1
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Iyer KS, Dismuke Rodriguez KB, Lammert RM, Yirak JR, Saunders JM, Kavthe RD, Aue DH, Lipshutz BH. Rapid Aminations of Functionalized Aryl Fluorosulfates in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202411295. [PMID: 39034288 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Aryl fluorosulfates of varying complexities have been used in amination reactions in water using a new Pd oxidative addition complex (OAC-1) developed specifically to match the needs of the fine chemicals industry, not only in terms of functional group tolerance, but also reflecting time considerations associated with these important C-N couplings. Also especially noteworthy is that they replace both PFAS-related triflates and nonaflates, which are today out of favor due to recent government regulations. The new complex based on the BippyPhos ligand is used at low loadings and under aqueous micellar conditions. Moreover, it is easily prepared and stable to long term storage. DFT calculations on the OAC precatalyst compare well with the X-ray structure of the crystals with π-complexation to the aromatic system of the ligand and also confirm the NMR data showing a mixture of conformers in solution that differ from the X-ray structure in rotation of the phenyl and t-butyl ligand substituents. An extensive variety of coupling partners, including pharmaceutically relevant APIs, readily participate under mild and environmentally responsible reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Robert M Lammert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jordan R Yirak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - John M Saunders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Rahul D Kavthe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Donald H Aue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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2
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Luescher MU, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. The impact of earth-abundant metals as a replacement for Pd in cross coupling reactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9016-9025. [PMID: 38903222 PMCID: PMC11186335 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00482e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Substitution of one metal catalyst for another is not as straightforward as simply justifying this change based on the availability and/or cost of the metals. Methodologies to properly assess options for reaction design, including multiple factors like a metal's availability, cost, or environmental indicators have not advanced at the pace needed, leaving decisions to be made along these lines more challenging. Isolated indicators can lead to conclusions being made in too hasty a fashion. Therefore, an extensive life cycle-like assessment was performed documenting that the commonly held view that methods using earth-abundant metals (and in this case study, Ni) are inherently green replacements for methods using palladium in cross-coupling reactions, and Suzuki-Miyaura couplings, in particular, is an incomplete analysis of the entire picture. This notion can be misleading, and unfortunately derives mainly from the standpoint of price, and to some degree, relative natural abundance associated with the impact of mining of each metal. A more accurate picture emerges when several additional reaction parameters involved in the compared couplings are considered. The analysis points to the major impact that use of organic solvents has in these couplings, while the metals themselves actually play subordinate roles in terms of CO2-release into the environment and hence, the overall carbon footprint (i.e., climate change). The conclusion is that a far more detailed analysis is required than that typically being utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael U Luescher
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG Postfach CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG Postfach CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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3
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Iyer K, Kavthe RD, Lammert RM, Yirak JR, Lipshutz BH. Ligated Pd-Catalyzed Aminations of Aryl/Heteroaryl Halides with Aliphatic Amines under Sustainable Aqueous Micellar Conditions. JACS AU 2024; 4:680-689. [PMID: 38425930 PMCID: PMC10900223 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable technology for constructing Pd-catalyzed C-N bonds involving aliphatic amines is reported. A catalytic system that relies on low levels of recyclable precious metal, a known and commercially available ligand, and a recyclable aqueous medium are combined, leading to a newly developed procedure. This new technology can be used in ocean water with equal effectiveness. Applications involving highly challenging reaction partners constituting late-stage functionalization are documented, as is a short but efficient synthesis of the drug naftopidil. Comparisons with existing aminations highlight the many advances being offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert M. Lammert
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jordan R. Yirak
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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4
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Pei X, Song W. CO 2-Triggered Hierarchical-Pore UiO-66-Based Pickering Emulsions for Efficient and Recyclable Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling in Biphasic Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15046-15054. [PMID: 37812683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical-pore metal-organic frameworks (H-MOFs) are considered to be emerging stabilizers for Pickering emulsion formation because of their hierarchically arranged pores, tailorable structures, and ultrahigh surface areas. However, stimulus-triggered Pickering emulsions built by H-MOFs have been seldom presented to date despite their great significance in diverse applications. Herein, by grafting Pd(OAc)2 on the hierarchical-pore zirconium MOF UiO-66, namely, H-UiO-66, with the aid of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-cyanopyrrolide salts ([CnMIM][2-CN-Pyr], n = 4, 6, and 8), a series of Pd(OAc)2-[CnMIM][2-CN-Pyr]@H-UiO-66 have been developed and utilized as emulsifiers for constructing CO2-switching Pickering emulsions. It was found that Pd(OAc)2-[CnMIM][2-CN-Pyr]@H-UiO-66 was able to stabilize the n-hexane-water mixture to form a Pickering emulsion even at an amount of 0.5 wt %. Upon alternate addition of CO2 and N2 at normal pressure, Pickering emulsions could be smartly converted between demulsification and re-emulsification. Through combining varieties of spectroscopic techniques, the mechanism of the switchable phase transformation lay in the acid-base reaction of ionic liquids with CO2 on H-UiO-66 and the creation of more hydrophilic salts, which reduced the wettability of the emulsifier and destabilized the emulsion. As an example of application, the stimulus-triggered Pickering emulsion was employed as a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling microreactor to achieve the combination of chemical reactions, isolation of products, and recovery of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P. R. China
| | - Wangyue Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P. R. China
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5
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Singhania V, Nelson CB, Reamey M, Morin E, Kavthe RD, Lipshutz BH. A Streamlined, Green, and Sustainable Synthesis of the Anticancer Agent Erdafitinib. Org Lett 2023; 25:4308-4312. [PMID: 37278485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Erdafitinib, an anticancer drug, was synthesized in a three-step two-pot sequence involving ppm levels of Pd catalyst run under aqueous micellar conditions enabled by a biodegradable surfactant. This process features both pot- and time-economies and eliminates egregious organic solvents and toxic reagents associated with existing routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Singhania
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Chandler B Nelson
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Maya Reamey
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Emile Morin
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rahul D Kavthe
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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6
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Lu Y, Huang X, Wang S, Li B, Liu B. Nanoconfinement-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence for in Situ Imaging of Single Biomolecules. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3809-3817. [PMID: 36800173 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct imaging of electrochemical reactions at the single-molecule level is of potential interest in materials, diagnostic, and catalysis applications. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) offers the opportunity to convert redox events into photons. However, it is challenging to capture single photons emitted from a single-molecule ECL reaction at a specific location, thus limiting high-quality imaging applications. We developed the nanoreactors based on Ru(bpy)32+-doped nanoporous zeolite nanoparticles (Ru@zeolite) for direct visualization of nanoconfinement-enhanced ECL reactions. Each nanoreactor not only acts as a matrix to host Ru(bpy)32+ molecules but also provides a nanoconfined environment for the collision reactions of Ru(bpy)32+ and co-reactant radicals to realize efficient in situ ECL reactions. The nanoscale confinement resulted in enhanced ECL. Using such nanoreactors as ECL probes, a dual-signal sensing protocol for visual tracking of a single biomolecule was performed. High-resolution imaging of single membrane proteins on heterogeneous cells was effectively addressed with near-zero backgrounds. This could provide a more sensitive tool for imaging individual biomolecules and significantly advance ECL imaging in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Binxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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7
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Kincaid JA, Wong MJ, Akporji N, Gallou F, Fialho DM, Lipshutz BH. Introducing Savie: A Biodegradable Surfactant Enabling Chemo- and Biocatalysis and Related Reactions in Recyclable Water. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4266-4278. [PMID: 36753354 PMCID: PMC9951251 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Savie is a biodegradable surfactant derived from vitamin E and polysarcosine (PSar) developed for use in organic synthesis in recyclable water. This includes homogeneous catalysis (including examples employing only ppm levels of catalyst), heterogeneous catalysis, and biocatalytic transformations, including a multistep chemoenzymatic sequence. Use of Savie frequently leads to significantly higher yields than do conventional surfactants, while obviating the need for waste-generating organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph
R. A. Kincaid
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Madison J. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nnamdi Akporji
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - David M. Fialho
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
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8
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Mattiello S, Ghiglietti E, Zucchi A, Beverina L. Selectivity in micellar catalysed reactions. The role of interfacial dipole, compartmentalisation, and specific interactions with the surfactants. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2023.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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9
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Catalysis and inhibition of ester hydrolysis by encapsulation in micelles derived from designer surfactant TPGS-750-M. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Firsan S, Sivakumar V, Colacot TJ. Emerging Trends in Cross-Coupling: Twelve-Electron-Based L 1Pd(0) Catalysts, Their Mechanism of Action, and Selected Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16983-17027. [PMID: 36190916 PMCID: PMC9756297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Monoligated palladium(0) species, L1Pd(0), have emerged as the most active catalytic species in the cross-coupling cycle. Today, there are methods available to generate the highly active but unstable L1Pd(0) catalysts from stable precatalysts. While the size of the ligand plays an important role in the formation of L1Pd(0) during in situ catalysis, the latter can be precisely generated from the precatalyst by various technologies. Computational, kinetic, and experimental studies indicate that all three steps in the catalytic cycle─oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination─contain monoligated Pd. The synthesis of precatalysts, their mode of activation, application studies in model systems, as well as in industry are discussed. Ligand parametrization and AI based data science can potentially help predict the facile formation of L1Pd(0) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharbil
J. Firsan
- Science
and Lab Solutions−Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 North Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53209, United States
| | - Vilvanathan Sivakumar
- Merck
Life Science Pvt Ltd, No-12, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Industrial Area, Bangalore560100, India
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Science
and Lab Solutions−Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 North Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53209, United States
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11
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Abstract
Chemoenzymatic catalysis, by definition, involves the merging of sequential reactions using both chemocatalysis and biocatalysis, typically in a single reaction vessel. A major challenge, the solution to which, however, is associated with numerous advantages, is to run such one-pot processes in water: the majority of enzyme-catalyzed processes take place in water as Nature's reaction medium, thus enabling a broad synthetic diversity when using water due to the option to use virtually all types of enzymes. Furthermore, water is cheap, abundantly available, and environmentally friendly, thus making it, in principle, an ideal reaction medium. On the other hand, most chemocatalysis is routinely performed today in organic solvents (which might deactivate enzymes), thus appearing to make it difficult to combine such reactions with biocatalysis toward one-pot cascades in water. Several creative approaches and solutions that enable such combinations of chemo- and biocatalysis in water to be realized and applied to synthetic problems are presented herein, reflecting the state-of-the-art in this blossoming field. Coverage has been sectioned into three parts, after introductory remarks: (1) Chapter 2 focuses on historical developments that initiated this area of research; (2) Chapter 3 describes key developments post-initial discoveries that have advanced this field; and (3) Chapter 4 highlights the latest achievements that provide attractive solutions to the main question of compatibility between biocatalysis (used predominantly in aqueous media) and chemocatalysis (that remains predominantly performed in organic solvents), both Chapters covering mainly literature from ca. 2018 to the present. Chapters 5 and 6 provide a brief overview as to where the field stands, the challenges that lie ahead, and ultimately, the prognosis looking toward the future of chemoenzymatic catalysis in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
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12
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Horbaczewskyj CS, Fairlamb IJS. Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings: On the Importance of the Catalyst Quantity Descriptors, mol % and ppm. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2240-2269. [PMID: 36032362 PMCID: PMC9396667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This Review examines parts per million (ppm) palladium
concentrations
in catalytic cross-coupling reactions and their relationship with
mole percentage (mol %). Most studies in catalytic cross-coupling
chemistry have historically focused on the concentration ratio between
(pre)catalyst and the limiting reagent (substrate), expressed as mol
%. Several recent papers have outlined the use of “ppm level”
palladium as an alternative means of describing catalytic cross-coupling
reaction systems. This led us to delve deeper into the literature
to assess whether “ppm level” palladium is a practically
useful descriptor of catalyst quantities in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling
reactions. Indeed, we conjectured that many reactions could, unknowingly,
have employed low “ppm levels” of palladium (pre)catalyst,
and generally, what would the spread of ppm palladium look like across
a selection of studies reported across the vast array of the cross-coupling
chemistry literature. In a few selected examples, we have examined
other metal catalyst systems for comparison with palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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13
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Adamik R, Buchholcz B, Darvas F, Sipos G, Novák Z. The Potential of Micellar Media in the Synthesis of DNA-Encoded Libraries. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103967. [PMID: 35019168 PMCID: PMC9305553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA‐encoded library (DEL) technology has become widely used in drug discovery research. The construction of DELs requires robust organic transformations that proceed in aqueous media under mild conditions. Unfortunately, the application of water as reaction medium for organic synthesis is not evident due to the generally limited solubility of organic reagents. However, the use of surfactants can offer a solution to this issue. Oil‐in‐water microemulsions formed by surfactant micelles are able to localize hydrophobic reagents inside them, resulting in high local concentrations of the organic substances in an otherwise poorly solvated environment. This review provides a conceptual and critical summary of micellar synthesis possibilities that are well suited to DEL synthesis. Existing examples of micellar DEL approaches, together with a selection of micellar organic transformations fundamentally suitable for DEL are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Adamik
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Darvas
- Innostudio Inc., Záhony u. 7, 1031, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Novák
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Ceriani C, Pallini F, Mezzomo L, Sassi M, Mattiello S, Beverina L. Micellar catalysis beyond the hydrophobic effect: Efficient palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of water and organic solvent insoluble pigments with food grade surfactants. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Steinsoultz P, Bailly A, Wagner P, Oliva E, Schmitt M, Grimaud L, Bihel F. In Situ Formation of Cationic π-Allylpalladium Precatalysts in Alcoholic Solvents: Application to C–N Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Steinsoultz
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Médalis, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg (IMS), Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- Laboratoire de Biomolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Médalis, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg (IMS), Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Estefania Oliva
- Plateforme d’Analyse Chimique de Strasbourg-Illkirch, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Martine Schmitt
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Médalis, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg (IMS), Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire de Biomolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Médalis, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg (IMS), Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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16
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Graham JS, Hunter JH, Waring MJ. Micellar Buchwald-Hartwig Coupling of Aryl and Heteroarylamines for the Synthesis of DNA-Encoded Libraries. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17257-17264. [PMID: 34788051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries are a very efficient means of identifying ligands for protein targets in high throughput. To fully maximize their use, it is essential to be able to carry out efficient reactions on DNA-conjugated substrates. Arylamines are privileged motifs in druglike molecules, and methods for their incorporation into DNA-encoded libraries are highly desirable. One of the preferred methods for their preparation, the Buchwald-Hartwig coupling, does not perform well on DNA conjugates using current approaches. We report the application of our recently developed micellar technology for on-DNA chemistry to the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction. Optimization of conditions led to a robust, high-yielding method for the synthesis of DNA-conjugated aryl and heteroarylamines, which is broad in substrate scope for both the arylamine and the DNA-conjugated aryl halide and is fully compatible with DNA-encoding and decoding procedures. This method will enable the preparation of diverse, high-fidelity libraries of biarylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Graham
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - James H Hunter
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Michael J Waring
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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17
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On the important transition of sugar-based surfactant as a microreactor for C-S coupling in water: From micelle to vesicle. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Lin W, Zhang L, Ma Y, Liang T, Sun W. Sterically enhanced 2‐iminopyridylpalladium chlorides as recyclable ppm‐palladium catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling in aqueous solution. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Lin
- School of Textiles Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Liping Zhang
- School of Textiles Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tongling Liang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wen‐Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
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19
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Buchwald–Hartwig reaction: an update. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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“TPG-lite”: A new, simplified “designer” surfactant for general use in synthesis under micellar catalysis conditions in recyclable water. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Lipshutz BH. Illuminating a Path4914. Copyright 2016 Wiley for Organic Synthesis Towards Sustainability. No One Said It Would Be Easy…. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA personalized account is presented describing some of the stories behind the scenes in efforts to convert organic chemistry into a more sustainable discipline. These are part of a group ‘crusade’ started almost 15 years ago aimed at providing technologies illustrative of how key reactions used today can be ‘faster, better, cheaper’ when run in recyclable water. Hence, the option now exists to do organic synthesis in a far more environmentally responsible fashion. By contrast, most of organic chemistry developed over the past 200 years that relies on organic solvents continues to generate enormous amounts of pollution, while depleting finite petroleum reserves and our supplies of many precious and base metals. Making the switch to water, Nature’s chosen reaction medium, akin to that in which bio-catalysis is typically performed, is inevitable.1 The Story Begins: A Different Type of Prejudice2 Are We up to the Challenge? Too Late Now…3 ‘Impossible’ Reactive Metal Chemistry in Water4 Didn’t I Once Say: ‘It’s All about the Ligand’?5 What Happens When Our Supply of Palladium Runs Out?6 What Are the Implications from These Tales for Today and Tomorrow?7 What Is the ‘Broader Impact’ of This Work?8 The Bottom Line…
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22
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Takale BS, Thakore RR, Casotti G, Li X, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Mild and Robust Stille Reactions in Water using Parts Per Million Levels of a Triphenylphosphine-Based Palladacycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4158-4163. [PMID: 33180988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An inexpensive and new triphenylphosphine-based palladacycle has been developed as a pre-catalyst, leading to highly effective Stille cross-coupling reactions in water under mild reaction conditions. Only 500-1000 ppm of Pd suffices for couplings involving a variety of aryl/heteroaryl halides with aryl/hetaryl stannanes. Several drug intermediates can be prepared using this catalyst in aqueous nanoreactors formed by 2 wt % Brij-30 in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram S Takale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ruchita R Thakore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Gianluca Casotti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universitá di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Xaiohan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | | | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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23
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Cortes-Clerget M, Yu J, Kincaid JRA, Walde P, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Water as the reaction medium in organic chemistry: from our worst enemy to our best friend. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4237-4266. [PMID: 34163692 PMCID: PMC8179471 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A review presenting water as the logical reaction medium for the future of organic chemistry. A discussion is offered that covers both the "on water" and "in water" phenomena, and how water is playing unique roles in each, specifically with regard to its use in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Joseph R A Kincaid
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development Novartis Pharma AG 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
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24
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Takale BS, Thakore RR, Casotti G, Li X, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Mild and Robust Stille Reactions in Water using Parts Per Million Levels of a Triphenylphosphine‐Based Palladacycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaram S. Takale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Ruchita R. Thakore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Gianluca Casotti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Universitá di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Xaiohan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | | | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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25
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Zhao L, Yang H, Li R, Tao Y, Guo XF, Anderson EA, Whiting A, Wu N. Synthesis of Sulfonamide-Based Ynamides and Ynamines in Water. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1938-1947. [PMID: 33356269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ynamides, though relatively more stable than ynamines, are still moisture-sensitive and prone to hydration especially under acidic and heating conditions. Here we report an environmentally benign, robust protocol to synthesize sulfonamide-based ynamides and arylynamines via Sonogashira coupling reactions in water, using a readily available quaternary ammonium salt as the surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hongyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ruikun Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Guo
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Na Wu
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K
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26
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Thakore RR, Takale BS, Singhania V, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Late‐stage Pd‐catalyzed Cyanations of Aryl/Heteroaryl Halides in Aqueous Micellar Media. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita R. Thakore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA-93106 USA
| | - Balaram S. Takale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA-93106 USA
| | - Vani Singhania
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA-93106 USA
| | | | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA-93106 USA
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27
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Shivhare A, Hunns JA, Durndell LJ, Parlett CMA, Isaacs MA, Lee AF, Wilson K. Metal-Acid Synergy: Hydrodeoxygenation of Anisole over Pt/Al-SBA-15. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4945-4953. [PMID: 32449298 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a promising technology to upgrade fast pyrolysis bio-oils but it requires active and selective catalysts. Here we explore the synergy between the metal and acid sites in the HDO of anisole, a model pyrolysis bio-oil compound, over mono- and bi-functional Pt/(Al)-SBA-15 catalysts. Ring hydrogenation of anisole to methoxycyclohexane occurs over metal sites and is structure sensitive; it is favored over small (4 nm) Pt nanoparticles, which confer a turnover frequency (TOF) of approximately 2000 h-1 and a methoxycyclohexane selectivity of approximately 90 % at 200 °C and 20 bar H2 ; in contrast, the formation of benzene and the desired cyclohexane product appears to be structure insensitive. The introduction of acidity to the SBA-15 support promotes the demethyoxylation of the methoxycyclohexane intermediate, which increases the selectivity to cyclohexane from 15 to 92 % and the cyclohexane productivity by two orders of magnitude (from 15 to 6500 mmol gPt -1 h-1 ). Optimization of the metal-acid synergy confers an 865-fold increase in the cyclohexane production per gram of Pt and a 28-fold reduction in precious metal loading. These findings demonstrate that tuning the metal-acid synergy provides a strategy to direct complex catalytic reaction networks and minimize precious metal use in the production of bio-fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atal Shivhare
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - James A Hunns
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Lee J Durndell
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Christopher M A Parlett
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
- Spectroscopy Village, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Mark A Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- HarwellXPS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Adam F Lee
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Karen Wilson
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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28
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Thakore RR, Takale BS, Casotti G, Gao ES, Jin HS, Lipshutz BH. Chemoselective Reductive Aminations in Aqueous Nanoreactors Using Parts per Million Level Pd/C Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6324-6329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita R. Thakore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Balaram S. Takale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Gianluca Casotti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universitá di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugene S. Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Princeton International School of Mathematics and Science, 19 Lambert Drive, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Henry S. Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- St. George’s School, 4175 W. 29th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V6S 1V1, Canada
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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29
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Takale BS, Thakore RR, Irvine NM, Schuitman AD, Li X, Lipshutz BH. Sustainable and Cost-Effective Suzuki-Miyaura Couplings toward the Key Biaryl Subunits of Arylex and Rinskor Active. Org Lett 2020; 22:4823-4827. [PMID: 32521158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Challenging Suzuki-Miyaura cross couplings associated with novel crop protection active ingredients from Corteva Agriscience, Arylex and Rinskor, can be performed in water using parts per million (ppm) levels of a Pd catalyst. Each coupling required a distinct set of reaction conditions to achieve maximum selectivities and chemical yields. By way of comparison, this chemistry is not only performed under environmentally responsible aqueous micellar conditions, but also involves lowering loadings (3-5 times) of endangered palladium than used previously to attain a more sustainable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram S Takale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ruchita R Thakore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nicholas M Irvine
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Abraham D Schuitman
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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30
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Zeng WJ, Wang K, Liang WB, Chai YQ, Yuan R, Zhuo Y. Covalent organic frameworks as micro-reactors: confinement-enhanced electrochemiluminescence. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5410-5414. [PMID: 34094067 PMCID: PMC8159293 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) micro-reactors with enhanced intensity and extreme stability were first established by the assembly of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(ii) (Ru(bpy)32+) onto covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in which a type of imine-linked COF (denoted as COF-LZU1) was employed as a model for ECL micro-reactors. Compared with the dominant ECL system of Ru(bpy)32+/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) (TPrA as a co-reactant), the intensity of the COF-LZU1 micro-reactor-based electrode was significantly increased nearly 5-fold under the same experimental conditions, which is unprecedented in other Ru(bpy)32+-based ECL systems. This enhancement can be attributed to the large surface area, delimited space, and stable and hydrophobic porous structure of COF-LZU1, which not only enabled a huge amount of Ru(bpy)32+ to be loaded in/on COF-LZU1, but also enriched a large amount of TPrA from the aqueous solution into its inner hydrophobic cavity due to the lipophilicity of TPrA. More importantly, with its hydrophobic porous nanochannels, COF-LZU1 could act as micro-reactors to provide a delimited reaction micro-environment for the electrochemical oxidation of TPrA and the survival of TPrA˙, achieving significant confinement-enhanced ECL. To prove this principle, these Ru@COF-LZU1 micro-reactors were developed to prepare an ECL aptasensor for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) detection with a wide detection range and a low detection limit. Overall, this work is the first report in which ECL micro-reactors are constructed with COFs to enhance the intensity and stability of the Ru(bpy)32+-based ECL system, and opens a new route to the design of other ECL micro-reactors for bioanalysis applications. The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) micro-reactors with enhanced intensity and extreme stability were firstly established, unravelling the mechanism of ECL micro-reactors using COF-LZU1 assembled Ru(bpy)32+ as a case study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zeng
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China .,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Kun Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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31
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Thakore RR, Takale BS, Gallou F, Reilly J, Lipshutz BH. N,C-Disubstituted Biarylpalladacycles as Precatalysts for ppm Pd-Catalyzed Cross Couplings in Water under Mild Conditions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita R. Thakore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Balaram S. Takale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - John Reilly
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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