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Sreya PK, Hari Naga Papa Rao A, Suresh G, Sasikala C, Venkata Ramana C. Genomic and functional insights of a mucin foraging Rhodopirellula halodulae sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2024; 47:126523. [PMID: 38897058 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Nine novel strains were obtained from various algal and seagrass samples. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic tree revealed monophyletic placement of all novel strains within the Rhodopirellula genus. The type strain was identified as JC737T, which shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Rhodopirellula baltica SH1T, while strain JC740 was designated as an additional strain. The genome sizes of strains JC737T and JC740 were 6.6 and 6.7 Mb, respectively, and the G + C content was 56.2 %. The strains cladded distinctly in the phylogenomic tree, and the ANI and dDDH values of the strain JC737T were 75.8-76.1 % and 20.8-21.3 %, respectively, in comparison to other Rhodopirellula members. The strain demonstrated a versatile degradation capability, exhibiting a diverse array of complex polysaccharides, including mucin which had not been previously identified within the members of the phylum Planctomycetota. The phylogenomic, pan-genomic, morphological, physiological, and genomic characterization of the strain lead to the proposal to describe the strain as Rhodopirellula halodulae sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Sreya
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Atham Hari Naga Papa Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Gandham Suresh
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | | | - Chintalapati Venkata Ramana
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
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Taylor L, Chaudhary G, Jain G, Lowe A, Hupe A, Negishi A, Zeng Y, Ewoldt RH, Fudge DS. Mechanisms of gill-clogging by hagfish slime. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220774. [PMID: 36987615 PMCID: PMC10050918 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hagfishes defend themselves from gill-breathing predators by producing large volumes of fibrous slime when attacked. The slime's effectiveness comes from its ability to clog predators' gills, but the mechanisms by which hagfish slime clogs are uncertain, especially given its remarkably dilute concentration of solids. We quantified the clogging performance of hagfish slime over a range of concentrations, measured the contributions of its mucous and thread components, and measured the effect of turbulent mixing on clogging. To assess the porous structure of hagfish slime, we used a custom device to measure its Darcy permeability. We show that hagfish slime clogs at extremely dilute concentrations like those found in native hagfish slime and displays clogging performance that is superior to three thickening agents. We report an extremely low Darcy permeability for hagfish slime, and an effective pore size of 10-300 nm. We also show that the mucous and thread components play distinct yet crucial roles, with mucus being responsible for effective clogging and low permeability and the threads imparting mechanical strength and retaining clogging function over time. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which hagfish slime clogs gills and may inspire the development of ultra-soft materials with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Taylor
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Gaurav Chaudhary
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Andrew Lowe
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Andre Hupe
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G-2W1
| | - Atsuko Negishi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G-2W1
| | - Yu Zeng
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Randy H. Ewoldt
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Douglas S. Fudge
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G-2W1
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Lutz TM, Kimna C, Casini A, Lieleg O. Bio-based and bio-inspired adhesives from animals and plants for biomedical applications. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100203. [PMID: 35079700 PMCID: PMC8777159 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the "many-headed" slime mold Physarum polycelphalum having been voted the unicellular organism of the year 2021 by the German Society of Protozoology, we are reminded that a large part of nature's huge variety of life forms is easily overlooked - both by the general public and researchers alike. Indeed, whereas several animals such as mussels or spiders have already inspired many scientists to create novel materials with glue-like properties, there is much more to discover in the flora and fauna. Here, we provide an overview of naturally occurring slimy substances with adhesive properties and categorize them in terms of the main chemical motifs that convey their stickiness, i.e., carbohydrate-, protein-, and glycoprotein-based biological glues. Furthermore, we highlight selected recent developments in the area of material design and functionalization that aim at making use of such biological compounds for novel applications in medicine - either by conjugating adhesive motifs found in nature to biological or synthetic macromolecules or by synthetically creating (multi-)functional materials, which combine adhesive properties with additional, problem-specific (and sometimes tunable) features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Lutz
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Ceren Kimna
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, Garching, 85748, Germany
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Bressman N, Fudge D. From reductionism to synthesis: The case of hagfish slime. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110610. [PMID: 33971350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reductionist strategies aim to understand the mechanisms of complex systems by studying individual parts and their interactions. In this review, we discuss how reductionist approaches have shed light on the structure, function, and production of a complex biomaterial - hagfish defensive slime. Hagfish slime is an extremely dilute hydrogel-like material composed of seawater, mucus, and silk-like proteins that can deploy rapidly. Despite being composed almost entirely of water, hagfish slime has remarkable physical properties, including high strength and toughness. While hagfish slime has a promising future in biomimetics, including the development of eco-friendly high-performance fibers, recreating hagfish slime in the lab has been a difficult challenge. Over the past two decades, reductionist experiments have provided a wealth of information about the individual components of hagfish slime. However, a reductionist approach provides a limited understanding because hagfish defensive slime, like most biological phenomena, is more than just the sum of its parts. We end by providing some thoughts about how the knowledge generated in the last few decades might be synthesized into a working model that can explain hagfish slime structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Bressman
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Dr., Orange, CA 92866, USA.
| | - Douglas Fudge
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Dr., Orange, CA 92866, USA
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Rühs PA, Bergfreund J, Bertsch P, Gstöhl SJ, Fischer P. Complex fluids in animal survival strategies. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3022-3036. [PMID: 33729256 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Animals have evolved distinctive survival strategies in response to constant selective pressure. In this review, we highlight how animals exploit flow phenomena by manipulating their habitat (exogenous) or by secreting (endogenous) complex fluids. Ubiquitous endogenous complex fluids such as mucus demonstrate rheological versatility and are therefore involved in many animal behavioral traits ranging from sexual reproduction to protection against predators. Exogenous complex fluids such as sand can be used either for movement or for predation. In all cases, time-dependent rheological properties of complex fluids are decisive for the fate of the biological behavior and vice versa. To exploit these rheological properties, it is essential that the animal is able to sense the rheology of their surrounding complex fluids in a timely fashion. As timing is key in nature, such rheological materials often have clearly defined action windows matching the time frame of their direct biological behavior. As many rheological properties of these biological materials remain poorly studied, we demonstrate with this review that rheology and material science might provide an interesting quantitative approach to study these biological materials in particular in context towards ethology and bio-mimicking material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Rühs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 218 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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Fudge DS, Ferraro SN, Siwiecki SA, Hupé A, Jain G. A New Model of Hagfish Slime Mucous Vesicle Stabilization and Deployment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6681-6689. [PMID: 32470308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hagfishes thwart predators by releasing large volumes of gill-clogging slime, which consists of mucus and silk-like fibers. The mucous fraction originates within gland mucous cells, which release numerous vesicles that swell and rupture when ejected into seawater. Several studies have examined the function of hagfish slime mucous vesicles in vitro, but a comprehensive model of their biophysics is lacking. Here, we tested the hypothesis that vesicles contain polyanionic glycoproteins stabilized by divalent cations and deploy in seawater via exchange of divalent for monovalent cations. We also tested the hypothesis that vesicle swelling and stabilization are governed by "Hofmeister effects". We found no evidence for either hypothesis. Our results show that hagfish mucous granules are only stabilized by multivalent anions, and pH titration experiments underscore these results. Our results lead us to the conclusion that the hagfish slime mucous gel is in fact polycationic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Fudge
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1-2W1, Canada
| | - Shannon N Ferraro
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1-2W1, Canada
| | - Sara A Siwiecki
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - André Hupé
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1-2W1, Canada
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
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Borzouyan Dastjerdi M, Amini A, Nazari M, Cheng C, Benson V, Gholami A, Ghasemi Y. Novel versatile 3D bio-scaffold made of natural biocompatible hagfish exudate for tissue growth and organoid modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:894-902. [PMID: 32387614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hagfish exudate is a natural biological macromolecule made of keratin intermediate filament protein skeins and mucin vesicles. Here, we successfully examined this remarkable biomaterial as a substrate for three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing purposes. After the sterilization with chloroform vapor, Dulbecco's modified eagle medium was mixed with the exudate to rupture the vesicles and skeins; a highly soft, adherent, fibrous and biocompatible hydrogel was formed. A variety of cells, including Hela-FUCCI, NMuMG-FUCCI, 10T1/2 and C2C12, was cultured on the hagfish exudate. A remarkable 3D growth by ~2.5 folds after day 3, ~5 folds after day 5, ~10 folds after day 7 and ~15 folds after day 14 were seen compared to day one of culturing in the hagfish exudate scaffold. In addition, the phase contrast, fluorescent and confocal microscopy observations confirmed the organoid shape formation within the three-week culture. The viability of cells was almost 100% indicating the great in vitro and in vivo potential of this exceptional biomaterial with no cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Borzouyan Dastjerdi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Abbas Amini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian College of Kuwait, Safat 13015, Kuwait; Center for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Marziyeh Nazari
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Australian College of Kuwait, Mishref, Kuwait
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Veronika Benson
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Williams MAK, Cornuault V, Irani AH, Symonds VV, Malmström J, An Y, Sims IM, Carnachan SM, Sallé C, North HM. Polysaccharide Structures in the Outer Mucilage of Arabidopsis Seeds Visualized by AFM. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1450-1459. [PMID: 32058700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented that the polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) can be biosynthesized in remarkably organized branched configurations and surprisingly long versions and can self-assemble into a plethora of structures. AFM imaging has been applied to study the outer mucilage obtained from wild-type (WT) and mutant (bxl1-3 and cesa5-1) Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. For WT mucilage, ordered, multichain structures of the polysaccharide RGI were observed, with a helical twist visible in favorable circumstances. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the stability of several possible multichain complexes and the possibility of twisted fibril formation. For bxl1-3 seeds, the imaged polymers clearly showed the presence of side chains. These were surprisingly regular and well organized with an average length of ∼100 nm and a spacing of ∼50 nm. The heights of the side chains imaged were suggestive of single polysaccharide chains, while the backbone was on average 4 times this height and showed regular height variations along its length consistent with models of multichain fibrils examined in MD. Finally, in mucilage extracts from cesa5-1 seeds, a minor population of chains in excess of 30 μm long was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A K Williams
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, PN461, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.,The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Valérie Cornuault
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, PN461, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Amir H Irani
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, PN461, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - V Vaughan Symonds
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, PN461, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yiran An
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33-436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33-436, Petone 5046, New Zealand
| | - Christine Sallé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
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