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Takeuchi K, Ireland PM, Webber GB, Wanless EJ, Hayashi M, Sakabe R, Fujii S. Electrostatic Adsorption Behaviors of Polymer Plates to a Droplet. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37392450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic transfer and adsorption of electrically conductive polymer-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) plates from a particle bed to a water droplet were studied, with the influence of plate thickness and shape observed. After synthesis and confirmation of the particles' properties using stereo and scanning electron microscopies, elemental microanalysis, and water contact angle measurement, the electric field strength and droplet-bed separation distance required for transfer were measured. An electrometer and high-speed video footage were used to measure the charge transferred by each particle, and its orientation and adsorption behavior during transfer and at the droplet interface. The use of plates of consistent square cross section allowed the impact of contact-area-dependent particle cohesion and gravity on the electrostatic transfer of particles to be decoupled for the first time. The electrostatic force required to extract a plate was directly proportional to the plate mass (thickness), a trend very different from that previously observed for spherical particles of varied diameter (mass). This reflected the different relationship between mass, surface area, and cohesive forces for spherical and plate-shaped particles of different sizes. Thicker plates transferred more charge to the droplet, probably due to their remaining at the bed at higher field strengths. The impact of plate cross-sectional geometry was also assessed. Differences in the ease of transfer of square, hexagonal, and circular plates seemed to depend only on their mass, while other aspects of their comparative behavior are attributed to the more concentrated charge distribution present on particles with sharper vertices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazusa Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Peter M Ireland
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Masaki Hayashi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Ryuga Sakabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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Zhang Y, Cui H, Binks BP, Shum HC. Liquid Marbles under Electric Fields: New Capabilities for Non-wetting Droplet Manipulation and Beyond. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9721-9740. [PMID: 35918302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of liquid marbles (LMs) composed of stabilizing liquid droplets with solid particles in a gaseous environment has matured into an established area in surface and colloid science. The minimized "solid-liquid-air" triphase interface enables LMs to drastically reduce adhesion to a solid substrate, making them unique non-wetting droplets transportable with limited energy. The small volume, enclosed environment, and simple preparation render them suitable microreactors in industrial applications and processes such as cell culture, material synthesis, and blood coagulation. Extensive application contexts request precise and highly efficient manipulations of these non-wetting droplets. Many external fields, including magnetic, acoustic, photothermal, and pH, have emerged to prepare, deform, actuate, coalesce, mix, and disrupt these non-wetting droplets. Electric fields are rising among these external stimuli as an efficient source for manipulating the LMs with high controllability and a significant ability to contribute further to proposed applications. This Feature Article attempts to outline the recent developments related to LMs with the aid of electric fields. The effects of electric fields on the preparation and manipulation of LMs with intricate interfacial processes are discussed in detail. We highlight a wealth of novel electric field-involved LM-based applications and beyond while also envisaging the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development in this emerging research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huanqing Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China
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Lobel BT, Robertson H, Webber GB, Ireland PM, Wanless EJ. Impact of surface free energy on electrostatic extraction of particles from a bed. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 611:617-628. [PMID: 34974225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Electrostatic extraction of particles from a bed to a pendent droplet to form liquid marbles has previously been investigated with respect to particle conductivity, size and shape, however, interparticle forces have not been specifically interrogated. If cohesion is the dominant force within the particle bed, then particles will be more readily extracted with reduced surface free energy. EXPERIMENTS Glass particles were surface-modified using various alkyltrichlorosilanes. The surface free energy was measured for each sample using colloid probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) and sessile drop measurements on similarly modified glass slides. The ease of electrostatic particle extraction of each particle sample to a pendent droplet was compared by quantifying the electric field force required for successful extraction as a function of the measured surface free energy. FINDINGS Surface free energy calculated from sessile droplet measurements and AFM were not in agreement, as work of adhesion of a liquid droplet on a planar substrate is not representative of the contact between particles. Ease of electrostatic extraction of particles was observed to generally decrease as a function of AFM-derived surface free energy, confirming this is a critical factor in electrostatic delivery of particles to a pendent droplet. Roughness was also shown to inhibit particle extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Lobel
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hayden Robertson
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Peter M Ireland
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Lobel BT, Hobson MJ, Ireland PM, Webber GB, Thomas CA, Ogino H, Fujii S, Wanless EJ. Interparticle Repulsion of Microparticles Delivered to a Pendent Drop by an Electric Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:670-679. [PMID: 34968053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report an unusually large spacing observed between microparticles after delivery to the surface of a pendent water droplet using a DC nonuniform electrostatic field, primarily via dielectrophoresis. The influence of particle properties was investigated using core particles, which were either coated or surface-modified to alter their wettability and conductivity. Particles that exhibited this spacing were both hydrophobic and possessed some dielectric material exposed to the external field, such as a coating or exposed dielectric core. The origin of this behavior is proposed to be the induced dipole-dipole repulsion between particles, which increases with particle size and decreases when the magnitude of the electric field is reduced. When the particles were no longer subjected to an external field, this large interparticle repulsion ceased and the particles settled to the bottom of the droplet under the force of gravity. We derive a simple model to predict this spacing, with the dipole-dipole repulsion balanced against particle weight. The external electric field was calculated using the existing electric field models. The spacing was found to be dependent on particle density and the induced dipole moment as well as the number of particles present on the droplet interface. As the number of particles increased, a decrease in interparticle spacing was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Lobel
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Matthew J Hobson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Peter M Ireland
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Casey A Thomas
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Haruka Ogino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Erica J Wanless
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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Lobel BT, Thomas CA, Ireland PM, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. Liquid marbles, formation and locomotion using external fields and forces. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nguyen NK, Singha P, An H, Phan HP, Nguyen NT, Ooi CH. Electrostatically excited liquid marble as a micromixer. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liquid marble as a micromixer. Particles suspended in a transparent liquid marble is dispersed in a time lapse photo. The colour change from red to purple shows the particle position from the first frame to the last frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Khuong Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Pradip Singha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Chin Hong Ooi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
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Asaumi Y, Rey M, Oyama K, Vogel N, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Effect of Stabilizing Particle Size on the Structure and Properties of Liquid Marbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13274-13284. [PMID: 33115238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A liquid marble (LM) describes a liquid droplet that is wrapped by nonwetting micro- or nanoparticles and therefore obtains characteristics of a solid powder particle. Here, we investigate the effect of the stabilizing particle size on the resulting structure and properties of the LM. We synthesize a series of polystyrene particles with ultrathin coatings of heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid-doped polypyrrole with diameters ranging between 1 and 1000 μm by an aqueous chemical oxidative seeded polymerization of pyrrole. The methodology produced a set of hydrophobic particles with similar surface characteristics to allow the formation of LMs and to probe size effects in the LM formation and stabilization efficiency. We found that particles with a size above 20 μm adsorb as a particle monolayer to the surface of the LM, while smaller particles are adsorbed as ill-defined, multilayered aggregates. These results indicate that the balance between particle-particle interaction and gravity is an important parameter to control the surface structure of the LMs. The assembly behavior and size of the particles also correlated with the mechanical integrity of the LM against fall impact. The mechanical resistance was affected by the gap distance between the inner liquid of the LM and supporting substrate, the capillary forces acting between the particles at the LM surface, and the potential energy that depended on the particle size. Last, we demonstrate that the broadband light-absorbing properties of the polypyrrole shell also allow manipulating the evaporation rate of the inner liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Asaumi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Marcel Rey
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Keigo Oyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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