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Xu H, Jin R, O'Brien CP. Multi-Functional Polymer Membranes Enable Integrated CO 2 Capture and Conversion in a Single, Continuous-Flow Membrane Reactor under Mild Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56305-56313. [PMID: 38011911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a membrane-based system designed to capture CO2 from dilute mixtures and convert the captured CO2 into value-added products in a single integrated process operated continuously under mild conditions. Specifically, we demonstrate that quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) membranes are selective CO2 separation membranes that are also catalytically active for cyclic carbonate synthesis from the cycloaddition of CO2 to epichlorohydrin. We further demonstrate that quaternized P4VP membranes can integrate CO2 capture, including from dilute mixtures down to 0.1 kPa of CO2, with CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonates at 57 °C and atmospheric pressure. The catalytic membrane acts as both the CO2 capture and conversion medium, providing an energy-efficient alternative to sorbent-based capture, compression, transport, and storage. The membrane is also potentially tunable for the conversion of CO2 to a variety of products, including chemicals and fuels not limited to cyclic carbonates, which would be a transformative shift in carbon capture and utilization technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United Sates
| | - Renxi Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United Sates
| | - Casey P O'Brien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United Sates
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Umegaki T, Kojima Y. Conversion of Recovered Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide into Urea in the Presence of Catalytically Active Copper Species in Nanospaces of Porous Silica Hollow Spheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5109-5117. [PMID: 36668975 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study firstly reported porous silica hollow spheres as a host material for recovery of ammonia and carbon dioxide and conversion of the compounds into urea. These compounds were effectively introduced into the hollow spheres from an aqueous solution including ammonium and carbonate ions accompanied with catalytically active copper ions from the analyses of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectra and diffusion reflectance ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared (DR UV-vis-NIR) spectra. The ammonium and carbonate ions were converted into urea in the hollow spheres at 323 K under 0.5 MPa of argon atmosphere from the results of the DRIFT spectra. From the results of nitrogen sorption isotherms and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) spectra, the amount of the generated urea depended on the amount of the introduced ammonium ions and the size distribution of the nanospaces in the hollow spheres. Urea was highly generated in the hollow spheres with a high amount of ammonium ions and well-ordered nanospaces from the reactants at high density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Umegaki
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo101-8308, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo101-8308, Japan
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Smita Biswas S, Chakraborty S, Saha A, Eswaramoorthy M. Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia Under Ambient Conditions: Stakes and Challenges. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200139. [PMID: 35866503 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous electrochemical nitrogen reduction (ENR) to ammonia (NH3 ) under ambient conditions is considered as an alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production. Many metal, non-metal, carbon-based materials along with metal-chalcogenides, metal-nitrides have been explored for their ENR activity. The reported NH3 production through ENR is still in the micro-gram level and often falls in the range of NH3 and NOx contaminations from the surrounding. The quantification of NH3 at very low concentration possess enormous challenge in this field and thus many reported ENR electrocatalysts suffer from reproducibility issue. This review highlights in detail the challenges associated with ENR in aqueous medium and necessitates standardization of protocols to quantify the low concentration of NH3 free of false-positives. It concludes the prospects of electrochemical NH3 production through lithium-mediated N2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Smita Biswas
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Soumita Chakraborty
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Arunava Saha
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Muthusamy Eswaramoorthy
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India.,International Centre for Materials Science, JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India
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Xu H, Easa J, Pate SG, Jin R, O'Brien CP. Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman-Scattering (SERS) for Probing CO 2 Facilitated Transport Mechanisms of Amine-Functionalized Polymeric Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15697-15705. [PMID: 35316018 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a new operando surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform that we developed for use with polymeric membranes that includes (1) a method for preparing SERS-active polymer membranes and (2) a permeation cell with optical access for SERS characterization of membranes under realistic operating conditions. This technique enables the direct correlation of membrane structure to its performance under realistic operating conditions by combining in situ SERS characterization of the molecular structure of polymer membranes and simultaneous measurement of solute permeation rates on the same sample. Using the new operando SERS technique, this work aims to clarify the unknown mechanisms by which reactive amines facilitate CO2 transport across polyvinylamine (PVAm), a prototypical facilitated transport membrane for CO2 separations. We show that a small amount of plasmonic silver particles added to the PVAm solution prior to knife-casting selectively enhances the sensitivity to detection of chemical intermediates (e.g., carbamate) formed in the PVAm film due to the surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect with only minimal effect on the CO2 permeance and selectivity of the membrane. Operando SERS characterization of PVAm during exposure to humidified CO2/CH4 biogas mixtures at room temperature shows that CO2 permeates across PVAm primarily as carbamate species. This work clarifies the previously unknown mechanism of CO2 facilitated transport across PVAm and establishes a new operando SERS platform that can be used with a wide range of polymer membrane systems. This technique can be used to elucidate fundamental transport mechanisms in polymer membranes, to establish reliable structure-performance relationships, and for real-time diagnostics of membrane fouling, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United Sates
| | - Justin Easa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United Sates
| | - Sarah G Pate
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United Sates
| | - Renxi Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United Sates
| | - Casey P O'Brien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United Sates
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Li J, Kornienko N. Electrochemically driven C-N bond formation from CO 2 and ammonia at the triple-phase boundary. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3957-3964. [PMID: 35440988 PMCID: PMC8985509 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06590d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrosynthetic techniques are gaining prominence across the fields of chemistry, engineering and energy science. However, most works within the direction of synthetic heterogeneous electrocatalysis focus on water electrolysis and CO2 reduction. In this work, we moved to expand the scope of small molecule electrosynthesis by developing a synthetic scheme which couples CO2 and NH3 at a gas–liquid–solid boundary to produce species with C–N bonds. Specifically, by bringing in CO2 from the gas phase and NH3 from the liquid phase together over solid copper catalysts, we have succeeded in forming formamide and acetamide products for the first time from these reactants. In a subsequent complementary step, we have combined electrochemical analysis and a newly developed operando spectroelectrochemical method, capable of probing the aforementioned gas–liquid–solid boundary, to extract an initial level of mechanistic analysis regarding the reaction pathways of these reactions and the current system's limitations. We believe that the development and understanding of this set of reaction pathways will play significant role in expanding the community's understanding of on-surface electrosynthetic reactions as well as push this set of inherently sustainable technologies towards widespread applicability. Electrocatalytic formation of C–N bonds was achieved through the electrolysis of CO2 and NH3 over Cu catalysts. A combined analytical and spectroscopic approach gave insights into the reaction mechanism leading to formamide and acetamide products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Montréal QC H2V 0B3 Canada
| | - Nikolay Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Montréal QC H2V 0B3 Canada
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Tripodi A, Conte F, Robbiano A, Ramis G, Rossetti I. Solid–Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of the System Water, Acetonitrile, and Ammonium Bicarbonate in Multiphase Reacting Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tripodi
- Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
- CNR-ISTM and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Francesco Conte
- Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Robbiano
- DICCA, Università degli Studi di Genova and INSTM Unit-Genova, via all’Opera Pia 15A, Genoa 16100, Italy
| | - Gianguido Ramis
- DICCA, Università degli Studi di Genova and INSTM Unit-Genova, via all’Opera Pia 15A, Genoa 16100, Italy
| | - Ilenia Rossetti
- Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
- CNR-ISTM and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
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Carbamoyl phosphate and its substitutes for the uracil synthesis in origins of life scenarios. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19356. [PMID: 34588537 PMCID: PMC8481487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step of pyrimidine synthesis along the orotate pathway is studied to test the hypothesis of geochemical continuity of protometabolic pathways at the origins of life. Carbamoyl phosphate (CP) is the first high-energy building block that intervenes in the in vivo synthesis of the uracil ring of UMP. Thus, the likelihood of its occurrence in prebiotic conditions is investigated herein. The evolution of carbamoyl phosphate in water and in ammonia aqueous solutions without enzymes was characterised using ATR-IR, 31P and 13C spectroscopies. Carbamoyl phosphate initially appears stable in water at ambient conditions before transforming to cyanate and carbamate/hydrogenocarbonate species within a matter of hours. Cyanate, less labile than CP, remains a potential carbamoylating agent. In the presence of ammonia, CP decomposition occurs more rapidly and generates urea. We conclude that CP is not a likely prebiotic reagent by itself. Alternatively, cyanate and urea may be more promising substitutes for CP, because they are both “energy-rich” (high free enthalpy molecules in aqueous solutions) and kinetically inert regarding hydrolysis. Energy-rich inorganic molecules such as trimetaphosphate or phosphoramidates were also explored for their suitability as sources of carbamoyl phosphate. Although these species did not generate CP or other carbamoylating agents, they exhibited energy transduction, specifically the formation of high-energy P–N bonds. Future efforts should aim to evaluate the role of carbamoylating agents in aspartate carbamoylation, which is the following reaction in the orotate pathway.
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Liu M, Custelcean R, Seifert S, Kuzmenko I, Gadikota G. Hybrid Absorption–Crystallization Strategies for the Direct Air Capture of CO 2 Using Phase-Changing Guanidium Bases: Insights from in Operando X-ray Scattering and Infrared Spectroscopy Measurements. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meishen Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 527 College Avenue, 117 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Radu Custelcean
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Greeshma Gadikota
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 527 College Avenue, 117 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Morphology control of nickel nanoparticles prepared in situ within silica aerogels produced by novel ambient pressure drying. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11743. [PMID: 32678151 PMCID: PMC7366629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica aerogels are low density solids with high surface area and high porosity which are ideal supports for catalyst materials. The main challenge in aerogel production is the drying process, which must remove liquid from the pores of the wet gel while maintaining the solid network. In this work, the synthesis of silica aerogels and nickel-doped silica aerogels by a low energy budget process is demonstrated. Silica aerogels are produced by ambient drying using ammonium bicarbonate, rather than a conventional low surface tension solvent. Heating dissociates the ammonium bicarbonate, so generating CO2 and NH3 within the pores of the wet gel which prevents pore collapse during drying. Nickel-doped aerogels were produced by reducing nickel ions within pre-synthesised silica aerogels. The morphology of the resulting nickel particles—spheres, wires and chains—could be controlled through an appropriate choice of synthesis conditions. Materials were characterized using nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The surface area of undoped aerogel is found to increase with the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate salts from 360 to 530 m2 g−1, and that of nickel-doped silica aerogel varies from 240 to 310 m2 g−1 with nickel doping conditions.
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Ebikade EO, Wang Y, Samulewicz N, Hasa B, Vlachos D. Active learning-driven quantitative synthesis–structure–property relations for improving performance and revealing active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon for the hydrogen evolution reaction. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A data-driven quantitative synthesis–structure–property relation methodology to elucidate correlations between catalyst synthesis conditions, structural properties and observed performance, providing a systematic way to optimize practical catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Osamudiamhen Ebikade
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Yifan Wang
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Nicholas Samulewicz
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Bjorn Hasa
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Dionisios Vlachos
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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ATR-FTIR Model Development and Verification for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis in MDEA–H2O–MEG/TEG–CO2 Blends. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12173285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method was developed to identify and quantify various components in an amine-based combined acid gas and water removal process. In this work, an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) probe was used. A partial least-squares (PLS) regression model was also developed using up to four components (methyl diethanolamine (MDEA)-H2O-CO2-ethylene glycol/triethylene glycol (MEG/TEG)), and it was successfully validated. The model was applied on thermally degraded CO2-loaded MDEA blends to predict the weight percentages of MDEA, H2O, CO2, and MEG or TEG to test the performance spectrum. The results confirmed that FTIR could be used as a simpler, quicker and reliable tool to identify and quantify various compounds such as MDEA, MEG/TEG, H2O and CO2 simultaneously in a combined acid gas and water removal process.
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