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Wang L, Liu J, Chen F, Li G, Wang J, Chan DSH, Wong CY, Wang W, Leung CH. A Switch-On Affinity-Based Iridium(III) Conjugate Probe for Imaging Mitochondrial Glutathione S-Transferase in Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1727-1737. [PMID: 37750807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase is heterogeneously expressed in breast cancer cells and is therefore emerging as a potential diagnostic biomarker for studying the heterogeneity of breast cancers. However, available fluorescent probes for GSTs depend heavily on GSTs-catalyzed glutathione (GSH) nucleophilic substitution reactions, making them susceptible to interference by the high concentration of nucleophilic species in the cellular environment. Moreover, the functions of subcellular GSTs are generally overlooked due to the lack of suitable luminescence probes. Herein, we report a highly selective affinity-based luminescence probe 1 for GST in breast cancer cells through tethering a GST inhibitor, ethacrynic acid, to an iridium(III) complex. Compared to activity-based probes which require the use of GSH, this probe could image GST-pi in the mitochondria by directly adducting to GST-pi (or potentially GST-pi/GS) in living cells. Probe 1 possesses desirable photophysical properties including a lifetime of 911 ns, a Stokes shift of 343 nm, and high photostability. The "turn on" luminescence mode of the probe enables highly selective detection of the GST with a limit of detection of 1.01 μM, while its long emission lifetime allows sensitive detection in organic dye-spiked autofluorescence samples by a time-resolved mode. The probe was further applied to specifically and quantitatively visualize MDA-MB-231 cells via specific binding to mitochondrial GST, and could differentiate breast cell lines based on their expression levels of GST. To the best of our knowledge, this probe is the first affinity-based iridium(III) imaging probe for the subcellular GST. Our work provides a valuable tool for unmasking the diverse roles of a subcellular GST in living systems, as well as for studying the heterogeneity of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | | | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
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Xu Z, Xu Z, Zhang D. A near infrared fluorescent probe for rapid sensing of peroxynitrite in living cells and breast cancer mice. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8262-8269. [PMID: 36926017 PMCID: PMC10013131 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01024d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) plays an essential role in numerous physiological and pathological processes owing to its strong oxidation and nitrification. Many studies have shown that ONOO- abnormalities are associated with inflammatory diseases, even cancer, such as arthritis, hepatitis, pneumonia, and breast cancer. Thus, developing a trustworthy technology to monitor ONOO- levels is critical in inflammatory or cancer illnesses. Herein, an ultrafast near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (Cy-OH-ONOO) is proposed to detect ONOO- within 30 s. The probe's borate moiety is oxidized and separated from Cy-OH-ONOO, releasing a NIR fluorescence signal after interacting with ONOO- under physiological circumstances. In addition, the probe displays good selectivity and sensitivity towards ONOO- compared to other related biological species. Moreover, it is applied to the image and detects the level fluctuation of ONOO- in living cells and breast cancer mice based on excellent features with high biocompatibility and low toxicity of the developed probe. Therefore, Cy-OH-ONOO could serve as a powerful imaging tool to understand the correlation of ONOO- with inflammatory or breast cancer pathophysiological processes and to assess ONOO- levels in cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University Nantong 226001 China
| | - Zhencai Xu
- Guanyun People's Hospital Lianyungang Jiangsu 222000 China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Guanyun People's Hospital Lianyungang Jiangsu 222000 China
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Chemical Probes and Activity-Based Protein Profiling for Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115936. [PMID: 35682614 PMCID: PMC9180054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical probes can be used to understand the complex biological nature of diseases. Due to the diversity of cancer types and dynamic regulatory pathways involved in the disease, there is a need to identify signaling pathways and associated proteins or enzymes that are traceable or detectable in tests for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Currently, fluorogenic chemical probes are widely used to detect cancer-associated proteins and their binding partners. These probes are also applicable in photodynamic therapy to determine drug efficacy and monitor regulating factors. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of chemical probes for different cancer types from 2016 to the present time and their application in monitoring the activity of transferases, hydrolases, deacetylases, oxidoreductases, and immune cells. Moreover, we elaborate on their potential roles in photodynamic therapy.
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Govdi AI, Tokareva PV, Rumyantsev AM, Panov MS, Stellmacher J, Alexiev U, Danilkina NA, Balova IA. 4,5-Bis(arylethynyl)-1,2,3-triazoles-A New Class of Fluorescent Labels: Synthesis and Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103191. [PMID: 35630673 PMCID: PMC9147796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ethyl 2-azidoacetate to iodobuta-1,3-diynes and subsequent Sonogashira cross-coupling were used to synthesize a large series of new triazole-based push–pull chromophores: 4,5-bis(arylethynyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazoles. The study of their optical properties revealed that all molecules have fluorescence properties, the Stokes shift values of which exceed 150 nm. The fluorescent properties of triazoles are easily adjustable depending on the nature of the substituents attached to aryl rings of the arylethynyl moieties at the C4 and C5 atoms of the triazole core. The possibility of 4,5-bis(arylethynyl)-1,2,3-triazoles’ application for labeling was demonstrated using proteins and the HEK293 cell line. The results of an MTT test on two distinct cell lines, HEK293 and HeLa, revealed the low cytotoxicity of 4,5-bis(arylethynyl)triazoles, which makes them promising fluorescent tags for labeling and tracking biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I. Govdi
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (P.V.T.); (M.S.P.); (N.A.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.G.); (I.A.B.); Tel.: +7-812-428-4054 (A.I.G.); +7-812-428-6733 (I.A.B.)
| | - Polina V. Tokareva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (P.V.T.); (M.S.P.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Andrey M. Rumyantsev
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Maxim S. Panov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (P.V.T.); (M.S.P.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Johannes Stellmacher
- Department of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalllee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (U.A.)
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Department of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalllee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (U.A.)
| | - Natalia A. Danilkina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (P.V.T.); (M.S.P.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Irina A. Balova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (P.V.T.); (M.S.P.); (N.A.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.G.); (I.A.B.); Tel.: +7-812-428-4054 (A.I.G.); +7-812-428-6733 (I.A.B.)
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Optical substrates for drug-metabolizing enzymes: Recent advances and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1068-1099. [PMID: 35530147 PMCID: PMC9069481 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), a diverse group of enzymes responsible for the metabolic elimination of drugs and other xenobiotics, have been recognized as the critical determinants to drug safety and efficacy. Deciphering and understanding the key roles of individual DMEs in drug metabolism and toxicity, as well as characterizing the interactions of central DMEs with xenobiotics require reliable, practical and highly specific tools for sensing the activities of these enzymes in biological systems. In the last few decades, the scientists have developed a variety of optical substrates for sensing human DMEs, parts of them have been successfully used for studying target enzyme(s) in tissue preparations and living systems. Herein, molecular design principals and recent advances in the development and applications of optical substrates for human DMEs have been reviewed systematically. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted. The presented information offers a group of practical approaches and imaging tools for sensing DMEs activities in complex biological systems, which strongly facilitates high-throughput screening the modulators of target DMEs and studies on drug/herb‒drug interactions, as well as promotes the fundamental researches for exploring the relevance of DMEs to human diseases and drug treatment outcomes.
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Tian M, Tian Z, Yao D, Ning J, Deng S, Feng L, Huo X, Tian X, Zhang B, Wang C, Yu Z, Ma X. A NIR fluorescent probe for fatty acid amide hydrolase bioimaging and its application in development of inhibitors. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6460-6465. [PMID: 34364309 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is primarily responsible for the inactivation of fatty acid ethanolamide (FAE) and is involved in a variety of biological functions related to diseases of the nervous system. Herein, we developed a highly selective and sensitive FAAH-activated near-infrared fluorescent probe named DAND and achieved the real-time detection and imaging of FAAH activity in complex biosystems. Moreover, a visual high-throughput screening method was established using DAND, piperine was identified as a novel inhibitor of FAAH. Based on the interaction of piperine with FAAH, a more potent FAAH inhibitor (11f) was designed and synthesized which possessed an IC50 value of 0.65 μM. Furthermore, 11f could attenuate the liposaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 cells, exhibiting an excellent anti-inflammatory activity. These results indicated that DAND could be used as a promising molecular tool for exploring FAAH activity and for rapidly screening potential FAAH inhibitors. In addition, piperine and its derivatives could serve as potential candidate drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Han C, Cui Y, Guo Y, Zhang D, Wang X, Geng Y, Shi W, Bao Y. Proteome and transcriptome analysis revealed florfenicol via affected drug metabolism and lipid metabolism induce liver injury of broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101228. [PMID: 34293615 PMCID: PMC8319801 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the mechanism of liver injury induced by florfenicol (FFC) in broilers. Sixty broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group: normal drinking water and feed were given every d; FFC group: tap water containing FFC (0.15g/L) was given every d and feed was taken freely; each group was given 5 dd of continuous medication and feed was taken freely. The results showed that compared with the control group, FFC could significantly inhibit the weight gain of broilers (P < 0.05), and significantly inhibit the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP2H1 in liver tissue (P < 0.05). It was found that the expression of genes related to the effect of cytochrome P450 on the metabolism of exogenous substances, the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors signal pathway, peroxisome pathway and glutathione metabolic pathway in the liver of broilers. The results of qPCR of UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2A1 (UGT2A1), glutathione S-transferase-like 2 (GSTAL2), hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS), glutathione S-transferase theta 1(GSTT1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 (IDH1), acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2), fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), and phosphoribosyl aminoim idazolesuccino carboxamide synthase (PAICS) genes which were randomly selected from the most significant genes were consistent with those of RNA-seq. The results showed that FFC can affect the drug metabolism and lipid synthesis in the liver of broiler, thus impairing the normal function of liver and the growth and development of broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yiwei Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yumeng Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071000, China
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Rajapaksha AA, Fu YX, Guo WY, Liu SY, Li ZW, Xiong CQ, Yang WC, Yang GF. Review on the recent progress in the development of fluorescent probes targeting enzymes. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9. [PMID: 33873170 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abf988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are very important for biological processes in a living being, performing similar or multiple tasks in and out of cells, tissues and other organisms at a particular location. The abnormal activity of particular enzyme usually caused serious diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis etc. Hence, nondestructive and real-time visualization for certain enzyme is very important for understanding the biological issues, as well as the drug administration and drug metabolism. Fluorescent cellular probe-based enzyme detectionin vitroandin vivohas become broad interest for human disease diagnostics and therapeutics. This review highlights the recent findings and designs of highly sensitive and selective fluorescent cellular probes targeting enzymes for quantitative analysis and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asanka Amith Rajapaksha
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nano Science Technology, Faculty of Technology, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - Yi-Xuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yingzheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Qin Xiong
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital-Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Wang X, Shen M, Shi X. Polyethylenimine-Assisted Generation of Optical Nanoprobes for Biosensing Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3935-3955. [PMID: 35025470 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of analytes in biological systems is pivotal to explore their physiological roles and provide diagnostic and treatment options for related diseases, which however remains a great challenge. Optical nanoprobes that exhibit absorption or fluorescence signal changes in response to the targets of interest have emerged as a versatile class of biosensors in the field. Polyethylenimine (PEI) with abundant amine groups plays indispensable roles in the construction of optical nanoprobes and mediating the sensing processes. After interaction with analytes, PEI-based optical nanoprobes can be induced to form aggregates, be disassembled or separated into individual units, or undergo structure/component alterations. As such, the optical properties of these nanoprobes have corresponding changes, allowing for sensitive and selective detection of a wide variety of analytes in biological environment. Up to now, detections of reactive oxygen species, pH, metal ions, biothiols, neurotransmitters, therapeutic agents, oxygen levels, enzyme activities, and virus/bacteria have been successfully demonstrated using PEI-based optical nanoprobes. Herein, we summarize the recent developments of PEI-based optical nanoprobes for biosensing applications and highlight the probe designs and sensing mechanisms. The existing challenges and prospects regarding biosensing applications of PEI-based optical nanoprobes are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Xuhui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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