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Kargari Aghmiouni D, Khoee S. Dual-Drug Delivery by Anisotropic and Uniform Hybrid Nanostructures: A Comparative Study of the Function and Substrate-Drug Interaction Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041214. [PMID: 37111700 PMCID: PMC10142803 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
By utilizing nanoparticles to upload and interact with several pharmaceuticals in varying methods, the primary obstacles associated with loading two or more medications or cargos with different characteristics may be addressed. Therefore, it is feasible to evaluate the benefits provided by co-delivery systems utilizing nanoparticles by investigating the properties and functions of the commonly used structures, such as multi- or simultaneous-stage controlled release, synergic effect, enhanced targetability, and internalization. However, due to the unique surface or core features of each hybrid design, the eventual drug-carrier interactions, release, and penetration processes may vary. Our review article focused on the drug's loading, binding interactions, release, physiochemical, and surface functionalization features, as well as the varying internalization and cytotoxicity of each structure that may aid in the selection of an appropriate design. This was achieved by comparing the actions of uniform-surfaced hybrid particles (such as core-shell particles) to those of anisotropic, asymmetrical hybrid particles (such as Janus, multicompartment, or patchy particles). Information is provided on the use of homogeneous or heterogeneous particles with specified characteristics for the simultaneous delivery of various cargos, possibly enhancing the efficacy of treatment techniques for illnesses such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Kargari Aghmiouni
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
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Li J, Sun R, Xu H, Wang G. Integrative Metabolomics, Proteomics and Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Liver Toxicity of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835359. [PMID: 35153799 PMCID: PMC8829009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As pharmaceutical excipients, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted considerable concern based on potential risks to the public. The impact of MSNs on biochemical metabolism is poorly understood, and few studies have compared the effects of MSNs administered via different routes. To evaluate the hepatotoxicity of MSNs, metabolomics, proteomics and transcriptomic analyses were performed in mice after intravenous (20 mg/kg/d) or oral ad-ministration (200 mg/kg/d) of MSNs for 10 days. Intravenous injection induced significant hepatic injury based on pathological inspection and increased the levels of AST/ALT and the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-a. Omics data suggested intravenous administration of MSNs perturbed the following metabolites: succinate, hypoxanthine, GSSG, NADP+, NADPH and 6-phosphogluconic acid. In addition, increases in GPX, SOD3, G6PD, HK, and PFK at proteomic and transcriptomic levels suggested elevation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, synthesis of glutathione and nucleotides, and antioxidative pathway activity, whereas oxidative phosphorylation, TCA and mitochondrial energy metabolism were reduced. On the other hand, oral administration of MSNs disturbed inflammatory factors and metabolites of ribose-5-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, GSSG, and NADP+ associated with the pentose phosphate pathway, glutathione synthesis and oxidative stress albeit to a lesser extent than intravenous injection despite the administration of a ten-fold greater dose. Overall, systematic biological data suggested that intravenous injection of nanoparticles of pharmaceutical excipients substantially affected hepatic metabolism function and induced oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas oral administration exhibited milder effects compared with intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Lab of Nano-Biology Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Institute of Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Lab of Nano-Biology Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Institute of Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Yang P, Zhang S, Wang K, Qi H. Synthesis of pH-responsive cyclometalated iridium(III) complex and its application in the selective killing of cancerous cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17338-17345. [PMID: 34788356 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are promising candidates as photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The challenge in PDT is the selective killing of cancerous cells over the neighboring normal cells. In this work, a pH-responsive cyclometalated iridium(III) complex (probe 1) was designed and synthesized as an effective PS to selectively kill cancerous cells, with 3-(2-pyridyl)benzaldehyde used as the main ligand and 1-(2-pyridyl)-β-carboline used as an ancillary ligand. Probe 1 shows enhanced photoluminescence emission and higher 1O2 quantum yield in an acidic environment compared to a neutral solution, which led to remarkable phototoxicity toward cancerous cells and high selectivity for killing cancerous cells over normal cells within 10 min. This work demonstrates that the cyclometalated iridium(III) complex with acidic pH-responsive photoluminescence emission and high 1O2 generation is an effective alternative PS for selectively killing cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.
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Shrestha B, Wang L, Brey EM, Uribe GR, Tang L. Smart Nanoparticles for Chemo-Based Combinational Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:853. [PMID: 34201333 PMCID: PMC8227511 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous and complex disease. Traditional cancer therapy is associated with low therapeutic index, acquired resistance, and various adverse effects. With the increasing understanding of cancer biology and technology advancements, more strategies have been exploited to optimize the therapeutic outcomes. The rapid development and application of nanomedicine have motivated this progress. Combinational regimen, for instance, has become an indispensable approach for effective cancer treatment, including the combination of chemotherapeutic agents, chemo-energy, chemo-gene, chemo-small molecules, and chemo-immunology. Additionally, smart nanoplatforms that respond to external stimuli (such as light, temperature, ultrasound, and magnetic field), and/or to internal stimuli (such as changes in pH, enzymes, hypoxia, and redox) have been extensively investigated to improve precision therapy. Smart nanoplatforms for combinational therapy have demonstrated the potential to be the next generation cancer treatment regimen. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in smart combinational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriela Romero Uribe
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (B.S.); (L.W.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (B.S.); (L.W.); (E.M.B.)
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Pontón I, Martí del Rio A, Gómez Gómez M, Sánchez-García D. Preparation and Applications of Organo-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Co-Delivery of Drugs and Nucleic Acids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2466. [PMID: 33317099 PMCID: PMC7763534 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapies rely on the administration of more than one drug, with independent mechanisms of action, aiming to enhance the efficiency of the treatment. For an optimal performance, the implementation of such therapies requires the delivery of the correct combination of drugs to a specific cellular target. In this context, the use of nanoparticles (NP) as platforms for the co-delivery of multiple drugs is considered a highly promising strategy. In particular, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have emerged as versatile building blocks to devise complex drug delivery systems (DDS). This review describes the design, synthesis, and application of MSNs to the delivery of multiple drugs including nucleic acids for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Sánchez-García
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (I.P.); (A.M.d.R.); (M.G.G.)
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Al-Kattan A, M. A. Ali L, Daurat M, Mattana E, Gary-Bobo M. Biological Assessment of Laser-Synthesized Silicon Nanoparticles Effect in Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy on Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1462. [PMID: 32722568 PMCID: PMC7466460 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Driven by their distinctive physiological activities, biological properties and unique theranostic modalities, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the promising materials for the development of novel multifunctional nanoplatforms for biomedical applications. In this work, we assessed the possibility to use laser-synthesized Si NPs as photosensitizers in two-photon excited photodynamic therapy (TPE-PDT) modality. Herein, we used an easy strategy to synthesize ultraclean and monodispersed SiNPs using laser ablation and fragmentation sequences of silicon wafer in aqueous solution, which prevent any specific purification step. Structural analysis revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution centered at the mean size diameter of 62 nm ± 0.42 nm, while the negative surface charge of -40 ± 0.3 mV ensured a great stability without sedimentation over a long period of time. In vitro studies on human cancer cell lines (breast and liver) and healthy cells revealed their low cytotoxicity without any light stimulus and their therapeutic potential under TPE-PDT mode at 900 nm with a promising cell death of 45% in case of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, as a consequence of intracellular reactive oxygen species release. Their luminescence emission inside the cells was clearly observed at UV-Vis region. Compared to Si nanoparticles synthesized via chemical routes, which are often linked to additional modules with photochemical and photobiological properties to boost photodynamic effect, laser-synthesized SiNPs exhibit promising intrinsic therapeutic and imaging properties to develop advanced strategy in nanomedicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Kattan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Lamiaa M. A. Ali
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.M.A.A.); (E.M.); (M.G.-B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Morgane Daurat
- NanoMedSyn, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Elodie Mattana
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.M.A.A.); (E.M.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Magali Gary-Bobo
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.M.A.A.); (E.M.); (M.G.-B.)
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Gisbert-Garzarán M, Vallet-Regí M. Influence of the Surface Functionalization on the Fate and Performance of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E916. [PMID: 32397449 PMCID: PMC7279540 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been broadly applied as drug delivery systems owing to their exquisite features, such as excellent textural properties or biocompatibility. However, there are various biological barriers that prevent their proper translation into the clinic, including: (1) lack of selectivity toward tumor tissues, (2) lack of selectivity for tumoral cells and (3) endosomal sequestration of the particles upon internalization. In addition, their open porous structure may lead to premature drug release, consequently affecting healthy tissues and decreasing the efficacy of the treatment. First, this review will provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of the different approximations that have been implemented into mesoporous silica nanoparticles to overcome each of such biological barriers. Afterward, the potential premature and non-specific drug release from these mesoporous nanocarriers will be addressed by introducing the concept of stimuli-responsive gatekeepers, which endow the particles with on-demand and localized drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gisbert-Garzarán
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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