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Mavridi-Printezi A, Menichetti A, Mordini D, Amorati R, Montalti M. Recent Applications of Melanin-like Nanoparticles as Antioxidant Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040863. [PMID: 37107238 PMCID: PMC10135245 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized antioxidants are highly advantageous in terms of versatility and pharmacokinetics, with respect to conventional molecular ones. Melanin-like materials, artificial species inspired by natural melanin, combine recognized antioxidant (AOX) activity with a unique versatility of preparation and modification. Due to this versatility and documented biocompatibility, artificial melanin has been incorporated into a variety of nanoparticles (NP) in order to give new platforms for nanomedicine with enhanced AOX activity. In this review article, we first discuss the chemical mechanisms behind the AOX activity of materials in the context of the inhibition of the radical chain reaction responsible for the peroxidation of biomolecules. We also focus briefly on the AOX properties of melanin-like NP, considering the effect of parameters such as size, preparation methods and surface functionalization on them. Then, we consider the most recent and relevant applications of AOX melanin-like NPs that are able to counteract ferroptosis and be involved in the treatment of important diseases that affect, e.g., the cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as the kidneys, liver and articulations. A specific section will be dedicated to cancer treatment, since the role of melanin in this context is still very debated. Finally, we propose future strategies in AOX development for a better chemical understanding of melanin-like materials. In particular, the composition and structure of these materials are still debated, and they present a high level of variability. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanism behind the interaction of melanin-like nanostructures with different radicals and highly reactive species would be highly advantageous for the design of more effective and specific AOX nano-agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Mordini
- Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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Sarabia-Vallejos MA, Cerda-Iglesias FE, Pérez-Monje DA, Acuña-Ruiz NF, Terraza-Inostroza CA, Rodríguez-Hernández J, González-Henríquez CM. Smart Polymer Surfaces with Complex Wrinkled Patterns: Reversible, Non-Planar, Gradient, and Hierarchical Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030612. [PMID: 36771913 PMCID: PMC9920088 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the relevant developments in preparing wrinkled structures with variable characteristics. These include the formation of smart interfaces with reversible wrinkle formation, the construction of wrinkles in non-planar supports, or, more interestingly, the development of complex hierarchically structured wrinkled patterns. Smart wrinkled surfaces obtained using light-responsive, pH-responsive, temperature-responsive, and electromagnetic-responsive polymers are thoroughly described. These systems control the formation of wrinkles in particular surface positions and the reversible construction of planar-wrinkled surfaces. This know-how of non-planar substrates has been recently extended to other structures, thus forming wrinkled patterns on solid, hollow spheres, cylinders, and cylindrical tubes. Finally, this bibliographic analysis also presents some illustrative examples of the potential of wrinkle formation to create more complex patterns, including gradient structures and hierarchically multiscale-ordered wrinkles. The orientation and the wrinkle characteristics (amplitude and period) can also be modulated according to the requested application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. Sarabia-Vallejos
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Santiago, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Felipe E. Cerda-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Programa PhD en Ciencia de Materiales e Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940000, Chile
| | - Dan A. Pérez-Monje
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Nicolas F. Acuña-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Terraza-Inostroza
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymer (RLOP), Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen M. González-Henríquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Rhee D, Deng S, Odom TW. Soft skin layers for reconfigurable and programmable nanowrinkles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23920-23928. [PMID: 33242039 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkling skin layers on pre-strained polymer sheets has drawn significant interest as a method to create reconfigurable surface patterns. Compared to widely studied metal or silica films, softer polymer skins are more tolerant to crack formation when the surface topography is tuned under applied strain. This Mini-review discusses recent progress in mechano-responsive wrinkles based on polymer skin materials. Control over the skin thickness with nanometer accuracy allows for tuning of the wrinkle wavelength and orientation over length scales from nanometer to micrometer regimes. Furthermore, soft skin layers enable texturing of two-dimensional electronic materials with programmable feature sizes and structural hierarchy because of the conformal adhesion to the substrates. Soft skin systems open prospects to tailor a range of surface properties via external stimuli important for applications such as smart windows, microfluidics, and nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoon Rhee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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Eumelanin Precursor 2-Carboxy-5,6-Dihydroxyindole (DHICA) as Doping Factor in Ternary (PEDOT:PSS/Eumelanin) Thin Films for Conductivity Enhancement. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092108. [PMID: 32370189 PMCID: PMC7254328 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The integration of the pristine not-doped commercial poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) PH1000 with eumelanin, the brown to black kind of melanin pigment, was achieved by dissolving the melanogenic precursors 2-carboxy-5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHICA) in the PH1000 suspension. Solid state oxidative polymerization of the catecholic indole allowed obtaining the ternary blend PEDOT:PSS/eumelanin. The introduction of DHICA into PH1000 produced a noticeable increase in the conductivity of PEDOT thin films akin to that produced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment, opening up novel strategies for the simultaneous integration of eumelanin polymer and conductivity enhancement of PEDOT containing coatings, as well as the long term goal of replacing PSS by DHICA eumelanin for PEDOT pairing.
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