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Hu C, Feng J, Cao Y, Chen L, Li Y. Deep eutectic solvents in sample preparation and determination methods of pesticides: Recent advances and future prospects. Talanta 2024; 266:125092. [PMID: 37633040 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in sample preparation and determination methods of pesticides in food, environmental, and biological matrices since 2019. Emphasis is placed on new DES categories and emerging microextraction techniques. The former incorporate hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents, magnetic deep eutectic solvents, and responsive switchable deep eutectic solvents, while the latter mainly include dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, liquid-liquid microextraction based on in-situ formation/decomposition of DESs, single drop microextraction, hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction, and solid-phase microextraction. The principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of these microextraction techniques are presented. Besides, the use of DESs in chromatographic separation, electrochemical biosensors, fluorescent sensors, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are discussed. This review is expected to provide a valuable reference for extracting and detecting pesticides or other hazardous contaminants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianan Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiqing Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Ameen F, Al-Masri AA. Extraction and determination of aflatoxin B1 in cereal samples using pH-switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents followed by HPLC-FL analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:3802-3809. [PMID: 37498176 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00980g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A quick, simple and environmentally friendly liquid phase microextraction (LPME) sample pretreatment procedure was proposed based on pH-switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FL). This method was used for the quantitative study of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and applied to eight widely consumed cereal samples. In this method, six different DESs were synthesized and then their pH-switchability was investigated. DESs that could be switched with pH were employed for separation and preconcentration of AFB1 in cereal samples. In this method, dispersing the extractant phase in the aqueous solution and subsequent phase separation are performed only by changing the pH. Important parameters affecting extraction, such as the type of DES and its volume, concentration of KOH, volume of HCL, effect of salt and extraction time were investigated and optimum conditions were obtained. Under the optimum conditions, relative standard deviation (RSD) values for intra-day and inter-day of the method based on seven replicate measurements of 5.0 μg kg-1 of AFB1 in cereal samples were 3.3 and 5.2%, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.007-20 μg kg-1 and limit of detection (LOD) was 0.002 μg kg-1. The relative recoveries of real cereal samples which have been spiked with different levels of AFB1 were 90.8-107.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer A Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kaboodi A, Mirzaei H, Katiraee F, Javadi A, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Development of deep eutectic solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction combined with temperature controlled ionic liquid-based liquid phase microextraction for extraction of aflatoxins from cheese samples. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300068. [PMID: 37407502 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, a deep eutectic solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction was combined with ionic liquid-based temperature controlled liquid phase microextraction for the extraction of several aflatoxins from cheese samples. Briefly, the analytes are extracted from cheese sample (3 g) into a mixture of 1.5 mL choline chloride:ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent and 3.5 mL deionized water by exposing to microwave irradiations for 60 s at 180 W. The liquid phase was taken and mixed with 55 μL 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. By cooling the solution in the refrigerator centrifuge, a turbid state was obtained and the analytes were extracted into the ionic liquid droplets. The analytes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector. Low limits of detection (9-23 ng kg-1 ) and quantification (30-77 ng kg-1 ), high extraction recovery (66%-83%), acceptable enrichment factor (40-50), and good precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 5.2%) were obtained using the offered approach. These results reveal the high extraction capability of the method for determination of aflatoxins in the cheese samples. In this method, there was no need for organic solvents and it can be considered as green extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aso Kaboodi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirzaei
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Health Promotion Research Center, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Katiraee
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Javadi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Health Promotion Research Center, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ahmadi R, Azooz EA, Yamini Y, Ramezani AM. Liquid-liquid microextraction techniques based on in-situ formation/decomposition of deep eutectic solvents. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Liu Z, Deng M, Qu Y, Liang N, Zhao L. An efficient extraction method for ergosterol from Lentinus edodes stem by ultrasonic-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Andruch V, Kalyniukova A, Płotka-Wasylka J, Jatkowska N, Snigur D, Zaruba S, Płatkiewicz J, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Werner J. Application of deep eutectic solvents in sample preparation for analysis (update 2017–2022). Part A: Liquid phase microextraction. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ahmer MF, Ullah Q. Development and applications of deep eutectic solvents in different chromatographic techniques. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction-assisted by deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of different chlorophenols from water samples followed by analysis using gas chromatography-electron capture detection. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Zhang J, Li S, Yao L, Yi Y, Shen L, Li Z, Qiu H. Responsive switchable deep eutectic solvents: A review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Raj D. Eutectic Thin-Layer Chromatography as a New Possibility for Quantification of Plant Extracts-A Case Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092960. [PMID: 35566305 PMCID: PMC9105703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES), compared to classic ones, have interesting properties, such as the ability to solubilize compounds differing in polarity or increased dissolution of selected chemical compounds. They also offer specific interactions between the mobile and stationary phases. Those features make them promising solvents in chromatographic techniques, including the use in the separation of complicated samples. The first quantitative analysis with eutectic thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is presented in the paper. As a case study, five alkaloids from Chelidonium maius were selected as target compounds. A wide range of terpene-based DESs was investigated to develop the chromatographic system, both pure and after dilution. Moreover, a novel approach was employed to adjust polarity, involving mixing DESs differing in chromatographic properties. This procedure has proved to be effective. The best results were obtained with a 2:1 (wt/wt) mixture of DESs: camphor + phenol and menthol + limonene, with a 20% addition of methanol. The chromatographic system was validated and checked on the real sample, which made it the first applicable and operational quantitative eutectic TLC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Raj
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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El-Deen AK, Shimizu K. Deep Eutectic Solvents as Promising Green Solvents in Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet: Recent Applications, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:7406. [PMID: 34885987 PMCID: PMC8659195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently attracted attention as a promising green alternative to conventional hazardous solvents by virtue of their simple preparation, low cost, and biodegradability. Even though the application of DESs in analytical chemistry is still in its early stages, the number of publications on this topic is growing. Analytical procedures applying dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets (DLLME-SFOD) are among the more appealing approaches where DESs have been found to be applicable. Herein, we provide a summary of the articles that are concerned with the application of DESs in the DLLME-SFOD of target analytes from diverse samples to provide up-to-date knowledge in this area. In addition, the major variables influencing enrichment efficiency and the microextraction mechanism are fully investigated and explained. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of applying DESs in DLLME-SFOD are thoroughly discussed and are critically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Kamal El-Deen
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
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Shi Z, Li X, Tian Y, Fan Y, Liu J, Zhang H. Hydrophobicity-switchable deep eutectic solvent-based effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating droplets for HPLC determination of anthraquinones in fried Cassiae semen tea infusions. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4739-4746. [PMID: 34558572 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01288f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a hydrophobicity-switchable deep eutectic solvent was evaluated for the first time as an efficient extractant in the effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method combined with the solidification of floating droplets for HPLC determination of anthraquinones in fried Cassiae semen tea infusions. Prepared from choline chloride and octanoic acid, the deep eutectic solvent could be switched between hydrophobic and hydrophilic forms by pH adjustment. The dispersion of the extractant was assisted by in situ CO2 produced from the effervescence reaction between H2SO4 and Na2CO3 without using any organic solvent or auxiliary equipment. Owing to the low melting/freezing point and low density compared with water, the extractant was solidified in an ice bath for the convenience of complete separation with the sample matrix. Some important parameters, such as species, molar ratio and volume of deep eutectic solvent, species and volume of effervescent agents were optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, extraction recoveries were obtained for four anthraquinones in the range of 91.1% to 111.9%. Relative standard deviations for intraday and interday precision were less than 3.3% and 4.0%, respectively. Greenness assessment demonstrated that the proposed method was greener than other reported methods for the determination of anthraquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xinye Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yuehong Tian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Junjie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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