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Li D, Liu Y, Fadiji T, Li Z, Okasha M. Analysis of the correlation between mesocarp biomechanics and its cell turgor pressure: A combined
FEM‐DEM
investigation for irrigation‐caused tomato cracking. J Texture Stud 2022; 54:206-221. [PMID: 36116087 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fruit mesocarp cracking caused by improper irrigation during development manifests at the macroscale but is ultimately the result of increasing cell turgor pressure at the microscale. Hence, a cell finite element (FE) model including shape, protoplast turgor pressure, and ripening information and a mesocarp tissue block discrete element (DE) model including the features of cell shape and number, were developed to predict the biomechanical correlation between mesocarp and its cell. The validated cell FE model with an internal turgor pressure of 12.9 kPa could reproduce the experimental force-deformation behavior of a single cell in compression up to 11% deformation with an average relative error of 5.8%. The validated mesocarp tissue block DE model could reproduce the experimental force-deformation behavior of a mesocarp block in compression up to 20% deformation with an average relative error of 9.5%. Sensitivity and regression analysis showed that turgor pressure was the most important factor affecting cell biomechanics, followed by cell shape and wall elastic modulus. Similarly, the apparent elastic modulus of the cells has the most significant effect on the mesocarp tissue biomechanics, followed by the number and shape of cells. Finally, a mathematical model was obtained to quantitatively describe the relationship between the elastic modulus of the mesocarp and its cell turgor pressure. This study contributes to a better understanding of the biomechanical mechanisms of irrigation-caused tomato fruit cracking at the cellular level and the development of strategies to prevent fruit cracking through a combination of gene breeding and irrigation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Tobi Fadiji
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Zhiguo Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Mahmoud Okasha
- Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI) , Agricultural Research Center (ARC) Giza Egypt
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Lin M, Fawole OA, Saeys W, Wu D, Wang J, Opara UL, Nicolai B, Chen K. Mechanical damages and packaging methods along the fresh fruit supply chain: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10283-10302. [PMID: 35647708 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical damage of fresh fruit occurs throughout the postharvest supply chain leading to poor consumer acceptance and marketability. In this review, the mechanisms of damage development are discussed first. Mathematical modeling provides advanced ways to describe and predict the deformation of fruit with arbitrary geometry, which is important to understand their mechanical responses to external forces. Also, the effects of damage at the cellular and molecular levels are discussed as this provides insight into fruit physiological responses to damage. Next, direct measurement methods for damage including manual evaluation, optical detection, magnetic resonance imaging, and X-ray computed tomography are examined, as well as indirect methods based on physiochemical indexes. Also, methods to measure fruit susceptibility to mechanical damage based on the bruise threshold and the amount of damage per unit of impact energy are reviewed. Further, commonly used external and interior packaging and their applications in reducing damage are summarized, and a recent biomimetic approach for designing novel lightweight packaging inspired by the fruit pericarp. Finally, future research directions are provided.HIGHLIGHTSMathematical modeling has been increasingly used to calculate damage to fruit.Cell and molecular mechanisms response to fruit damage is an under-explored area.Susceptibility measurement of different mechanical forces has received attention.Customized design of reusable and biodegradable packaging is a hot topic of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Lin
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Olaniyi Amos Fawole
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wouter Saeys
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Di Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Department of Packaging Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Umezuruike Linus Opara
- SARChI Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Africa Institute for Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Bart Nicolai
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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3
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Atakhani A, Bogdziewiez L, Verger S. Characterising the mechanics of cell-cell adhesion in plants. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e2. [PMID: 37077973 PMCID: PMC10095952 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2021.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion is a fundamental feature of multicellular organisms. To ensure multicellular integrity, adhesion needs to be tightly controlled and maintained. In plants, cell-cell adhesion remains poorly understood. Here, we argue that to be able to understand how cell-cell adhesion works in plants, we need to understand and quantitatively measure the mechanics behind it. We first introduce cell-cell adhesion in the context of multicellularity, briefly explain the notions of adhesion strength, work and energy and present the current knowledge concerning the mechanisms of cell-cell adhesion in plants. Because still relatively little is known in plants, we then turn to animals, but also algae, bacteria, yeast and fungi, and examine how adhesion works and how it can be quantitatively measured in these systems. From this, we explore how the mechanics of cell adhesion could be quantitatively characterised in plants, opening future perspectives for understanding plant multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Atakhani
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Léa Bogdziewiez
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Verger
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Author for correspondence: S. Verger, E-mail:
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Mirzabe AH, Hajiahmad A. Physico‐mechanical properties of unripe grape berries relevant in the design of juicing machine. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mirzabe
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj Alborz Iran
| | - Ali Hajiahmad
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj Alborz Iran
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Mirzabe AH, Hajiahmad A, Asadollahzadeh AH. Extracting barberry juice: Mathematical models describing loading stage, stress‐relaxation behavior, and momentary juice mass. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mirzabe
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj Alborz Iran
| | - Ali Hajiahmad
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj Alborz Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Asadollahzadeh
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj Alborz Iran
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Verboven P, Defraeye T, Datta AK, Nicolai B. Digital twins of food process operations: the next step for food process models? Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Rathnayaka CM, Karunasena HCP, Wijerathne WDCC, Senadeera W, Gu YT. A three-dimensional (3-D) meshfree-based computational model to investigate stress-strain-time relationships of plant cells during drying. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235712. [PMID: 32634165 PMCID: PMC7340284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of plant cell micromechanics would enhance the current opinion on “how things are happening” inside a plant cell, enabling more detailed insights into plant physiology as well as processing plant biomaterials. However, with the contemporary laboratory equipment, the experimental investigation of cell micromechanics has been a challenging task due to diminutive spatial and time scales involved. In this investigation, a three-dimensional (3-D) coupled Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Coarse-Grained (CG) computational approach has been employed to model micromechanics of single plant cells going through drying or dehydration. This meshfree-based computational model has conclusively demonstrated that it can effectively simulate the behaviour of stress and strain in a plant cell being compressed at different levels of dryness: ranging from a fresh state to an extremely dried state. In addition, different biological and physical circumstances have been approximated through the proposed novel computational framework in the form of different turgor pressures, strain rates, mechanical properties and cell sizes. The proposed computational framework has potential not only to study the micromechanical characteristics of plant cellular structure during drying, but also other equivalent, biological structures and processes with relevant modifications. There are no underlying difficulties in adopting the model to replicate other types of cells and more sophisticated micromechanical phenomena of the cells under different external loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Rathnayaka
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - H. C. P. Karunasena
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - W. D. C. C. Wijerathne
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - W. Senadeera
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | - Y. T. Gu
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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