1
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Knežević S, Totoricaguena-Gorriño J, Gajjala RKR, Hermenegildo B, Ruiz-Rubio L, Vilas-Vilela JL, Lanceros-Méndez S, Sojic N, Del Campo FJ. Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence at the Gas/Liquid Interface of Bubbles Propelled into Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22724-22735. [PMID: 39090816 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is typically confined to a micrometric region from the electrode surface. This study demonstrates that ECL emission can extend up to several millimeters away from the electrode employing electrogenerated chlorine bubbles. The mechanism behind this bubble-enhanced ECL was investigated using an Au microelectrode in chloride-containing and chloride-free electrolyte solutions. We discovered that ECL emission at the gas/solution interface is driven by two parallel effects. First, the bubble corona effect facilitates the generation of hydroxyl radicals capable of oxidizing luminol while the bubble is attached to the surface. Second, hypochlorite generated from chlorine sustains luminol emission for over 200 s and extends the emission range up to 5 mm into the solution, following bubble detachment. The new approach can increase the emission intensity of luminol-based assays 5-fold compared to the conventional method. This is demonstrated through a glucose bioassay, using a midrange mobile phone camera for detection. These findings significantly expand the potential applications of ECL by extending its effective range in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Knežević
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Joseba Totoricaguena-Gorriño
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
| | - Rajendra Kumar Reddy Gajjala
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
| | - Bruno Hermenegildo
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
| | - Leire Ruiz-Rubio
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
- Grupo de Química Macromolecular, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV-EHU, Campus de Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
| | - José Luis Vilas-Vilela
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
- Grupo de Química Macromolecular, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV-EHU, Campus de Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Francisco Javier Del Campo
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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2
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Kong YC, Ye D, Xu CH, Ma Z, Zhao H, Zhao W. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Imaging of Single-Atom Nanocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318748. [PMID: 38374765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs), distinguished by their maximum atom efficiency and precise control over the coordination and electronic properties of individual atoms, show great promise in electrocatalysis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical performance of SACs requires the screening of electron transfer process at micro/nano scale. This research pioneers the use of electrogenerated chemiluminescence microscopy (ECLM) to observe the electrocatalytic reactions at individual SACs. It boasts sensitivity at the single photon level and temporal resolution down to 100 ms, enabling real-time capture of the electrochemical behavior of individual SACs during potential sweeping. Leveraging the direct correlation between ECL emission and heterogeneous electron transfer processes, we introduced photon flux density for quantitative analysis, unveiling the electrocatalytic efficiency of individual SACs. This approach systematically reveals the relationship between SACs based on different metal atoms and their peroxidase (POD)-like activity. The outcomes contribute to a fundamental understanding of SACs and pave the way for designing SACs with diverse technological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chen Kong
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China
| | - Daixin Ye
- Department of Chemistry & Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Cong-Hui Xu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China
| | - Zijian Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China
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3
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Saqib M, Zafar M, Halawa MI, Murtaza S, Kamal GM, Xu G. Nanoscale Luminescence Imaging/Detection of Single Particles: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:3-24. [PMID: 38404493 PMCID: PMC10885340 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-particle-level measurements, during the reaction, avoid averaging effects that are inherent limitations of conventional ensemble strategies. It allows revealing structure-activity relationships beyond averaged properties by considering crucial particle-selective descriptors including structure/morphology dynamics, intrinsic heterogeneity, and dynamic fluctuations in reactivity (kinetics, mechanisms). In recent years, numerous luminescence (optical) techniques such as chemiluminescence (CL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and fluorescence (FL) microscopies have been emerging as dominant tools to achieve such measurements, owing to their diversified spectroscopy principles, noninvasive nature, higher sensitivity, and sufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Correspondingly, state-of-the-art methodologies and tools are being used for probing (real-time, operando, in situ) diverse applications of single particles in sensing, medicine, and catalysis. Herein, we provide a concise and comprehensive perspective on luminescence-based detection and imaging of single particles by putting special emphasis on their basic principles, mechanistic pathways, advances, challenges, and key applications. This Perspective focuses on the development of emission intensities and imaging based individual particle detection. Moreover, several key examples in the areas of sensing, motion, catalysis, energy, materials, and emerging trends in related areas are documented. We finally conclude with the opportunities and remaining challenges to stimulate further developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Zafar
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Kamal
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Guobao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, 5625 Renmin
Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- School
of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Zhao X, Li Y, Cui Y, Saqib M, Zhang X, Hao R, Zheng Z. Spatiotemporally and Chemically Resolved Imaging of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution on Single Nanoplates of Cobalt-Layered Hydroxide. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20897-20906. [PMID: 37721427 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-layered hydroxides have been extensively studied in order to address the key challenge of slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, how the catalytically active sites are evolved and the corresponding heterogeneous structure-property relationship remain unclear. Herein, using cobalt-layered hydroxide as a representative catalyst, we report a strategy for the comprehensive in situ investigation of the electrocatalytic OER process at the single electrocatalyst level using combined electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and vis-absorption microscopy. The stepwise heterogeneous electrocatalytic responses of single-cobalt hydroxide nanoplates are unveiled with ECL imaging, and the corresponding valence state changes are revealed by vis-absorption imaging. The correlated in situ and ex situ multimode analyses indicate that, during the oxidation process, the Co2+ cations in the tetrahedral sites (CoTd2+) turned into CoTd3+ and even the highly unstable CoTd4+, assisted by the interlayer water in a metastable CoOOH·xH2O phase. Crucially, the CoTd4+ sites are mainly distributed in the inner part of the nanoplates and show superior electrocatalytic properties. The correlative single-particle imaging approach for electrocatalytic process analysis with high spatiotemporal and chemical resolution enables in-depth mechanistic insights to be generated and, in turn, will benefit the rational design of electrocatalysts with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Ministry of Education), Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Ministry of Education), Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Ministry of Education), Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
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5
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Xue JW, Xu CH, Zhao W, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Photoinduced Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Imaging of Plasmonic Photoelectrochemistry at Single Nanocatalysts. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4572-4578. [PMID: 37171253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a novel imaging technique, photoinduced electrogenerated chemiluminescence microscopy (PECLM), to monitor redox reactions driven by hot carriers on single gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on TiO2. Under laser irradiation, plasmon-generated hot carriers were separated by an electric field, leaving hot holes on the surface of AuNPs to drive ECL reactions. PECL intensity was highly sensitive to the number of hot carriers. Through quantitative image analysis, we found that PECL density on individual AuNPs decreased significantly with an increase in particle diameter, indicating that particle size has a significant impact on photoelectrochemical conversion efficiency. For the first time, we verified the feasibility of PECLM in mapping the catalytic activity of single photocatalysts. PECLM opens a new prospect for the in situ imaging of photocatalysis in a high-throughput way, which not only facilitates the optimization of plasmonic photocatalysts but also contributes to the dynamic study of photocatalytic processes on micro/nanointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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6
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Chen X, Liu Y, Wang B, Liu X, Lu C. Understanding role of microstructures of nanomaterials in electrochemiluminescence properties and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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Knežević S, Kerr E, Goudeau B, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Francis PS, Kanoufi F, Sojic N. Bimodal Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7372-7378. [PMID: 37098243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy is an emerging technique with new applications such as imaging of single entities and cells. Herein, we have developed a bimodal and bicolor approach to record both positive ECL (PECL: light-emitting object on dark background) and shadow label-free ECL (SECL: nonemissive object shadowing the background luminescence) images of single cells. This bimodal approach is the result of the simultaneous emissions of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ used to label the cellular membrane (PECL) and [Ir(sppy)3]3- dissolved in solution (SECL). By spectrally resolving the ECL emission wavelengths, we recorded the images of the same cells in both PECL and SECL modes using the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (λmax = 620 nm) and [Ir(sppy)3]3- (λmax = 515 nm) luminescence, respectively. PECL shows the distribution of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ labels attached to the cellular membrane, whereas SECL reflects the local diffusional hindrance of the ECL reagents by each cell. The high sensitivity and surface-confined features of the reported approach are demonstrated by imaging cell-cell contacts during the mitosis process. Furthermore, the comparison of PECL and SECL images demonstrates the differential diffusion of tri-n-propylamine and [Ir(sppy)3]3- through the permeabilized cell membranes. Consequently, this dual approach enables the imaging of the morphology of the cell adhering on the surface and can significantly contribute to multimodal ECL imaging and bioassays with different luminescent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Knežević
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, Univ. Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Emily Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, Univ. Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | | | - Neso Sojic
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, Univ. Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
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8
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Wu K, Zheng Y, Chen R, Zhou Z, Liu S, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Advances in electrochemiluminescence luminophores based on small organic molecules for biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115031. [PMID: 36571992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has several advantages, such as a near-zero background signal, high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, simplicity, and is widely used for sensing, imaging, and single cell analysis. ECL luminophores are the key factors in the performance of various applications. Among various luminophores, small organic luminophores exhibit many intriguing features including good biocompatibility, facile modification, well-defined molecular structure, and sustainable raw materials, making small organic luminophores attractive for the use in the ECL field. Although many great achievements have been made in the synthesis of new small organic luminophores, solving various challenges, and expanding new applications, there are almost no comprehensive reviews on small organic ECL luminophores. In this review, we briefly introduce the advantages and emission mechanisms of small organic ECL luminophores, summarize the main types, molecular characteristics, and ECL properties of most existing small organic ECL luminophores, and present the important applications and design principles in sensors, imaging, single cell analysis, sterilization, and other fields. Finally, the challenges and outlook of organic ECL luminophores to be popularized in biosensing applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Songqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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9
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Peng L, Li P, Chen J, Deng A, Li J. Recent progress in assembly strategies of nanomaterials-based ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensors for food safety and disease diagnosis. Talanta 2023; 253:123906. [PMID: 36122432 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based biosensors have received considerable attention in food contaminants and disease diagnosis, due to their fascinating advantages such as low cost, fast analysis speed, wide linear range, high sensitivity, and excellent anti-interference ability. Meanwhile, with the vigorous development and improvement of nanotechnology, biosensor assembly strategies tend to diversify and be multifunctional. This review focuses on the representative ECL biosensors in food safety and disease diagnosis reported by our research group and other research groups based on nanomaterials assembly strategies in recent years. According to the different roles of nanomaterials played in the constitution of ECL biosensors, nanomaterials would be divided into the following two categories to be summarized: (1) Nanomaterials for signal amplification. (2) Nanomaterials as ECL emitters. Finally, this review prospects the perspectives on the future development direction of ECL biosensor in food safety and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrun Dong
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiandong Feng
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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11
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Wei Y, Zhang Y, Pan J, Chen T, Xing X, Zhang W, Lu Z. Plasmon-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence at the Single-Nanoparticle Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214103. [PMID: 36331900 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plasmon-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) at the single-nanoparticle (NP) level was investigated by ECL microscopy. The Au NPs were assembled into an ordered array, providing a high-throughput platform that can easily locate each NP in sequential characterizations. A strong dependence of ECL intensity on Au NP configurations was observed. We demonstrate for the first time that at the single-particle level, the ECL of Ru(bpy)3 2+ -TPrA was majorly quenched by small Au NPs (<40 nm), while enhanced by large Au ones (>80 nm) due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Notably, the ECL intensity was further increased by the coupling effect of neighboring Au NPs. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations conformed well with the experimental results. This plasmon enhanced ECL microscopy for arrayed single NPs provides a reliable tool for screening electrocatalytic activity at a single particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiahao Pan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tian Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xing Xing
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenda Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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12
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Zhao W, Xu J. Chemical Measurement and Analysis: from Phenomenon to Essence. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Jing‐Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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13
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Dong J, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Feng J. Operando Imaging of Chemical Activity on Gold Plates with Single-Molecule Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200187. [PMID: 35084097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Classical electrochemical characterization tools cannot avoid averaging between the active reaction sites and their support, thus obscuring their intrinsic roles. Single-molecule electrochemical techniques are thus in high demand. Here, we demonstrate super-resolution imaging of Ru(bpy)3 2+ based reactions on Au plates using single-molecule electrochemiluminescence microscopy. By converting electrochemical signals into optical signals, we manage to achieve the ultimate sensitivity of single-entity chemistry, that is directly resolving the single photons from individual electrochemical reactions. High spatial resolution, up to 37 nm, further enables mapping Au chemical activity and the reaction kinetics. The spatiotemporally resolved dynamic structure-activity relationship on Au plates shows that the restructuring of catalysts plays an important role in determining the reactivity. Our approach may lead to gaining new insights towards evaluating and designing electrocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrun Dong
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Feng
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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14
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Dong J, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Feng J. Operando Imaging of Chemical Activity on Gold Plates with Single‐Molecule Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinrun Dong
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yang Xu
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry CHINA
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15
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Zhao W, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection of single entities. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5720-5736. [PMID: 34168801 PMCID: PMC8179668 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence, also known as electrochemiluminescence (ECL), is an electrochemically induced production of light by excited luminophores generated during redox reactions. It can be used to sense the charge transfer and related processes at electrodes via a simple visual readout; hence, ECL is an outstanding tool in analytical sensing. The traditional ECL approach measures averaged electrochemical quantities of a large ensemble of individual entities, including molecules, microstructures and ions. However, as a real system is usually heterogeneous, the study of single entities holds great potential in elucidating new truths of nature which are averaged out in ensemble assays or hidden in complex systems. We would like to review the development of ECL intensity and imaging based single entity detection and place emphasis on the assays of small entities including single molecules, micro/nanoparticles and cells. The current challenges for and perspectives on ECL detection of single entities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-89687294 +86-25-89687294
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-89687294 +86-25-89687294
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-89687294 +86-25-89687294
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16
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Heiderscheit TS, Oikawa S, Sanders S, Minamimoto H, Searles EK, Landes CF, Murakoshi K, Manjavacas A, Link S. Tuning Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Intensity Enhancement Using Hexagonal Lattice Arrays of Gold Nanodisks. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2516-2522. [PMID: 33667339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy shows promise as a technique for mapping chemical reactions on single nanoparticles. The technique's spatial resolution is limited by the quantum yield of the emission and the diffusive nature of the ECL process. To improve signal intensity, ECL dyes have been coupled with plasmonic nanoparticles, which act as nanoantennas. Here, we characterize the optical properties of hexagonal arrays of gold nanodisks and how they impact the enhancement of ECL from the coreaction of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate and tripropylamine. We find that varying the lattice spacing results in a 23-fold enhancement of ECL intensity because of increased dye-array near-field coupling as modeled using finite element method simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Heiderscheit
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shunpei Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Stephen Sanders
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Hiro Minamimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Emily K Searles
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kei Murakoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Alejandro Manjavacas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
- Instituto de Óptica (IO-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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17
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Gao PF, Lei G, Huang CZ. Dark-Field Microscopy: Recent Advances in Accurate Analysis and Emerging Applications. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4707-4726. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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18
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Zhang S, Liu Y. Recent Progress of Novel Electrochemiluminescence Nanoprobes and Their Analytical Applications. Front Chem 2021; 8:626243. [PMID: 33634074 PMCID: PMC7900533 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.626243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance nanomaterials have been seen as a new generation of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probes or emitters for their finely tunable structure and concomitant remarkable properties, guaranteeing the prospective applications in the analysis and diagnosis devices with superior performances. The structure-activity relationships of ECL nanoprobes in nanoscale are presenting milestone in understanding of the ECL microscopic behaviors and mechanisms, and guide the exploitation of novel ECL probes. In this mini-review, we summarized the recent development of novel ECL probes based on the nanomaterials. The mechanism and relationships between their structure as well as the active sites and functionality were revealed. In addition, the design and regulation of the ECL nanoprobes were emphasized for the biosensing and imaging application. Finally, the potential prospect of the ECL nanoprobes, design, and their applications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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