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Ali MA, Chen F, Hu Y, Lee SL. Structural Diversity of 2D Molecular Self-Assemblies Arising from Carboxyl Groups Attached to a Molecule: An STM Study at the Liquid-Solid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39264220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular self-assembly behavior, especially at the microscopic level, sheds light on the rational design of artificial supramolecular systems at surfaces. In this work, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and force field simulations were utilized to explore two molecular systems where two and four carboxyl groups are symmetrically modified onto a skeleton. The two target molecules are 4,4'-(ethyne-1,2-diyl) dibenzoic acid (EBA) and 1,1'-ethynebenzene-3,3',5,5,'-tetracarboxylic acid (TCA). The former molecular assembly led to robust close packing, whereas the latter resulted in low-density arrangements that present significant adaption, namely, undergoing phase transformations upon external stimulations, e.g., sensitive to STM-polarity switching and guest molecule incorporations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif Ali
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronic, College of Optical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
| | - Yi Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronic, College of Optical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
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Li D, Seki S, Ishikawa A, Omoto K, Yasuhara K, Rapenne G, Kawai S. Procrystalline Self-Assembly of Desymmetrized Pentaphenylcyclopentadiene. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7628-7634. [PMID: 39030664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between the molecular shape and the intermolecular interaction plays a decisive role in self-assembled structures. Recently, inherent randomness of low ordered assemblies, resulting from lack of short- and long-range periodicities, has attracted significant attention due to the unique structural, electronic, and mechanical properties. Here, we present procrystalline self-assemblies of pentaphenyl cyclopentadienyl derivatives on Ag(111) and Au(111) with scanning tunneling microscopy, operating at 4.3 K under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Two examples, using 5-fold symmetric molecules substituted with methyl or fluorine groups, show that weak interactions, such as π-π stacking, CH-π interactions, and CH···F hydrogen bonding, play a pivotal role in formation of the procrystalline assembly. Our results may give insights into the intricate relationship between the molecular shape and the intermolecular interaction in the formation of non-crystalline assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Li
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Sota Seki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikawa
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Omoto
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, rue Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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Alić J, Biljan I, Štefanić Z, Šekutor M. Preparation and characterization of non-aromatic ether self-assemblies on a HOPG surface. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:355603. [PMID: 35545006 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6e72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
On-surface self-assemblies of aromatic organic molecules have been widely investigated, but the characterization of analogous self-assemblies consisting of fully sp3-hybridized molecules remains challenging. The possible on-surface orientations of alkyl molecules not exclusively comprised of long alkyl chains are difficult to distinguish because of their inherently low symmetry and non-planar nature. Here, we present a detailed study of diamondoid ethers, structurally rigid and fully saturated molecules, which form uniform 2D monolayers on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, various computational tools, and x-ray structural analysis, we identified the most favorable on-surface orientations of these rigid ethers and accounted for the forces driving the self-organization process. The influence of the oxygen atom and London dispersion interactions were found to be responsible for the formation of the observed highly ordered 2D ether assemblies. Our findings provide insight into the on-surface properties and behavior of non-aromatic organic compounds and broaden our understanding of the phenomena characteristic of monolayers consisting of non-planar molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Alić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Biljan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Štefanić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Šekutor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Sandeep K, Joseph K, Gautier J, Nagarajan K, Sujith M, Thomas KG, Ebbesen TW. Manipulating the Self-Assembly of Phenyleneethynylenes under Vibrational Strong Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1209-1214. [PMID: 35089035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and physical properties of molecules and materials are known to be modified significantly under vibrational strong coupling (VSC). To gain insight into the effects of VSC on π-π interactions involved in molecular self-assembly, themselves sensitive to vacuum electromagnetic field fluctuations, the aggregation of two structural isomers (linear and V-shaped) of phenyleneethynylene under cooperative coupling was investigated. By coupling the aromatic C═C stretching band, the assembly of one of the molecules results in the formation of spheres as opposed to flakes under normal conditions. As a consequence, the electronic absorption and emission spectra of the self-assembled structures are also modified significantly. The VSC-induced changes depend not only on the type of vibration that is coupled but also on the symmetry of the phenyleneethynylene isomer. These results confirm that VSC can be used to drive molecular assemblies to new structural minima and thereby provide a new tool for supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulangara Sandeep
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kripa Joseph
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Gautier
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Meleppatt Sujith
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Vithura 695 551, India
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Vithura 695 551, India
| | - Thomas W Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Li W, Chen J, Zhang C, Li Y, Wan L, Chen X. Mixing behavior of p-terphenyl-3,5,3',5'-tetracarboxylic acid with trimesic acid at the solid-liquid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25896-25900. [PMID: 34779445 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular self-assembly of carboxylic acid molecules on a solid surface plays an important role in understanding the nanoscale-precision construction of functional patterns. In this study, the mixing behavior of p-terphenyl-3,5,3',5'-tetracarboxylic acid (TPTC) and trimesic acid (TMA) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM images show how the presence of a small percentage of TPTC molecules adsorbed onto TMA molecules can drastically change the on-surface self-assembly behavior of aromatic tetracarboxylic acid by initiating the nucleation and growth of a different polymorph. Molecular mechanics and density functional theory simulations of the adsorption energy and the additional stabilizing energy, induced by hydrogen bonds during assembly formations, provide insights into the relative stability of different assembled structures. Moreover, STM-based "nanoshaving" was conducted to confirm that the template layer underneath the second layer is indeed a random network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and New Energy Technology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China.,Nanchang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Guangdong Titans Intelligent Power Co., Ltd, Zhuhai, 519060, P. R. China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China.
| | - Yudie Li
- School of Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China.
| | - Lijia Wan
- School of Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and New Energy Technology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China.,Nanchang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- School of Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and New Energy Technology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China.,Nanchang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, Nanchang 330099, P. R. China
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Li C. Towards conductive hydrogels in e-skins: a review on rational design and recent developments. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33835-33848. [PMID: 35497297 PMCID: PMC9042588 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04573c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, electronic skins (e-skins) have attracted significant attention owing to their feasibility of applications in health monitoring, motion detection, and entertainment. As a class of soft materials, conductive hydrogels feature biocompatibility, stretchability, adhesiveness, and self-healing properties, making them one of the most important candidates for high-performance e-skins. However, profound challenges remain for achieving the combination of superior mechanical strength and conductivity of conductive hydrogels simultaneously without sacrificing their multifunctionalities. Herein, a framework for rational designs to fabricate conductive hydrogels are proposed, including the fundamental strategies of copolymerization, doping, and self-assembly. In addition, we provide a comprehensive analysis of their merits and demerits when the conductive hydrogels are fabricated in different ways. Furthermore, the recent progress and future perspective for conductive hydrogels in terms of electronic skins are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujia Li
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710072 China
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Meng T, Lei P, Zeng Q. Progress in the self-assembly of porphyrin derivatives on surfaces: STM reveals. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The latest progress in the assembly of porphyrin derivatives on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li W, Xu S, Chen X, Xu C. Structural transformations of carboxyl acids networks induced by concentration and oriented external electric field. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kikkawa Y, Nagasaki M, Koyama E, Tsuzuki S, Fouquet T, Hiratani K. Dynamic host-guest behavior in halogen-bonded two-dimensional molecular networks investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid/liquid interface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4895-4901. [PMID: 36132910 PMCID: PMC9419264 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of supramolecularly engineered two-dimensional (2D) networks using simple molecular building blocks is an effective means for studying host-guest chemistry at surfaces toward the potential application of such systems in nanoelectronics and molecular devices. In this study, halogen-bonded molecular networks were constructed by the combination of linear halogen-bond donor and acceptor ligands, and their 2D structures at the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite/1-phenyloctane interface were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. The bi-component blend of the molecular building blocks possessing tetradecyloxy chains formed a lozenge structure via halogen bonding. Upon the introduction of an appropriate guest molecule (e.g., coronene) into the system, the 2D structure transformed into a hexagonal array, and the central pore of this array was occupied by the guest molecules. Remarkably, the halogen bonding of the original structure was maintained after the introduction of the guest molecule. Thus, the halogen-bonded molecular networks are applicable for assembling guest species on the substrate without the requirement of the conventional rigid molecular building blocks with C 3 symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagasaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Emiko Koyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Thierry Fouquet
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Hiratani
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
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Deng C, Liu Z, Ma C, Zhang H, Chi L. Dynamic Supramolecular Template: Multiple Stimuli-Controlled Size Adjustment of Porous Networks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5510-5516. [PMID: 32356994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically switchable porous networks offer exciting potential in functionalizing surfaces. The structure and morphology of the networks can be controlled by applying external stimuli. Here, a dynamic supramolecular template assembled by 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (BTB) is successfully achieved at the liquid-solid interface by applying two external stimuli simultaneously. Upon varying the concentration of BTB solution together with switching the polarity of the sample bias, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) undergo phase transitions twice: an immediate transition from a compact structure to a macroporous (honeycomb) structure as a response to the change in the electric field and a fast-changing transition from the macroporous to a microporous (oblique) structure. With saturated BTB solution, however, the initial compact structure can only transform into the oblique structure after switching the polarity of the sample bias without the appearance of a honeycomb structure. The different phase transitions suggest that the dynamic supramolecular template can only survive at a specific concentration range and is obtainable by performing multiple stimuli simultaneously. Interestingly, introducing a guest molecule to the system can adjust the phase transition process and effectively stabilize the honeycomb structure of BTB. The flexibility associated with the porous networks renders it a dynamic supramolecular template for guest binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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