1
|
Frey NC, Hollister KK, Müller P, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. Borafluorene-Mediated Sulfur Activation: Isolation of Boryl-Linked S 7 and S 8 Catenates and Related Chalcogenide Molecules. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39239900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Although the activation of elemental sulfur by main group compounds is well-documented in the literature, the products of such reactions are often heterocyclic in nature. However, the isolation and characterization of sulfur catenates (i.e., acyclic sulfur chains) is significantly less common. In this study, we report the activation of elemental sulfur by the 9-CAAC-9-borafluorene radical (1) and anion (2) (CAAC = (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,4-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-5-ylidene) to form boron-sulfur catenates (3-6). From the isolation of the octasulfide-bridged compound 3, a sulfur extrusion reaction using 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe4) was used to decrease the sulfide chain length from eight to seven (4). Bonding analysis of compounds 3-6 was performed using density functional theory, which elucidated the nature of the sulfur-sulfur bonding observed within these compounds. We also report the synthesis of a series of borafluorene-chalcogenide species (7-9), via diphenyl dichalcogenide activation, which portray characteristics described by an internal heavy atom effect. Compounds 7-9 each exhibit blue fluorescence, with the lowest energy emissive process (S2 → S0) at 436 nm (7 and 8) and 431 nm (9). The S1 → S0 emission is not observed experimentally due to a Laporte forbidden transition. Density functional theory was employed to investigate the frontier molecular orbitals and absorption and emission profiles of compounds 7-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Kimberly K Hollister
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bischof T, Wieprecht N, Fuchs S, Endres L, Krummenacher I, Michel M, Mihm C, Braunschweig H, Finze M. Unlocking Heteroaromatic Ring Systems through Chalcogen Insertion into Boroles. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21329-21335. [PMID: 38048693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the reactivity of various annulated borole derivatives toward chalcogen (O, S, and Se) insertion. Among a series of 9-borafluorenes with different boron substituents (Ph, Br, or o-carboranyl) and a mixed thiophene-benzene-fused derivative, only the 9-o-carboranyl-substituted 9-borafluorene yielded the complete set of chalcogen-containing heteroarenes, including the first 1,2-selenaborinine derivative. To evaluate the aromaticity of this heterocyclic analogue of phenanthrene, nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values were computed and compared to those of its lighter group 16 congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bischof
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nele Wieprecht
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Endres
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Mihm
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Witte R, Arrowsmith M, Lamprecht A, Schorr F, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H. C-C and C-N Bond Activation, Lewis-Base Coordination and One- and Two-Electron Oxidation at a Linear Aminoborylene. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203663. [PMID: 36562195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)-stabilized dicoordinate aminoborylene is synthesized by the twofold reduction of a [(CAAC)BCl2 (TMP)] (TMP=2,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) precursor. NMR-spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic and computational analyses confirm the cumulenic nature of the central C=B=N moiety. Irradiation of [(CAAC)B(TMP)] (2) resulted in an intramolecular C-C bond activation, leading to a doubly-fused C10 BN heterocycle, while the reaction with acetonitrile resulted in an aryl migration from the CAAC to the acetonitrile nitrogen atom, concomitant with tautomerization of the latter to a boron-bound allylamino ligand. One-electron oxidation of 2 with CuX (X=Cl, Br) afforded the corresponding amino(halo)boryl radicals, which were characterized by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Placing 2 under an atmosphere of CO afforded the tricoordinate (CAAC,CO)-stabilized aminoborylene. Finally, the twofold oxidation of 2 with chalcogens led, in the case of N2 O and sulfur, to the splitting of the B-CCAAC bond and formation of the 2,4-diamino-1,3,2,4-dichalcogenadiboretanes and CAAC-chalcogen adducts, whereas with selenium a monomeric boraselenone was isolated, which showed some degree of B-Se multiple bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Witte
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lamprecht
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schorr
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan J, Yang MC, Su MD, So CW. N-Phosphinoamidinato Silylene- and Phosphine-Borylborylene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:863-870. [PMID: 36600552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a straightforward method to synthesize a borylborylene without proceeding via the rearrangement of a diborene. An amidinato amidosilylene [LSiNMe2] (L = PhC(NtBu)2) and PMe3 were reacted with an N-phosphinoamidinato diborane 1 and KC8 to form a stable silylene-borylborylene 2 and a persistent phosphine-borylborylene 3, respectively. Compound 2 is stable as the borylene center is well stabilized by the silylene donor and boryl substituent, whereas compound 3 is unstable in solution due to labile PMe3. The latter was illustrated by reacting compound 3 with Ar'NC (Ar' = 2,6-Me2C6H3), where Ar'NC displaced PMe3 and inserted into the N-phosphinoamidinate ligand and B-B bond to form compound 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mills HA, Alsarhan F, Ong TC, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Icosahedral m-Carboranes Containing Exopolyhedral B-Se and B-Te Bonds. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19165-19174. [PMID: 34855370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogen-containing carboranes have been known for several decades and possess stable exopolyhedral B(9)-Se and B(9)-Te σ bonds despite the electron-donating ability of the B(9) vertex. While these molecules are known, little has been done to thoroughly evaluate their electrophilic and nucleophilic behavior. Herein, we report an assessment of the electrophilic reactivity of m-carboranylselenyl(II), -tellurenyl(II), and -tellurenyl(IV) chlorides and establish their reactivity pattern with Grignard reagents, alkenes, alkynes, enolates, and electron-rich arenes. These electrophilic reactions afford unique electron-rich B-Y-C (Y = Se, Te) bonding motifs not commonly found before. Furthermore, we show that m-carboranylselenolate, and even m-carboranyltellurolate, can be competent nucleophiles and participate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Arene substitution chemistry is shown to be further extended to electron-rich species via palladium-mediated cross-coupling chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison A Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fadi Alsarhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ta-Chung Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Joseph B, Gomosta S, Prakash R, Roisnel T, Phukan AK, Ghosh S. Chalcogen Stabilized bis‐Hydridoborate Complexes of Cobalt: Analogues of Tetracyclo[4.3.0.0
2,4
.0
3,5
]nonane. Chemistry 2020; 26:16824-16832. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benson Joseph
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Suman Gomosta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Rini Prakash
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Université de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Ashwini K. Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tezpur University Napaam 784028 Assam India
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu S, Légaré MA, Seufert J, Prieschl D, Rempel A, Englert L, Dellermann T, Paprocki V, Stoy A, Braunschweig H. 2,2′-Bipyridyl as a Redox-Active Borylene Abstraction Agent. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10866-10873. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc-André Légaré
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Seufert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Prieschl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Englert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Paprocki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|