding mechanism and electronic properties of the CMP-aromatic sulfur complexes. We show that the widely extended π conjugation in the CMP skeletons is favorable for the non-covalent adsorption of aromatic thiophene and dibenzothiophene via π-π, H-π, and S-π interactions. The average binding energies are calculated to be -6.2 ∼ -15.2 kcal/mol for CMP- thiophene/dibenzothiophene systems. For the dibenzothiophene molecule with larger size and more extended conjugation, it binds more than twice stronger to CMP than the thiophene molecule. We show that the replacement of quinoline unit to the phenylene group in the network linker effectively enhances the average binding capacities by around 0.8-1.8 kcal/mol. Our calculations theoretically demonstrate that CMPs materials are kind of promising candidates for the adsorptive desulfurization of small aromatic sulfur compounds. This paper provides useful theoretical guidance for design of novel carbon-based adsorbents for adsorptive desulfurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Fan
- College of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Liu
- College of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Zhu
- College of China & New Zealand Collaboration, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Bu Mao
- College of China & New Zealand Collaboration, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Zhi Tan
- Experimental Centre of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Piscopo CG, Granadeiro CM, Balula SS, Bošković D. Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Catalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Piscopo
- Energetic Materials Department Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7 D-76327 Pfinztal Germany
| | - C. M. Granadeiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo alegre, s/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - S. S. Balula
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo alegre, s/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - D. Bošković
- Energetic Materials Department Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7 D-76327 Pfinztal Germany
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29
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Mo Z, Qin Y, Zu Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Song L. Effect of Content of Cerium Ion on Brönsted‐Acid‐Catalyzed Reaction of Thiophene over CeY Zeolite Studied by In Situ FTIR Spectroscopy. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Mo
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Yucai Qin
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Yun Zu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Lijuan Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
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30
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Abstract
Recalcitrant sulfur compounds are common impurities in crude oil. During combustion they produce SOx derivatives that are able to affect the atmospheric ozone layer, increasing the formation of acid rains, and reducing the life of the engine due to corrosion. In the last twenty years, many efforts have been devoted to develop conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) procedures, as well as alternative methods, such as selective adsorption, bio-desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) under extractive conditions (ECODS), and others. Among them, the oxidative procedures have been usually accomplished by the use of toxic stoichiometric oxidants, namely potassium permanganate, sodium bromate and carboxylic and sulfonic peracids. As an alternative, increasing interest is devoted to selective and economical procedures based upon catalytic methods. Heterogeneous catalysis is of relevance in industrial ODS processes, since it reduces the leaching of active species and favors the recovery and reuse of the catalyst for successive transformations. The heterogenization of different types of high-valent metal transition-based organometallic complexes, able to promote the activation of stoichiometric benign oxidants like peroxides, can be achieved using various solid supports. Many successful cases have been frequently associated with the use of mesoporous silicas that have the advantage of easy surface modification by reaction with organosilanes, facilitating the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts. In this manuscript the application of SBA-15 as efficient support for different active metal species, able to promote the catalytic ODS of either model or real fuels is reviewed, highlighting its beneficial properties such as high surface area, narrow pore size distribution and tunable pore diameter dimensions. Related to this topic, the most relevant advances recently published, will be discussed and critically described.
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