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Zheng S, Zhang H, Sheng T, Xiang Y, Wang J, Tang Y, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhu X, Zhang Y. Photoswitchable upconversion nanoparticles with excitation-dependent emission for programmed stepwise NIR phototherapy. iScience 2023; 26:107859. [PMID: 37766981 PMCID: PMC10520541 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmable control over therapeutic processes in phototherapy, like photodynamic therapy (PDT), is promising but challenging. This study uses an energy segmentation-based strategy to synthesize core-multi-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which can release three different colors (red, green, and blue) upon exposure to different near-infrared light (1550 nm, 808 nm, and 980 nm). By combining these UCNPs with photosensitizers and nitric oxide (NO) donors, a smart "off-on" PDT nanoplatform is developed. UCNPs enable independent activation of imaging, release of NO, and generation of reactive oxygen species using specific light wavelengths. The results show that sequential NO release before PDT can greatly alleviate tumor hypoxia by reducing oxygen consumption. This stepwise approach shows potential for precise NIR light-activated and imaging-guided phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hengji Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ting Sheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yao Tang
- China Steel Development Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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2
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Li Y, Liu SB, Ni W, Gurzadyan GG, Wu Y, Wang J, Kuang GC, Jiang W. Near-Infrared BODIPY Photosensitizer for Modulating Mitochondrial Fusion Proteins and Inhibiting Choroidal Neovascularization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48027-48037. [PMID: 37812497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers have emerged as cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) activators in photodynamic therapy (PDT), which induced cell apoptosis. As the major contributors to ROS and oxidative stress, mitochondria play an important role in cell apoptosis. Although there are many reports about near-infrared 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) as photosensitizers (PSs) for PDT, this kind of PS has rarely been used for treating mitochondrial function and choroidal neovascularization application at the same time. Herein, a novel near-infrared PS (BDP2) characterized by good water solubility, long wavelength excitation, and high ROS quantum yield has been made. Under near-infrared light irradiation, BDP2 would generate ROS with high yield, induce a mitochondrial morphology change, and trigger cell apoptosis by changing the fusion protein level. Deep investigation revealed that BDP2 can cause oxidative stress, break the balance between fusion and fission of mitochondrial dynamics protein through decreasing fusion protein MFN2 and OPA1 expression, and finally cause cell apoptosis. Due to these characteristics, the BDP2 PS was used to treat choroidal neovascularization in animal models and can inhibit neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Yuelu District, Changsha 410083, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Ni
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, The People's Republic of China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Chao Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Yuelu District, Changsha 410083, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
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3
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Shi Y, Zhu D, Wang D, Liu B, Du X, Wei G, Zhou X. Recent advances of smart AIEgens for photoacoustic imaging and phototherapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Raab M, Skripka A, Bulmahn J, Pliss A, Kuzmin A, Vetrone F, Prasad P. Decoupled Rare-Earth Nanoparticles for On-Demand Upconversion Photodynamic Therapy and High-Contrast Near Infrared Imaging in NIR IIb. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4948-4954. [PMID: 36153945 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth doped multi-shell nanoparticles slated for theranostic applications produce a variety of emission bands upon near-infrared (NIR) excitation. Their downshifting emission is useful for high-contrast NIR imaging, while the upconversion light can induce photodynamic therapy (PDT). Unfortunately, integration of imaging and therapy is challenging. These modalities are better to be controlled independently so that, with the help of imaging, selective delivery of a theranostic agent at the site of interest could be ensured prior to on-demand PDT initiation. We introduce here multi-shell rare-earth doped nanoparticles (RENPs) arranged in a manner to produce only downshifting emission for NIR imaging when excited at one NIR wavelength and upconversion emission for therapeutic action by using a different excitation wavelength. In this work, multi-shell RENPs with a surface-bound sensitizer have been synthesized for decoupled 1550 nm downshifting emission upon 800 nm excitation and 550 nm upconversion emission caused by 980 nm irradiation. The independently controlled emission bands allow for high-contrast NIR imaging in NIR-IIb of optical transparency that gives high-contrast images due to significantly reduced light scattering. This can be conducted prior to PDT using 980 nm to produce upconverted light at 550 nm that excites the RENP surface-bound photosensitizer, Rose Bengal (RB), to effect photodynamic therapy with high specificity and safer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Raab
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Artiom Skripka
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes (Montréal), Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Julia Bulmahn
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
| | - Andrey Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
| | - Fiorenzo Vetrone
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes (Montréal), Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Paras Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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5
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Zong B, Li X, Xu Q, Wang D, Gao P, Zhou Q. Enhanced Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms by Quaternized Chitosan-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy in Persistent Endodontic Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:909492. [PMID: 35711785 PMCID: PMC9195144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.909492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the persistent presence of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in apical root canals, persistent endodontic infections (PEIs) have always been an intractable disease to solve. The conventional root canal disinfectants (e.g., calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine) are arduous to scavenge the stubborn infection. With the progress of nanomedicine in the biomedical field, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is emerging as a prospective anti-infective therapy for PEIs. Herein, quaternized chitosan (QCh) modified upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP)@SiO2/methylene blue (MB) are developed with enhanced antibacterial/biofilm performance for aPDT in PEIs. QCh is coated on the UCNP@SiO2/MB by testing the changes in diameter, chemical functional group, and charge. Interestingly, QCh also increases the conversion efficiency of UCNP to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the prepared UCNP@SiO2/MB@QCh exhibits highly effective antibacterial activity against free E. faecalis and related biofilm in vitro and extracted teeth. Importantly, the additional QCh with positive charges enhance UCNP@SiO2/MB@QCh contact with E. faecalis (negative charges) through electrostatic interaction. Then, UCNP@SiO2/MB@QCh could stick close to the E. faecalis and generate ROS under the irradiation by a 980 nm laser. The in vitro cellular test shows that UCNP@SiO2/MB@QCh has acceptable cytocompatibility. Thus, UCNP@SiO2/MB@QCh could offer a novel strategy for the potential aPDT clinical applications in the treatment of PEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zong
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanchen Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengyu Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Wang L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Liu C, Li M, Liu J, Wang S, Yang D, Luo F, Yan J. LS-HB-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Cell Apoptosis in Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2607-2619. [PMID: 35485954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorin e6-C-15-ethyl ester (LS-HB), a newly identified photosensitizer, was isolated from chlorin e6. The mechanism of tumor cell death induced by photodynamic therapy with LS-HB (LS-HB-PDT) is still unknown. Here, we investigated the photophysical properties of LS-HB, evaluated the antitumor effect on melanoma in vitro and in vivo, and explored its possible mechanisms. LS-HB not only has an optimal spectral band of red wavelength (660 nm) for photosensitization but also has favorable photostability. More importantly, LS-HB-PDT elicited a potent dose-dependent phototoxic effect in vitro. We discovered that LS-HB located in the mitochondria of B16F10 cells was able to generate excess reactive oxygen species, which subsequently resulted in mitochondrial membrane potential loss and induced apoptosis via caspase-9 and caspase-3 pathways. Moreover, PDT with LS-HB markedly inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. Therefore, LS-HB is expected to be an effective potential photosensitizer in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Li Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Fuzhou Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350008, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fanghong Luo
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jianghua Yan
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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7
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for deep-seated lesion is seriously hindered by the limited depth of visible light penetration. Most recently, researchers have designed a genetically-encoded NanoLuc-miniSOG with internal light source for self-excitation, which is highly beneficial for deep PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buhong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Li Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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8
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Aghajanzadeh M, Zamani M, Rajabi Kouchi F, Eixenberger J, Shirini D, Estrada D, Shirini F. Synergic Antitumor Effect of Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy Mediated by Nano Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020322. [PMID: 35214054 PMCID: PMC8880656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a summary of recent progress in the development of different nano-platforms for the efficient synergistic effect between photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. In particular, this review focuses on various methods in which photosensitizers and chemotherapeutic agents are co-delivered to the targeted tumor site. In many cases, the photosensitizers act as drug carriers, but this review, also covers different types of appropriate nanocarriers that aid in the delivery of photosensitizers to the tumor site. These nanocarriers include transition metal, silica and graphene-based materials, liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, metal–organic frameworks, nano emulsions, and biologically derived nanocarriers. Many studies have demonstrated various benefits from using these nanocarriers including enhanced water solubility, stability, longer circulation times, and higher accumulation of therapeutic agents/photosensitizers at tumor sites. This review also describes novel approaches from different research groups that utilize various targeting strategies to increase treatment efficacy through simultaneous photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Aghajanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41335-19141, Iran; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mostafa Zamani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41335-19141, Iran; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fereshteh Rajabi Kouchi
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (F.R.K.); (D.E.)
| | - Josh Eixenberger
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (F.R.K.); (D.E.)
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Correspondence: (J.E.); or (F.S.)
| | - Dorsa Shirini
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (F.R.K.); (D.E.)
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Farhad Shirini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41335-19141, Iran; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.E.); or (F.S.)
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9
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Structural and Spectroscopic Effects of Li + Substitution for Na + in Li xNa 1-xCaGd 0.5Ho 0.05Yb 0.45(MoO 4) 3 Scheelite-Type Upconversion Phosphors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237357. [PMID: 34885937 PMCID: PMC8659099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of new triple molybdates, LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3:Ho3+0.05/Yb3+0.45, was successfully manufactured by the microwave-accompanied sol–gel-based process (MAS). Yellow molybdate phosphors LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3:Ho3+0.05/Yb3+0.45 with variation of the LixNa1-x (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) ratio under constant doping amounts of Ho3+ = 0.05 and Yb3+ = 0.45 were obtained, and the effect of Li+ on their spectroscopic features was investigated. The crystal structures of LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3:Ho3+0.05/Yb3+0.45 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) at room temperature were determined in space group I41/a by Rietveld analysis. Pure NaCaGd0.5Ho0.05Yb0.45(MoO4)3 has a scheelite-type structure with cell parameters a = 5.2077 (2) and c = 11.3657 (5) Å, V = 308.24 (3) Å3, Z = 4. In Li-doped samples, big cation sites are occupied by a mixture of (Li,Na,Gd,Ho,Yb) ions, and this provides a linear cell volume decrease with increasing Li doping level. The evaluated upconversion (UC) behavior and Raman spectroscopic results of the phosphors are discussed in detail. Under excitation at 980 nm, the phosphors provide yellow color emission based on the 5S2/5F4 → 5I8 green emission and the 5F5 → 5I8 red emission. The incorporated Li+ ions gave rise to local symmetry distortion (LSD) around the cations in the substituted crystalline structure by the Ho3+ and Yb3+ ions, and they further affected the UC transition probabilities in triple molybdates LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3:Ho3+0.05/Yb3+0.45. The complex UC intensity dependence on the Li content is explained by the specificity of unit cell distortion in a disordered large ion system within the scheelite crystal structure. The Raman spectra of LixNa1-xCaGd0.5(MoO4)3 doped with Ho3+ and Yb3+ ions were totally superimposed with the luminescence signal of Ho3+ ions in the range of Mo–O stretching vibrations, and increasing the Li+ content resulted in a change in the Ho3+ multiplet intensity. The individual chromaticity points (ICP) for the LiNaCaGd(MoO4)3:Ho3+,Yb3+ phosphors correspond to the equal-energy point in the standard CIE (Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage) coordinates.
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10
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Lin L, Song X, Dong X, Li B. Nano-photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102597. [PMID: 34699982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) together with irradiation light of specific wavelength interacting with oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could trigger apoptosis and/or necrosis-induced cell death in target tissues. During the past two decades, multifunctional nano-PSs employing nanotechnology and nanomedicine developed, which present not only photosensitizing properties but additionally accurate drug release abilities, efficient response to optical stimuli and hypoxia resistance. Further, nano-PSs have been developed to enhance PDT efficacy by improving the ROS yield. In addition, nano-PSs with additive or synergistic therapies are significant for both currently preclinical study and future clinical practice, given their capability of considerable higher therapeutic efficacy under safer systemic drug dosage. In this review, nano-PSs that allow precise drug delivery for efficient absorption by target cells are introduced. Nano-PSs boosting sensitivity and conversion efficiency to PDT-activating stimuli are highlighted. Nano-PSs developed to address the challenging hypoxia conditions during PDT of deep-sited tumors are summarized. Specifically, PSs capable of synergistic therapy and the emerging novel types with higher ROS yield that further enhance PDT efficacy are presented. Finally, future demands for ideal nano-PSs, emphasizing clinical translation and application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaocheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
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11
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Algorri JF, Ochoa M, Roldán-Varona P, Rodríguez-Cobo L, López-Higuera JM. Light Technology for Efficient and Effective Photodynamic Therapy: A Critical Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3484. [PMID: 34298707 PMCID: PMC8307713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment with strong potential over well-established standard therapies in certain cases. Non-ionising radiation, localisation, possible repeated treatments, and stimulation of immunological response are some of the main beneficial features of PDT. Despite the great potential, its application remains challenging. Limited light penetration depth, non-ideal photosensitisers, complex dosimetry, and complicated implementations in the clinic are some limiting factors hindering the extended use of PDT. To surpass actual technological paradigms, radically new sources, light-based devices, advanced photosensitisers, measurement devices, and innovative application strategies are under extensive investigation. The main aim of this review is to highlight the advantages/pitfalls, technical challenges and opportunities of PDT, with a focus on technologies for light activation of photosensitisers, such as light sources, delivery devices, and systems. In this vein, a broad overview of the current status of superficial, interstitial, and deep PDT modalities-and a critical review of light sources and their effects on the PDT process-are presented. Insight into the technical advancements and remaining challenges of optical sources and light devices is provided from a physical and bioengineering perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Mario Ochoa
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Roldán-Varona
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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12
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Abdul Hakeem D, Su S, Mo Z, Wen H. Upconversion luminescent nanomaterials: A promising new platform for food safety analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8866-8907. [PMID: 34159870 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1937039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases have become a significant threat to public health worldwide. Development of analytical techniques that enable fast and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens is significant for food science and safety research. Assays based on lanthanide (Ln) ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) show up as a cutting edge platform in biomedical fields because of the superior physicochemical features of UCNPs, including negligible autofluorescence, large signal-to-noise ratio, minimum photodamage to biological samples, high penetration depth, and attractive optical and chemical features. In recent decades, this novel and promising technology has been gradually introduced to food safety research. Herein, we have reviewed the recent progress of Ln3+-doped UCNPs in food safety research with emphasis on the following aspects: 1) the upconversion mechanism and detection principles; 2) the history of UCNPs development in analytical chemistry; 3) the in-depth state-of-the-art synthesis strategies, including synthesis protocols for UCNPs, luminescence, structure, morphology, and surface engineering; 4) applications of UCNPs in foodborne pathogens detection, including mycotoxins, heavy metal ions, pesticide residue, antibiotics, estrogen residue, and pathogenic bacteria; and 5) the challenging and future perspectives of using UCNPs in food safety research. Considering the diversity and complexity of the foodborne harmful substances, developing novel detections and quantification techniques and the rigorous investigations about the effect of the harmful substances on human health should be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshmukh Abdul Hakeem
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoshan Su
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhurong Mo
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Wen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Wang S, Wang X, Yu L, Sun M. Progress and trends of photodynamic therapy: From traditional photosensitizers to AIE-based photosensitizers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102254. [PMID: 33713845 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established clinical treatment technology which utilizes excitation light of a specific wavelength to activate photosensitizers (PSs) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to cancer cell death. Over the past decades of PDT research, progress have been made in the development of PSs. However, many inherent characteristics of traditional PSs have caused various problems in PDT, such as low treatment efficiency at aggregation state and shallow treatment depth. In solution to these problems, aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based PSs have been reported in recent years. Here, this article reviews the design strategy and the biomedical applications of AIE PSs in detail, which begins with a summary of traditional PSs for a comparison between traditional PSs and AIE PSs. Subsequently, the different functional AIE PSs in photodynamic cancer cells ablation and image-guided therapy are discussed in detail taking controllable excitation wavelength, stimulus response and PDT/photothermal therapy synergistic effect as examples. These studies have demonstrated the great potential of AIE PSs as effective theranostic agents. And the review provides references for the development of new PSs and hopefully spur research interest in AIE PSs for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings, Marine Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings, Marine Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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14
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Xiang G, Liu X, Xia Q, Liu X, Xu S, Jiang S, Zhou X, Li L, Wu D, Ma L, Wang X, Zhang J. Design of a bi-functional NaScF 4: Yb 3+/Er 3+ nanoparticles for deep-tissue bioimaging and optical thermometry through Mn 2+ doping. Talanta 2021; 224:121832. [PMID: 33379050 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An approximately monochromatic red upconversion (UC) emission is successfully realized in NaScF4: Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles (NPs) through Mn2+ ions doping without phase transition. The Mn2+ ions play a role of bridge during the energy transfer process from green emission state 2H11/2/4S3/2 of Er3+ to red emission state 4F9/2 of Er3+, which significantly accelerates the red UC enhancement. The strongest red luminescence is observed in the sample containing 10% Mn2+ ions (Mn-10) with an enhancement factor of 7.5 times. Meanwhile, an ultrasensitive optical thermometry in the physiological temperature region can be realized by utilizing the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between two thermally coupled Stark transitions of Er3+: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2, locating in the near-infrared (NIR) long wavelength region of the second biological window. Its relative sensitivity SR can be expressed by 340/T2, which is much higher than most optical thermometers based on thermally coupled Stark sublevels reported by the previous papers. Beyond that, an ex vivo experiment is designed to evaluate the penetration depth of the red and NIR emission of Mn-10 in the biological tissues, revealing that they can reach depth of at least 3 mm and 5 mm respectively. More importantly, the increasing tissue thickness has almost no effect on the FIR values. All the results show that the present sample is a promising bi-functional nano probe which can be used for bioimaging and temperature sensing in the deep tissues through the strong red UC emission and ultrasensitive NIR optical thermometer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Xiang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing, 400065, China.
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Xiuchong Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Xianju Zhou
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA.
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Eastern South Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, China.
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15
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Li XY, Tan LC, Dong LW, Zhang WQ, Shen XX, Lu X, Zheng H, Lu YG. Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms During Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597. [PMID: 32528867 PMCID: PMC7247862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive malignant skin tumor and arises from melanocytes. The resistance of melanoma cells to various treatments results in rapid tumor growth and high mortality. As a local therapeutic modality, photodynamic therapy has been successfully applied for clinical treatment of skin diseases. Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new treatment method for various types of malignant tumors in humans and, compared to conventional treatment methods, has fewer side effects, and is more accurate and non-invasive. Although several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown encouraging results regarding the potential benefits of photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant treatment for melanoma, its clinical application remains limited owing to its relative inefficiency. This review article discusses the use of photodynamic therapy in melanoma treatment as well as the latest progress made in deciphering the mechanism of tolerance. Lastly, potential targets are identified that may improve photodynamic therapy against melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu-Chang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Wen Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Gang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Huang Y, Qiu F, Chen R, Yan D, Zhu X. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based drug delivery systems for enhanced photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3772-3788. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00262c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this Review, recent advances in fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based drug delivery systems for enhanced photodynamic therapy are described, and the current challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
- National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200011
- P. R. China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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