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Bakunina I, Slepchenko L, Anastyuk S, Isakov V, Likhatskaya G, Kim N, Tekutyeva L, Son O, Balabanova L. Characterization of Properties and Transglycosylation Abilities of Recombinant α-Galactosidase from Cold-Adapted Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas KMM 701 and Its C494N and D451A Mutants. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E349. [PMID: 30250010 PMCID: PMC6213131 DOI: 10.3390/md16100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel wild-type recombinant cold-active α-d-galactosidase (α-PsGal) from the cold-adapted marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. KMM 701, and its mutants D451A and C494N, were studied in terms of their structural, physicochemical, and catalytic properties. Homology models of the three-dimensional α-PsGal structure, its active center, and complexes with D-galactose were constructed for identification of functionally important amino acid residues in the active site of the enzyme, using the crystal structure of the α-galactosidase from Lactobacillus acidophilus as a template. The circular dichroism spectra of the wild α-PsGal and mutant C494N were approximately identical. The C494N mutation decreased the efficiency of retaining the affinity of the enzyme to standard p-nitrophenyl-α-galactopiranoside (pNP-α-Gal). Thin-layer chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods were used to identify transglycosylation products in reaction mixtures. α-PsGal possessed a narrow acceptor specificity. Fructose, xylose, fucose, and glucose were inactive as acceptors in the transglycosylation reaction. α-PsGal synthesized -α(1→6)- and -α(1→4)-linked galactobiosides from melibiose as well as -α(1→6)- and -α(1→3)-linked p-nitrophenyl-digalactosides (Gal₂-pNP) from pNP-α-Gal. The D451A mutation in the active center completely inactivated the enzyme. However, the substitution of C494N discontinued the Gal-α(1→3)-Gal-pNP synthesis and increased the Gal-α(1→4)-Gal yield compared to Gal-α(1→6)-Gal-pNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bakunina
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of action of Biologically Active Substances, Laboratory of Instrumental and Radioisotope Testing Methods, Group of NMR-Spectroscopy of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Lubov Slepchenko
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of action of Biologically Active Substances, Laboratory of Instrumental and Radioisotope Testing Methods, Group of NMR-Spectroscopy of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
- School of Economics and Management, School of Natural Sciences of Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Stanislav Anastyuk
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of action of Biologically Active Substances, Laboratory of Instrumental and Radioisotope Testing Methods, Group of NMR-Spectroscopy of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Isakov
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of action of Biologically Active Substances, Laboratory of Instrumental and Radioisotope Testing Methods, Group of NMR-Spectroscopy of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Galina Likhatskaya
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of action of Biologically Active Substances, Laboratory of Instrumental and Radioisotope Testing Methods, Group of NMR-Spectroscopy of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Natalya Kim
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of action of Biologically Active Substances, Laboratory of Instrumental and Radioisotope Testing Methods, Group of NMR-Spectroscopy of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Liudmila Tekutyeva
- School of Economics and Management, School of Natural Sciences of Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Oksana Son
- School of Economics and Management, School of Natural Sciences of Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Larissa Balabanova
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of action of Biologically Active Substances, Laboratory of Instrumental and Radioisotope Testing Methods, Group of NMR-Spectroscopy of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
- School of Economics and Management, School of Natural Sciences of Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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Efficient and regioselective synthesis of globotriose by a novel α-galactosidase from Bacteroides fragilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6693-6702. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Weignerová L, Simerská P, Křen V. α-Galactosidases and their applications in biotransformations. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420802583416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang J, Zhang B, Fang J, Sujino K, Li H, Otter A, Hindsgaul O, Palcic MM, Wang PG. Frontal Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry: An Effective Method for KdDetermination and Screening of α‐Gal Derivatives Binding to Anti‐Gal Antibodies (IgG). J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120025323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
- b Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- c Triad Therapeutics, Inc. , 9381 Judicial Drive, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Boyan Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jianwen Fang
- b Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Keiko Sujino
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Hong Li
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Albin Otter
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ole Hindsgaul
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Monica M. Palcic
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Peng George Wang
- b Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
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Scigelova M, Sedmera P, Havlicek V, Prikrylova V, Kren V. Glycosidase-Catalysed Synthesis of Ergot Alkaloid α-Glycosides. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309808007468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Scigelova
- a Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Videnska, 1083 , CZ-142 20, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sedmera
- a Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Videnska, 1083 , CZ-142 20, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Havlicek
- a Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Videnska, 1083 , CZ-142 20, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vera Prikrylova
- a Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Videnska, 1083 , CZ-142 20, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kren
- a Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Videnska, 1083 , CZ-142 20, Prague , Czech Republic
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Xian M, Fatima Z, Zhang W, Fang J, Li H, Pei D, Loo J, Stevenson T, Wang PG. Identification of α-Galactosyl Epitope Mimetics through Rapid Generation and Screening of C-Linked Glycopeptide Library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 6:126-34. [PMID: 14714996 DOI: 10.1021/cc030042u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general methodology has been established for rapid generation and screening of combinatorial glycopeptide library and subsequent mass spectrometric sequencing to identify the mimetics of Galalpha(1,3)Gal epitopes. Using this approach, several active glycopeptide sequences were recognized and found to inhibit the binding of human natural anti-Gal antibodies with comparable IC(50)s to synthetic Galalpha(1,3)Gal oligosaccharides. The most active glycopeptides detected from the library included Gal-Tyr-Trp-Arg-Tyr, Gal-Thr-Trp-Arg-Tyr, and Gal-Arg-Trp-Arg-Tyr. These glycopeptides showed higher affinities to anti-Gal antibodies than known Galalpha(1,3)Gal peptide mimetics, such as DAHWESWL and SSLRGF. Our results suggest that, by combining a peptide sequence (the "functional" mimic part) with a terminal alpha-linked galactose moiety (the "structural" mimic part), the resulting glycopeptide could be a very good Galalpha(1,3)Gal mimetic. Analysis of these active glycopeptides provided first-hand information regarding the binding site of anti-Gal antibodies to facilitate the structurally based design of more potent and stable inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xian
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Langlois V, Parisot J, Bonnet V, Rabiller C. Transfer activity of bovine liver β-glucuronidase: synthesis of disaccharides containing a β-d-glucopyranuronate unit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Spangenberg P, André C, Langlois V, Dion M, Rabiller C. Alpha-galactosyl fluoride in transfer reactions mediated by the green coffee beans alpha-galactosidase in ice. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:221-8. [PMID: 11844492 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We show that the yields in saccharide synthesis by tranglycosylation with alpha-galactosidase from green coffee beans can be greatly enhanced when working in ice. Thus, methyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (3a) produced by reaction of alpha-D-galactopyranosyl fluoride 1 with methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside (2) is obtained with 51% yield in ice while only 29% is synthesized at 37 degrees C. This result, already previously found by others with proteases and by us with a beta-galactosidase appears to be a general property of hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Spangenberg
- Unité de Recherches en Biocatalyse (unité CNRS 2230), Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes, France
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Chen X, Liu Z, Zhang J, Zhang W, Kowal P, Wang PG. Reassembled Biosynthetic Pathway for Large-Scale Carbohydrate Synthesis:α-Gal Epitope Producing “Superbug”. Chembiochem 2002; 3:47-53. [PMID: 17590953 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20020104)3:1<47::aid-cbic47>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A metabolic pathway engineered Escherichia coli strain (superbug) containing one plasmid harboring an artificial gene cluster encoding all the five enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of Galalpha l,3Lac through galactose metabolism has been developed. The plasmid contains a lambda promoter, a c1857 repressor gene, an ampicillin resistance gene, and a T7 terminator. Each gene was preceded by a Shine - Dalgarno sequence for ribosome binding. In a reaction catalyzed by the recombinant E. coli strain, Galalpha 1,3Lac trisaccharide accumulated at concentrations of 14.2 mM (7.2 gL(-1)) in a reaction mixture containing galactose, glucose, lactose, and a catalytic amount of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose. This work demonstrates that large-scale synthesis of complex oligosaccharides can be achieved economically and efficiently through a single, biosynthetic pathway engineered microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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André C, Spangenberg P, Gentil E, Rabiller C. In situ 19F NMR spectroscopy study of enzymatic transglycosylation reactions using α-d-aldohexopyranosyl fluorides as donors and acceptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Weignerová L, Hun̆ková Z, Kuzma M, Kr̆en V. Enzymatic synthesis of three pNP-α-galactobiopyranosides: application of the library of fungal α-galactosidases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Koeller KM, Wong CH. Synthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates: enzyme-based and programmable one-pot strategies. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4465-94. [PMID: 11749355 DOI: 10.1021/cr990297n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Koeller
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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13
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Spangenberg P, André C, Dion M, Rabiller C, Mattes R. Comparative study of new alpha-galactosidases in transglycosylation reactions. Carbohydr Res 2000; 329:65-73. [PMID: 11086687 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the potential of several newly cloned alpha-galactosidases to catalyze the regioselective synthesis of disaccharides using 4-nitrophenylgalactoside as a donor. The kinetics of the reactions were followed by in situ NMR spectroscopy. The following thermophilic enzymes have been tested: Aga A and an isoenzyme Aga B obtained from the strain KVE39 and Aga 285 from the strain IT285 of Bacillus stearothermophilus; Aga T is an alpha-galactosidase from Thermus brockianus (strain IT360). Two other non-thermophilic alpha-galactosidases have also been evaluated: Aga 1 (Streptococcus mutans, strain Ingbritt) and Raf A (Escherichia coli, strain D1021). For all of the enzymes studied, high regioselectivity was observed leading to two (1 --> 6)-disaccharides: 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1--> 6)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and methyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1--> 6)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, which were obtained in 54% (Aga B) and 20% (Aga T) yields, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spangenberg
- Unité de Recherches en Biocatalyse (Unité CNRS 2230), Faculte des Sciences et des Techniques, Nantes, France
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14
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Hernaiz MJ, Crout DH. Immobilization/stabilization on Eupergit C of the beta-galactosidase from B. circulans and an alpha-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 27:26-32. [PMID: 10862898 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two synthetically useful glycosidases, the beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans and an alpha-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae have been immobilized on Eupergit C. The immobilized enzymes retain high catalytic activity and show increased thermal stability compared with the free enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Hernaiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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Weignerová L, Sedmera P, Huňková Z, Halada P, Křen V, Casali M, Riva S. Enzymatic synthesis of iso-globotriose from partially protected lactose. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Wang JQ, Chen X, Zhang W, Zacharek S, Chen Y, Wang PG. Enhanced Inhibition of Human Anti-Gal Antibody Binding to Mammalian Cells by Synthetic α-Gal Epitope Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianq-Qiang Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Xi Chen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Wei Zhang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Sima Zacharek
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Peng George Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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Fang J, Li J, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Guo Z, Zhang W, Yu L, Brew K, Wang PG. Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of α-Galactosyl Epitopes with a Recombinant α(1→3)-Galactosyltransferase. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9808898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Fang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Jun Li
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Xi Chen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Zhengmao Guo
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Wei Zhang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Libing Yu
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Keith Brew
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Peng George Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Florida 33101
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Crout DH, Vic G. Glycosidases and glycosyl transferases in glycoside and oligosaccharide synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 1998; 2:98-111. [PMID: 9667913 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(98)80041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Remarakable advances in glycobiology in recent years have stimulated a resurgence of interest in carbohydrate chemistry. The challenge of producing the complex glycosides and oligosaccharides needed for research in glycobiology has led to the development of enzymatic methods that are now firmly established as part of the synthetic repertoire of the carbohydrate chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Crout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Abstract
Enzymatic protecting group techniques are increasingly finding their use in almost all areas of synthetic organic chemistry. Some of the recent papers have dealt with the use of such protecting groups in combination with classical methods. The modification of known protecting groups to increase the efficiency and selectivity of deprotection is on the rise. The methodology needs to be explored more intensively and systematically to realise its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pathak
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Richard-Willstätter-Allee 2, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Chiffoleau-Giraud V, Spangenberg P, Rabiller C. β-Galactosidase transferase activity in ice and use of vinyl-β-d-galactoside as donor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(97)00194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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