1
|
Andriotou D, Duval S, Volkringer C, Trivelli X, Shepard WE, Loiseau T. Structural Variety of Niobium(V) Polyoxo Clusters Obtained from the Reaction with Aromatic Monocarboxylic Acids: Isolation of {Nb 2 O}, {Nb 4 O 4 } and {Nb 8 O 12 } Cores. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201464. [PMID: 35866432 PMCID: PMC9804397 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of aryl monocarboxylic acids (benzoic, 1- or 2-naphtoic, 4'-methylbiphenyl-4-carboxylic, and anthracene-9-carboxylic acids) as complexing agents for the ethoxide niobium(V) (Nb(OEt)5 precursor has been investigated. A total of eight coordination complexes were isolated with distinct niobium(V) nuclearities as well as carboxylate complexation states. The use of benzoic acid gives a tetranuclear core Nb4 (μ2 -O)4 (L)4 (OEt)8 ] (L=benzoate (1)) with four Nb-(μ2 -O)-Nb linkages in a square plane configuration. A similar tetramer, 7, was obtained with 2-naphtoic acid by using a 55 % humid atmosphere synthetic route. Two types of dinuclear brick were identified with one central Nb-(μ2 -O)-Nb linkage; they differ in their complexation state, with one bridging carboxylate ([Nb2 (μ2 -O)(μ2 -OEt)(L)(OEt)6 ], with L=1-naphtoate (3) or anthracene-9-carboxylate (5)) or two bridging carboxylate groups ([Nb2 (μ2 -O)(L)2 (OEt)6 ], with L=4'-methylbiphenyl-4-carboxylic (4) or anthracene-9-carboxylate (6)). An octanuclear moiety [Nb8 (μ2 -O)12 (L)8 (η1 -L)4-x (OEt)4+x ] (with L=2-naphtoate, x=0 or 2; 8) was obtained by using a solvothermal route in acetonitrile; it has a cubic configuration with niobium centers at each node, linked by 12 μ2 -O groups. The formation of the niobium oxo clusters was characterized by infrared and liquid 1 H NMR spectroscopy in order to analyze the esterification reaction, which induces the release of water molecules that further react through oxolation with niobium atoms, in different {Nb2 O}, {Nb4 O4 } and {Nb8 O12 } nuclearities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Andriotou
- Centrale LilleUniv. ArtoisUMR CNRS 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du SolideUniversité de Lille59000LilleFrance
| | - Sylvain Duval
- Centrale LilleUniv. ArtoisUMR CNRS 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du SolideUniversité de Lille59000LilleFrance
| | - Christophe Volkringer
- Centrale LilleUniv. ArtoisUMR CNRS 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du SolideUniversité de Lille59000LilleFrance
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- CNRS, INRAE, Centrale LilleUniv. ArtoisFR 2638 – IMEC – Institut Michel-Eugène ChevreulUniversité de Lille59000LilleFrance
| | - William E. Shepard
- Synchrotron SOLEILL'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin B.P. 4891192Gif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Thierry Loiseau
- Centrale LilleUniv. ArtoisUMR CNRS 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du SolideUniversité de Lille59000LilleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Andriotou D, Duval S, Volkringer C, Arevalo-Lopez AM, Simon P, Vezin H, Loiseau T. Crystalline Molecular Assemblies of Complexes Showing Eightfold Coordinated Niobium(IV) Dodecahedral Geometry in the Pyridine-Dicarboxylic Acid System. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15346-15358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Andriotou
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) − UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d’Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Duval
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) − UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d’Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Volkringer
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) − UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d’Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Angel M. Arevalo-Lopez
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) − UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d’Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pardis Simon
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) − UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d’Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hervé Vezin
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité & l’Environnement (LASIRE) − UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Loiseau
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) − UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d’Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Metal-organic framework-based single-atom catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Andriotou D, Duval S, Trivelli X, Volkringer C, Loiseau T. Molecular niobium( v) complexes with mononuclear {Nb 1} and dinuclear oxo species {Nb 2O} connected through aryl di- or tetra-carboxylate linker. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Di- or tetracarboxylic acid ligands were used to isolate molecular coordination complexes containing the association of several mononuclear {Nb1} moiety and dinuclear {Nb2O} niobium(v) polyoxo clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Andriotou
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) – UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Duval
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) – UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 – IMEC – Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Christophe Volkringer
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) – UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Loiseau
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) – UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li H, Wang Y, Xu Z. Reversible mechanochoromic studies on AIE-inspired Smart materials and applications on HCHO sensing. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6332-6338. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00264g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Smart fluorescent materials that respond to external stimuli have received more and more attention because of their excellent optical properties in the field of anti-counterfeiting information security and fluorescent sensing....
Collapse
|
6
|
Oppenheim JJ, Bagi S, Chen T, Sun C, Yang L, Müller P, Román-Leshkov Y, Dincă M. Isolation of a Side-On V(III)-(η 2-O 2) through the Intermediacy of a Low-Valent V(II) in a Metal-Organic Framework. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18205-18210. [PMID: 34813329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the isolation of vanadium(II) in a metal-organic framework (MOF) by the reaction of the chloride-capped secondary building unit in the all-vanadium(III) V-MIL-101 (1) with 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-dihydropyrazine. The reduced material, 2, has a secondary building unit with the formal composition [VIIV2III], with each metal ion presenting one open coordination site. Subsequent reaction with O2 yields a side-on η2 vanadium-superoxo species, 3. The MOF featuring V(III)-superoxo moieties exhibits a mild enhancement in the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption for methane compared to the parent V-MIL-101. We present this synthetic methodology as a potentially broad way to access low-valent open metal sites within MOFs without causing a loss of crystallinity or porosity. The low-valent sites can serve as isolable intermediates to access species otherwise inaccessible by direct synthesis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ezazi AA, Gao W, Powers DC. Leveraging Exchange Kinetics for the Synthesis of Atomically Precise Porous Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202002034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Ezazi
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas TX 77843 USA
| | - Wen‐Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas TX 77843 USA
- Department of Chemistry New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM 87801 USA
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas TX 77843 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
New Solids in As-O-Mo, As(P)-O-Mo(W) and As(P)-O-Nb(W) Systems That Exhibit Nonlinear Optical Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051494. [PMID: 33803443 PMCID: PMC7967165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between well-mixed fine powders of As2O3, P2O5, MoO3, WO3 and Nb2O5 at different stoichiometry in quartz ampoules under vacuum at ~1000 °C in the presence of metallic molybdenum (or niobium), over several weeks, led to shiny dichroic crystalline materials being formed in cooler parts of the reaction vessel. An addition of small quantities of metals-Mo or Nb-was made with the aim of partially reducing their highly oxidized Mo(VI), W(VI) or Nb(V) species to corresponding Mo(V), W(V) and Nb(IV) centers, in order to form mixed valence solids. Sublimed crystals of four new compounds were investigated using a variety of techniques, with prime emphasis on the X-ray analysis, followed by spectroscopy (diffusion reflectance, IR, Raman and EPR), second harmonic generation (SHG), thermal analysis under N2 and air atmosphere, and single crystals electrical conductivity studies. The results evidenced the formation of new complex solids of previously unknown compositions and structures. Three out of four compounds crystallized in non-centrosymmetric space groups and represent layered 2D polymeric puckered structures that being stacked on each other form 3D lattices. All new solids exhibit strong second-harmonic-generation (SHG effect; based on YAG 1064 nm tests with detection of 532 nm photons), and a rare photosalient effect when crystals physically move in the laser beam. Single crystals' electrical conductivity of the four new synthesized compounds was measured, and the results showed their semiconductor behavior. Values of band gaps of these new solids were determined using diffusion reflectance spectroscopy in the visible region. Aspects of new solids' practical usefulness are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Structural Characterization of a High‐Nuclearity Niobium(V) Carboxylate Cluster Based on Pivalic Acid. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
Parkash A. Incorporation of Pt-Cr nanoparticles into highly porous MOF-5 as efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:445403. [PMID: 32702680 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba8bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing new materials that can enhance the efficiency of energy conversion and storage systems is critical to meeting the rising energy demand of low-carbon economies. Mesoporous materials have the advantages of large specific surface area and multiple channels, which can increase efficiency and flexibility in terms of energy and power density. An active catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) based on Pt-Cr nanoparticles with ultralow Pt content (0.90 wt%) has been studied in this paper. In contrast, electrocatalyst Pt/Cr/NPC-900 exhibited an ORR activity with onset potential (E o) of 1.01 V vs. RHE in an alkaline solution that was superior to commercial Pt/C (20 wt%) (0.96 V vs. RHE). The presence of metal oxides and optimal Pt content enhanced the ORR activity. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the high surface area increased charge transfer, and excellent structural stability can achieve significant ORR efficiency, which is conducive to excellent activity. These findings provide a new perspective for economical and practical ORR electrocatalysts to be designed and synthesized rationally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Parkash
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Chang'an West Street 620, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang D, Babucci M, Casey WH, Gates BC. The Surface Chemistry of Metal Oxide Clusters: From Metal-Organic Frameworks to Minerals. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1523-1533. [PMID: 32999927 PMCID: PMC7517122 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporate nodes that are small metal oxide clusters. Some of these MOFs are stable at high temperatures, offering good prospects as catalysts-prospects that focus attention on their defect sites and reactivities-all part of a broader subject: the surface chemistry of metal oxide clusters, illustrated here for MOF nodes and for polyoxocations and polyoxoanions. Ligands on MOF defect sites form during synthesis and are central to the understanding and control of MOF reactivity. Reactions of alcohols are illustrative probes of Zr6O8 node defects in UiO-66, characterized by the interconversions of formate, methoxy, hydroxy, and linker carboxylate ligands and by catalysis of alcohol dehydration reactions. We posit that new reactivities of MOF nodes will emerge from incorporation of a wide range of groups on their surfaces and from targeted substitutions of metals within them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21000, China
| | - Melike Babucci
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - William H. Casey
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce C. Gates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mancuso JL, Mroz AM, Le KN, Hendon CH. Electronic Structure Modeling of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chem Rev 2020; 120:8641-8715. [PMID: 32672939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their molecular building blocks, yet highly crystalline nature, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) sit at the interface between molecule and material. Their diverse structures and compositions enable them to be useful materials as catalysts in heterogeneous reactions, electrical conductors in energy storage and transfer applications, chromophores in photoenabled chemical transformations, and beyond. In all cases, density functional theory (DFT) and higher-level methods for electronic structure determination provide valuable quantitative information about the electronic properties that underpin the functions of these frameworks. However, there are only two general modeling approaches in conventional electronic structure software packages: those that treat materials as extended, periodic solids, and those that treat materials as discrete molecules. Each approach has features and benefits; both have been widely employed to understand the emergent chemistry that arises from the formation of the metal-organic interface. This Review canvases these approaches to date, with emphasis placed on the application of electronic structure theory to explore reactivity and electron transfer using periodic, molecular, and embedded models. This includes (i) computational chemistry considerations such as how functional, k-grid, and other model variables are selected to enable insights into MOF properties, (ii) extended solid models that treat MOFs as materials rather than molecules, (iii) the mechanics of cluster extraction and subsequent chemistry enabled by these molecular models, (iv) catalytic studies using both solids and clusters thereof, and (v) embedded, mixed-method approaches, which simulate a fraction of the material using one level of theory and the remainder of the material using another dissimilar theoretical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Mancuso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97405, United States
| | - Austin M Mroz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97405, United States
| | - Khoa N Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97405, United States
| | - Christopher H Hendon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ziebel ME, Ondry JC, Long JR. Two-dimensional, conductive niobium and molybdenum metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6690-6700. [PMID: 32953030 PMCID: PMC7481840 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of second-row transition metals into metal-organic frameworks could greatly improve the performance of these materials across a wide variety of applications due to the enhanced covalency, redox activity, and spin-orbit coupling of late-row metals relative to their first-row analogues. Thus far, however, the synthesis of such materials has been limited to a small number of metals and structural motifs. Here, we report the syntheses of the two-dimensional metal-organic framework materials (H2NMe2)2Nb2(Cl2dhbq)3 and Mo2(Cl2dhbq)3 (H2Cl2dhbq = 3,6-dichloro-2,5-dihydroxybenzoquinone), which feature mononuclear niobium or molybdenum metal nodes and are formed through reactions driven by metal-to-ligand electron transfer. Characterization of these materials via X-ray absorption spectroscopy suggests a local trigonal prismatic coordination geometry for both niobium and molybdenum, consistent with their increased covalency relative to related first-row transition metal compounds. A combination of vibrational spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and electronic conductivity measurements reveal that these two frameworks possess distinct electronic structures. In particular, while the niobium compound displays evidence for redox-trapping and strong magnetic interactions, the molybdenum phase is valence-delocalized with evidence of large polaron formation. Weak interlayer interactions in the neutral molybdenum phase enable solvent-assisted exfoliation to yield few-layer hexagonal nanosheets. Together, these results represent the first syntheses of metal-organic frameworks containing mononuclear niobium and molybdenum nodes, establishing a route to frameworks incorporating a more diverse range of second- and third-row transition metals with increased covalency and the potential for improved charge transport and stronger magnetic coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ziebel
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei YS, Zhang M, Zou R, Xu Q. Metal-Organic Framework-Based Catalysts with Single Metal Sites. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12089-12174. [PMID: 32356657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of distinctive porous crystalline materials constructed by metal ions/clusters and organic linkers. Owing to their structural diversity, functional adjustability, and high surface area, different types of MOF-based single metal sites are well exploited, including coordinately unsaturated metal sites from metal nodes and metallolinkers, as well as active metal species immobilized to MOFs. Furthermore, controllable thermal transformation of MOFs can upgrade them to nanomaterials functionalized with active single-atom catalysts (SACs). These unique features of MOFs and their derivatives enable them to serve as a highly versatile platform for catalysis, which has actually been becoming a rapidly developing interdisciplinary research area. In this review, we overview the recent developments of catalysis at single metal sites in MOF-based materials with emphasis on their structures and applications for thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. We also compare the results and summarize the major insights gained from the works in this review, providing the challenges and prospects in this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Wei
- AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory (ChEM-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mei Zhang
- AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory (ChEM-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory (ChEM-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|