1
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Novotny J, Svobodova Z, Ilicova M, Hruskova D, Kostalova J, Bilkova Z, Foret F. Advantages of stereolithographic 3D printing in the fabrication of the Affiblot device for dot-blot assays. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:442. [PMID: 38954238 PMCID: PMC11219379 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing, objects are constructed by exposing layers of photocurable resin to UV light. It is a highly user-friendly fabrication method that opens a possibility for technology sharing through CAD file online libraries. Here, we present a prototyping procedure of a microfluidics-enhanced dot-blot device (Affiblot) designed for simple and inexpensive screening of affinity molecule characteristics (antibodies, oligonucleotides, cell receptors, etc.). The incorporation of microfluidic features makes sample processing user-friendly, less time-consuming, and less laborious, all performed completely on-device, distinguishing it from other dot-blot devices. Initially, the Affiblot device was fabricated using CNC machining, which required significant investment in manual post-processing and resulted in low reproducibility. Utilization of SLA 3D printing reduced the amount of manual post-processing, which significantly streamlined the prototyping process. Moreover, it enabled the fabrication of previously impossible features, including internal fluidic channels. While 3D printing of sub-millimeter microchannels usually requires custom-built printers, we were able to fabricate microfluidic features on a readily available commercial printer. Open microchannels in the size range 200-300 μm could be fabricated with reliable repeatability and sealed with a replaceable foil. Economic aspects of device fabrication are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Novotny
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Veveri 967/97, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Svobodova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Ilicova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Hruskova
- Department of Economy and Management of Chemical and Foodstuff Industry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kostalova
- Department of Economy and Management of Chemical and Foodstuff Industry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bilkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Veveri 967/97, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Delacourt C, Chemtob A, Goddard JP, Spangenberg A, Cormier M. 3D-Printed Eosin Y-Based Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Organic Reactions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304363. [PMID: 38411305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Heterogenization of Eosin Y by 3D-printing and its application in photocatalysis are reported. The approach allows a fine tuning of the photocatalyst morphology and its rapid preparation. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated through model organic reactions involving oxidation, reduction, and photosensitization pathways. The efficiency, recyclability and stability of 3D printed EY is remarkable paving the way to new generation of heterogeneous photocatalysts with a perfect control of their shape and adaptable to any photoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Delacourt
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse, France
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2 M) UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2 M) UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse, France
| | - Arnaud Spangenberg
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2 M) UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse, France
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3
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Putri KNA, Intasanta V, Hoven VP. Current significance and future perspective of 3D-printed bio-based polymers for applications in energy conversion and storage system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25873. [PMID: 38390075 PMCID: PMC10881347 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing global population has led to a surge in energy demand and the production of environmentally harmful products, highlighting the urgent need for renewable and clean energy sources. In this context, sustainable and eco-friendly energy production strategies have been explored to mitigate the adverse effects of fossil fuel consumption to the environment. Additionally, efficient energy storage devices with a long lifespan are also crucial. Tailoring the components of energy conversion and storage devices can improve overall performance. Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides the flexibility to create and optimize geometrical structure in order to obtain preferable features to elevate energy conversion yield and storage capacitance. It also serves the potential for rapid and cost-efficient manufacturing. Besides that, bio-based polymers with potential mechanical and rheological properties have been exploited as material feedstocks for 3D printing. The use of these polymers promoted carbon neutrality and environmentally benign processes. In this perspective, this review provides an overview of various 3D printing techniques and processing parameters for bio-based polymers applicable for energy-relevant applications. It also explores the advances and current significance on the integration of 3D-printed bio-based polymers in several energy conversion and storage components from the recently published studies. Finally, the future perspective is elaborated for the development of bio-based polymers via 3D printing techniques as powerful tools for clean energy supplies towards the sustainable development goals (SDGs) with respect to environmental protection and green energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoiria Nur Atika Putri
- Program in Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Varol Intasanta
- Nanohybrids and Coating Research Group, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Voravee P Hoven
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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4
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Thavarajah R, Penny MR, Torii R, Hilton ST. Rapid Lewis Acid Screening and Reaction Optimization Using 3D-Printed Catalyst-Impregnated Stirrer Devices in the Synthesis of Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16845-16853. [PMID: 38011901 PMCID: PMC10729026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of Lewis acid (LA) catalyst-impregnated 3D-printed stirrer devices and demonstrate their ability to facilitate the rapid screening of reaction conditions to synthesize heterocycles. The stereolithography 3D-printed stirrer devices were designed to fit round-bottomed flasks and Radleys carousel tubes using our recently reported solvent-resistant resin, and using CFD modeling studies and experimental data, we demonstrated that the device design leads to rapid mixing and rapid throughput over the device surface. Using a range of LA 3D-printed stirrers, the reaction between a diamine and an aldehyde was optimized for the catalyst and solvent, and we demonstrated that use of the 3D-printed catalyst-embedded devices led to higher yields and reduced reaction times. A library of benzimidazole and benzothiazole compounds were synthesized, and the use of devices led to efficient formation of the product as well as low levels of the catalyst in the resultant crude mixture. The use of these devices makes the process of setting up multiple reactions simpler by avoiding weighing out of catalysts, and the devices, once used, can be simply removed from the reaction, making the process of compound library synthesis more facile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumintha Thavarajah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Matthew R. Penny
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Ryo Torii
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, UCL, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Stephen T. Hilton
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
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5
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Bowles B, Muwaffak Z, Hilton S. 3D printed pharmaceutical products. 3D Print Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89831-7.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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6
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Advanced Formulations Based on Poly(ionic liquid) Materials for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235121. [PMID: 36501514 PMCID: PMC9735564 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovation in materials specially formulated for additive manufacturing is of great interest and can generate new opportunities for designing cost-effective smart materials for next-generation devices and engineering applications. Nevertheless, advanced molecular and nanostructured systems are frequently not possible to integrate into 3D printable materials, thus limiting their technological transferability. In some cases, this challenge can be overcome using polymeric macromolecules of ionic nature, such as polymeric ionic liquids (PILs). Due to their tuneability, wide variety in molecular composition, and macromolecular architecture, they show a remarkable ability to stabilize molecular and nanostructured materials. The technology resulting from 3D-printable PIL-based formulations represents an untapped array of potential applications, including optoelectronic, antimicrobial, catalysis, photoactive, conductive, and redox applications.
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7
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Flores D, Noboa J, Tarapues M, Vizuete K, Debut A, Bejarano L, Streitwieser DA, Ponce S. Simple Preparation of Metal-Impregnated FDM 3D-Printed Structures. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1675. [PMID: 36296028 PMCID: PMC9612141 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Modifying the natural characteristics of PLA 3D-printed models is of interest in various research areas in which 3D-printing is applied. Thus, in this study, we describe the simple impregnation of FDM 3D-printed PLA samples with well-defined silver nanoparticles and an iron metal salt. Quasi-spherical and dodecahedra silver particles were strongly attached at the channels of 3D-printed milli-fluidic reactors to demonstrate their attachment and interaction with the flow, as an example. Furthermore, Fenton-like reactions were successfully developed by an iron catalyst impregnated in 3D-printed stirrer caps to induce the degradation of a dye and showed excellent reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Flores
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles s/n y Avenida Interoceánica, Quito 170157, Ecuador
| | - Jose Noboa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles s/n y Avenida Interoceánica, Quito 170157, Ecuador
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Mickaela Tarapues
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles s/n y Avenida Interoceánica, Quito 170157, Ecuador
| | - Karla Vizuete
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Alexis Debut
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Lorena Bejarano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles s/n y AvenidaInteroceánica, Quito 170157, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Almeida Streitwieser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles s/n y Avenida Interoceánica, Quito 170157, Ecuador
- Faculty for Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ponce
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles s/n y Avenida Interoceánica, Quito 170157, Ecuador
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8
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Das S, Noh J, Cao W, Sun H, Gianneschi NC, Abbott NL. Using Nanoscopic Solvent Defects for the Spatial and Temporal Manipulation of Single Assemblies of Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7506-7514. [PMID: 36094850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the use of defects in ordered solvents to form, manipulate, and characterize individual molecular assemblies of either small-molecule amphiphiles or polymers. The approach exploits nanoscopic control of the structure of nematic solvents (achieved by the introduction of topological defects) to trigger the formation of molecular assemblies and the subsequent manipulation of defects using electric fields. We show that molecular assemblies formed in solvent defects slow defect motion in the presence of an electric field and that time-of-flight measurements correlate with assembly size, suggesting methods for the characterization of single assemblies of molecules. Solvent defects are also used to transport single assemblies of molecules between solvent locations that differ in composition, enabling the assembly and disassembly of molecular "nanocontainers". Overall, our results provide new methods for studying molecular self-assembly at the single-assembly level and new principles for integrated nanoscale chemical systems that use solvent defects to transport and position molecular cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Das
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - JungHyun Noh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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9
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McMillin RE, Clark B, Kay K, Gupton BF, Ferri JK. Customizing continuous chemistry and catalytic conversion for carbon–carbon cross-coupling with 3dP. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2022-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Support structures of various materials are used to enhance the performance of catalytic process chemistry. Typically, fixed bed supports contain regular channels enabling high throughput because of the low pressure drop that accompanies high flow rates. However, many fixed bed supports have a low surface-area-to-volume ratio resulting in poor contact between the substrates and catalyst. Three dimensional polymer printing (3dP) can be used to overcome these disadvantages by offering precise control over key design parameters of the fixed bed, including total bed surface area, as well as accommodating system integration features that are compatible with continuous flow chemistry. Additionally, 3dP allows for optimization of the catalytic process based on extrinsic constraints (e.g. operating pressure) and digital design features. These design parameters together with the physicochemical characterization and optimization of catalyst loading can be tuned to prepare customizable reactors based on objectives for substrate conversion and desired throughput. Using a Suzuki (carbon–carbon) cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by palladium, we demonstrate our integrated approach. We discuss key elements of our strategy including the rational design of hydrodynamics, immobilization of the heterogeneous catalyst, and substrate conversion. This hybrid digital-physical approach enables a range of pharmaceutical process chemistries spanning discovery to manufacturing scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. McMillin
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
| | - Brian Clark
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
| | - Kaitlin Kay
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
| | - James K. Ferri
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
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10
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Satzer P, Achleitner L. 3D printing: Economical and supply chain independent single-use plasticware for cell culture. N Biotechnol 2022; 69:55-61. [PMID: 35337999 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3D printing represents a democratization of manufacturing processes, and inexpensive 3D printed parts for cell culture have been tested as replacements for single-use plastics currently unavailable due to worldwide supply chain issues. In addition, such distributed manufacturing of cell culture laboratory materials helps remote areas and developing countries with limited resources. HEK293 cells were used to test printed shake flasks for cell culture applications and their ease of manufacture. Recorded growth curves showed that renewable biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) thermoplastic is an excellent and economical replacement for single-use plastic shake flasks, which have shipment lead times during pandemic situations or other supply chain disruptions of over 6 months. With a price of 0.60 € in materials, and printing machines with prices lower than one box of single-use pre-sterilized plastic shake flasks (<350€), the use of PLA is very affordable. Low-cost photopolymerization resins were also tested, but the inherent cytotoxicity of these materials prevented cell growth. This was also true for plant-based resins marketed as having low volatile organic compounds (VOC). Treatment of parts to reduce VOC content was partially successful, but not sufficient to sustain prolonged cell growth. A high-cost medical device IIa-class material showed no improved cell growth. Nevertheless, with PLA a low-cost printing material was identified and the use as cell culture compatible material was demonstrated, providing low-cost supply chain independence. In the future, the printing of pilot-scale bioreactors with PLA as a green sustainable material at the point of its use will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Satzer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lena Achleitner
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Penny MR, Rao ZX, Thavarajah R, Ishaq A, Bowles BJ, Hilton ST. 3D printed tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) impregnated stirrer devices for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a novel approach, SLA 3D-printed Pd(PPh3)4 containing stirrer beads have been used to catalyse the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction between a range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Penny
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Zenobia X. Rao
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | - Ahtsham Ishaq
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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12
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Kundra M, Zhu Y, Nguyen X, Fraser D, Hornung CH, Tsanaktsidis J. 3D printed nickel catalytic static mixers made by corrosive chemical treatment for use in continuous flow hydrogenation. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00456e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic static mixers, 3D printed from nickel alloys, were treated with etching or leaching solutions to activate their surfaces for use in hydrogenation of alkenes, aldehydes and nitro-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kundra
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Yutong Zhu
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Xuan Nguyen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Darren Fraser
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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13
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Alimi OA, Meijboom R. Current and future trends of additive manufacturing for chemistry applications: a review. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021; 56:16824-16850. [PMID: 34413542 PMCID: PMC8363067 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-021-06362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, refers to a method used to generate a physical object by joining materials in a layer-by-layer process from a three-dimensional virtual model. 3-D printing technology has been traditionally employed in rapid prototyping, engineering, and industrial design. More recently, new applications continue to emerge; this is because of its exceptional advantage and flexibility over the traditional manufacturing process. Unlike other conventional manufacturing methods, which are fundamentally subtractive, 3-D printing is additive and, therefore, produces less waste. This review comprehensively summarises the application of additive manufacturing technologies in chemistry, chemical synthesis, and catalysis with particular attention to the production of general laboratory hardware, analytical facilities, reaction devices, and catalytically active substances. It also focuses on new and upcoming applications such as digital chemical synthesis, automation, and robotics in a synthetic environment. While discussing the contribution of this research area in the last decade, the current, future, and economic opportunities of additive manufacturing in chemical research and material development were fully covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyekunle Azeez Alimi
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
| | - Reinout Meijboom
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
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14
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Heard DM, Doobary S, Lennox AJJ. 3D Printed Reactionware for Synthetic Electrochemistry with Hydrogen Fluoride Reagents. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Heard
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS
| | - Sayad Doobary
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS
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15
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Lawson S, Li X, Thakkar H, Rownaghi AA, Rezaei F. Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Structured Materials for Adsorption and Catalysis Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6246-6291. [PMID: 33947187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Porous solids in the form of adsorbents and catalysts play a crucial role in various industrially important chemical, energy, and environmental processes. Formulating them into structured configurations is a key step toward their scale up and successful implementation at the industrial level. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has emerged as an invaluable platform for shape engineering porous solids and fabricating scalable configurations for use in a wide variety of separation and reaction applications. However, formulating porous materials into self-standing configurations can dramatically affect their performance and consequently the efficiency of the process wherein they operate. Toward this end, various research groups around the world have investigated the formulation of porous adsorbents and catalysts into structured scaffolds with complex geometries that not only exhibit comparable or improved performance to that of their powder parents but also address the pressure drop and attrition issues of traditional configurations. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the recent advances and current challenges in the field of adsorption and catalysis to better guide the future directions in shape engineering solid materials with a better control on composition, structure, and properties of 3D-printed adsorbents and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Lawson
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
| | - Harshul Thakkar
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
| | - Ali A Rownaghi
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
| | - Fateme Rezaei
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
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16
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Kundra M, Grall T, Ng D, Xie Z, Hornung CH. Continuous Flow Hydrogenation of Flavorings and Fragrances Using 3D-Printed Catalytic Static Mixers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kundra
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Tom Grall
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Derrick Ng
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Widely accessible 3D printing technologies in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmaceutics: applications, materials and prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Penny MR, Tsui N, Hilton ST. Extending practical flow chemistry into the undergraduate curriculum via the use of a portable low-cost 3D printed continuous flow system. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractContinuous flow chemistry is undergoing rapid growth and adoption within the pharmaceutical industry due to its ability to rapidly translate chemical discoveries from medicinal chemistry laboratories into process laboratories. Its growing significance means that it is imperative that flow chemistry is taught and experienced by both undergraduate and postgraduate synthetic chemists. However, whilst flow chemistry has been incorporated by industry, there remains a distinct lack of practical training and knowledge at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. A key challenge associated with its implementation is the high cost (>$25,000) of the system’s themselves, which is far beyond the financial reach of most universities and research groups, meaning that this key technology remains open to only a few groups and that its associated training remains a theoretical rather than a practical subject. In order to increase access to flow chemistry, we sought to design and develop a small-footprint, low-cost and portable continuous flow system that could be used to teach flow chemistry, but that could also be used by research groups looking to transition to continuous flow chemistry. A key element of its utility focusses on its 3D printed nature, as low-cost reactors could be readily incorporated and modified to suit differing needs and educational requirements. In this paper, we demonstrate the system’s flexibility using reactors and mixing chips designed and 3D printed by an undergraduate project student (N.T.) and show how the flexibility of the system allows the investigation of differing flow paths on the same continuous flow system in parallel.
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McMillin RE, Luxon AR, Ferri JK. Enabling intensification of multiphase chemical processes with additive manufacturing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 285:102294. [PMID: 33164781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fixed bed supports of various materials (metal, ceramic, polymer) and geometries are used to enhance the performance of many unit operations in chemical processes. Consider first metal and ceramic monolith support structures, which are typically extruded. Extruded monoliths contain regular, parallel channels enabling high throughput because of the low pressure drop accompanying high flow rate. However, extruded channels have a low surface-area-to-volume ratio resulting in low contact between the fluid phase and the support. Additive manufacturing, also referred to as three dimensional printing (3DP), can be used to overcome these disadvantages by offering precise control over key design parameters of the fixed bed including material-of-construction and total bed surface area, as well as accommodating system integration features compatible with continuous flow chemistry. These design parameters together with optimized extrinsic process conditions can be tuned to prepare customizable separation and reaction systems based on objectives for chemical process and/or the desired product. We discuss key elements of leveraging the flexibility of additive manufacturing to intensification with a focus on applications in continuous flow processes and disperse, multiphase systems enabling a range of scalable chemistry spanning discovery to manufacturing operations.
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