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Xie K, Shen Z, Cheng P, Dong H, Yu ZX, Zu L. C-H functionalization of 2-alkyl tryptamines: direct assembly of azepino[4,5- b]indoles and total synthesis of ngouniensines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12732-12738. [PMID: 39148802 PMCID: PMC11323328 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02802c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Pictet-Spengler type condensation of tryptamine derivatives and aldehydes or ketones is a classic reaction, and has been previously applied to assemble indole-annulated 5-, 6- and 8-membered heterocyclic rings. In this work, we further expand the synthetic scope of this reaction to the 7-membered azepino[4,5-b]indole skeleton through the direct C-H functionalization of 2-alkyl tryptamines, in which the non-activated methylene group participates in a 7-membered ring formation with aldehydes. By combining this unprecedented ring-forming process with a second C-H olefination at the same carbon, the concise total synthesis of natural products ngouniensines is achieved, demonstrating the synthetic potential of the developed chemistry in simplifying retrosynthetic disconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zeyuan Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Peng Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Haoxiang Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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2
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Duan S, Cao Y, Sun W, Zhang M, Zhao D, Hu D, Dong J. Diastereoselective Three-Component 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition to Access Functionalized β-Tetrahydrocarboline- and Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Fused Spirooxindoles. Molecules 2024; 29:1790. [PMID: 38675610 PMCID: PMC11052326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A chemselective catalyst-free three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition has been described. The unique polycyclic THPI and THIQs were creatively employed as dipolarophiles, which led to the formation of functionalized β-tetrahydrocarboline- and tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused spirooxindoles in 60-94% of yields with excellent diastereoselectivities (10: 1->99: 1 dr). This reaction not only realizes a concise THPI- or THIQs-based 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, but also provides a practical strategy for the construction of two distinctive spirooxindole skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Shengli Duan
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Yiyang Cao
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Wenjin Sun
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Delin Zhao
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Donghua Hu
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Jianwei Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
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3
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Shen W, Lu X, Shen Y, Li J, Jia A, Tang S. Synthesis of Azepino[4,5- b]indole via Ring Expansion of Tetrahydro-β-carbolines Ammonium Ylide. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38156631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The formal cyclization strategy was generally used to construct azepino[4,5-b]indole. Herein, we reported a novel and expeditious protocol for the synthesis of quaternary carbon azepino[4,5-b]indole via ring expansion of ammonium ylide, which was formed by the reaction of tetrahydro-β-carbolines with the diazo compound. The easily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, and broad functional tolerance rendered this method a practical strategy that may significantly afford an efficient method of scaffold hopping in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiyao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Junjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Aiqun Jia
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, P. R. China
| | - Shi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
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4
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Fang S, Liu Z, Wang T. Design and Application of Peptide-Mimic Phosphonium Salt Catalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307258. [PMID: 37408171 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral phosphonium salt catalysis, traditionally classified as a type of phase transfer catalysis, has proven to be a powerful strategy for the stereoselective preparation of diverse optically active molecules. However, there still remain numerous forbidding issues of reactivity and selectivity in such well-known organocatalysis system. Accordingly, the development of new and high-performance phosphonium salt catalysts with unique chiral backbones is highly desirable, yet challenging. This Minireview describes the prominent endeavours in the development of a new family of chiral peptide-mimic phosphonium salt catalysts with multiple hydrogen-bonding donors and their applications in a plethora of enantioselective synthesis during the past few years. Hopefully, this minireview will pave a way for further developing much more efficient and privileged chiral ligands/catalysts featuring exclusively catalytic ability in asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zanjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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5
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Zhu YM, Xu XP, Ji SJ. Divergent Synthesis of Pentacyclic Isoindolinones Enabled by Sequential Insertion of Two Different Isocyanides and Acid Promoted Cyclization of Ketenimines. Org Lett 2023; 25:2041-2046. [PMID: 36946492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed multicomponent reaction involving o-bromobenzaldehydes and two different isocyanides was developed to assemble series of isoindolinones with spiroindolenine or azepinoindole skeletons. This sequential insertion reaction features mild conditions, a wide substrate scope, and high efficiency. Preliminary mechanistic study indicated that the difference in steric hindrance between isocyanide components is crucial when regulating the reaction sequence, whereas the ligand also played an important role during the whole process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Baolidi Functional Materials Research Institute, Suzhou 215144, People's Republic of China
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6
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Tanaka H, Yasui T, Uyanik M, Ishihara K. 1,3-Migrative Ring Expansion of Spiroindolenines to Azepino[3,4- b]indoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:2377-2381. [PMID: 36847223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
We serendipitously found an unprecedented 5-to-7-membered ring expansion of 2-alkylspiroindolenines to azepinoindoles mediated by n-tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The starting materials can be easily prepared by the hypoiodite-catalyzed oxidative dearomative spirocyclization of indole derivatives. Mildly basic conditions and electron-deficient protecting groups for the amines were found to be crucial to promoting chemoselective reactions. Moreover, the ring expansion of aniline-derived spiroindolenines proceeds smoothly under much milder conditions using only a catalytic amount of cesium carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yasui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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7
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Bag D, Sawant SD. Heteroarene-tethered Functionalized Alkyne Metamorphosis. Chemistry 2021; 27:1165-1218. [PMID: 32603015 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heteroarene-tethered functionalized alkynes are multipotent synthons in organic chemistry. This detailed Review described herein offers a thorough discussion of the metamorphosis of heteroarene-tethered functionalized alkynes, an area which has earned much attention over the past decade in the straightforward synthesis of architecturally complex heterocyclic scaffolds in atom and step economic manner. Depending upon the variety of functionalized alkynes, this Review is divided into multiple sections. Amongst the vast array of synthetic transformations covered, dearomatizing spirocyclizations and cascade spirocyclization/rearrangement are of great interest. Synthetic transformations involving the heteroarene-tethered functionalized alkynes with scope, challenges, limitations, mechanism, their application in the total synthesis of natural products and future perceptions are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Laboratory 212, Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Laboratory 212, Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
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8
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Zhang J, Xu W, Qu Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Song H, Wang Q. Visible-light-induced radical isocyanide insertion protocol for the synthesis of difluoromethylated spiro[indole-3,3'-quinoline] derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15212-15215. [PMID: 33227101 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first protocol for visible-light-induced radical isocyanide insertion reactions between 3-(2-isocyanobenzyl)-indoles and bromodifluoroacetates or bromodifluoroacetamides. The protocol, which has good functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope, constitutes an efficient and general route to difluoromethylated spiro[indole-3,3'-quinoline] derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Tian J, Chen Y, Vayer M, Djurovic A, Guillot R, Guermazi R, Dagorne S, Bour C, Gandon V. Exploring the Limits of π‐Acid Catalysis Using Strongly Electrophilic Main Group Metal Complexes: The Case of Zinc and Aluminium. Chemistry 2020; 26:12831-12838. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Tian
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Yan Chen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Marie Vayer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Alexandre Djurovic
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Refka Guermazi
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Samuel Dagorne
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau cedex France
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10
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Rajesh M, Kumar R, Puri S, Nanubolu JB, Reddy MS. Lewis-Acid-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Annulation of 2-Aminoindole-3-Carboxylate with Ynals Involving [3 + 2] Spirocycloaddition and 2,3-Aza Migration. Org Lett 2020; 22:1117-1123. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manda Rajesh
- Department of OSPC, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Maddi Sridhar Reddy
- Department of OSPC, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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11
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Artificial Force-Induced Reaction Method for Systematic Elucidation of Mechanism and Selectivity in Organometallic Reactions. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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