1
|
Engineered aldoxime dehydratase to enable the chemoenzymatic conversion of benzyl amines to aromatic nitriles. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106468. [PMID: 36933338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic strategy has been implemented to synthesize nitriles from benzyl amines under mild conditions. Aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd) plays a decisive role to convert aldoximes into corresponding nitriles. However, natural Oxds commonly exhibit extremely low catalytic capacity toward benzaldehyde oximes. Here, we engineered the OxdF1 from Pseudomonas putida F1 to enhance its catalytic efficiency toward benzaldehyde oximes by a semi-rational design strategy. The protein structure-based CAVER analysis indicates that M29, A147, F306, and L318 are located adjacent to the substrate tunnel entrance of OxdF1, which were responsible for the transportation of substrate into the active site. After two rounds of mutagenesis, the maximum activities of the mutants L318F and L318F/F306Y were 2.6 and 2.8 U/mg respectively, which were significantly higher than the wild OxdF1 of 0.7 U/mg. Meanwhile, the lipase type B from Candida antarctica was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli cells to selectively oxidize benzyl amines to aldoximes using urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP) as an oxidant in ethyl acetate. To merge the oxidation and dehydration reactions, a reductive extraction solution was added to remove the residue UHP, which is critical to eliminate its inhibition on the Oxd activity. Consequently, nine benzyl amines were efficiently converted into corresponding nitriles by the chemoenzymatic sequence.
Collapse
|
2
|
Anchi A, Sutar SM, Kalkhambkar RG, Borosky GL, Laali KK. Tropylium‐BF
4
as Organocatalyst for Efficient Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldoximes; Synthetic Scope and Mechanistic Insights. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athmanand Anchi
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Suraj M. Sutar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Rajesh G. Kalkhambkar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Gabriela L. Borosky
- INFIQC CONICET and Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Kenneth K. Laali
- Department of Chemistry University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive Jacksonville Florida 32224 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang G, Miao H, Guan C, Ding C. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Decarbonylative Cyanation of Aryl Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12791-12798. [PMID: 36094820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct transformation of aryl carboxylic acids to aryl nitrile compounds is an interesting topic because carboxylic acids are not only abundant in nature but are also inexpensive and stable. Here, the synthesis of a series of aryl nitriles by palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative cyanation of carboxylic acids without base has been achieved. The successful decarbonylative cyanation of drug molecules and Gram-scale reaction to verify the practicality and operability of this method are analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Miao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfei Guan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao H, Chen JY, Peng Z, Feng L, Tung CH, Wang W. Bioinspired Iron-Catalyzed Dehydration of Aldoximes to Nitriles: A General N-O Redox-Cleavage Method. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10848-10857. [PMID: 35914249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by OxdA that operates biocatalytic aldoxime dehydration, we have developed an efficient iron catalyst, Cp*Fe(1,2-Cy2PC6H4O) (1), which rapidly converts various aliphatic and aromatic aldoximes to nitriles with release of H2O at room temperature. The catalysis involves redox activation of the N-O bond by a 1e- transfer from the iron catalyst to the oxime. Such redox-mediated N-O cleavage was demonstrated by the isolation of a ferrous iminato intermediate from the reaction of the ketoxime substrate. This iron-catalyzed acceptorless dehydration approach represents a general method for the preparation of nitriles, and it also delivers salicylonitriles by catalyzing the Kemp elimination reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng H, Xiao Q, Mao F, Wang A, Li M, Wang Q, Zhang P, Pei X. Programing a cyanide-free transformation of aldehydes to nitriles and one-pot synthesis of amides through tandem chemo-enzymatic cascades. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17873-17881. [PMID: 35765330 PMCID: PMC9201870 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitriles are broadly applied to synthesize pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials because of their versatile transformation. Although various methods have been developed for introducing a nitrile group into organic molecules, most of them entail the use of highly toxic chemicals, transition metals, or harsh conditions. In this work, we reported a greener chemo-enzymatic cascade to synthesize alky and aryl nitriles from readily accessible aldehydes, that were further transformed into corresponding amides via an artificial enzyme cascade. A biphasic reaction system was designed to bridge chemical synthesis and enzymatic catalysis through simple phase separation. The biphasic system mainly perfectly avoided the inactivation of hydroxylamine on aldoxime dehydratase from Pseudomonas putida (OxdF1) and nitrile hydratase from Aurantimonas manganoxydans ATCC BAA-1229 (NHase1229). For the synthesis of various nitriles, moderate isolation yields of approximately 60% were obtained by the chemo-enzymatic cascade. Interestingly, two seemingly conflicting reactions of dehydration and hydration were sequentially proceeded to synthesize amides by the synergistic catalysis of OxdF1 and NHase1229 in E. coli cells. An isolation yield of approximately 62% was achieved for benzamide at the one-liter scale. In addition, the shuttle transport of substrates and products between two phases is convenient for the product separation and n-hexane recycling. Thus, the chemo-enzymatic cascade shows a potential application in the cyanide-free and large-scale synthesis of nitriles and amides. A chemo-enzymatic cascade was developed for the cyanide-free synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes and further one-pot transformation into amides.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoteng Zheng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Feiying Mao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Mu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu W, Tang P, Zheng Y, Ren YL, Tian X, An W, Zheng X, Guo Y, Shen Z. Cu 2 O-Catalyzed Conversion of Benzyl Alcohols Into Aromatic Nitriles via the Complete Cleavage of the C≡N Triple Bond in the Cyanide Anion. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3509-3513. [PMID: 34523819 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen transfer from cyanide anion to an aldehyde is emerging as a promising method for the synthesis of aromatic nitriles. However, this method still suffers from a disadvantage that a use of stoichiometric Cu(II) or Cu(I) salts is required to enable the reaction. As we report herein, we overcame this drawback and developed a catalytic method for nitrogen transfer from cyanide anion to an alcohol via the complete cleavage of the C≡N triple bond using phen/Cu2 O as the catalyst. The present condition allowed a series of benzyl alcohols to be smoothly converted into aromatic nitriles in moderate to high yields. In addition, the present method could be extended to the conversion of cinnamic alcohol to 3-phenylacrylonitrile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Peichen Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Yun-Lai Ren
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Xinzhe Tian
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Wankai An
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Xianfu Zheng
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Yinggang Guo
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Zhenpeng Shen
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Popescu V, Buciscanu II, Pruneanu M, Maier SS, Danila A, Maier V, Pîslaru M, Rotaru V, Cristian IN, Popescu A, Istrate B, Blaga AC, Ciolacu F, Cretescu I, Chelariu P, Marin M. Sustainable Functionalization of PAN to Improve Tinctorial Capacity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3665. [PMID: 34771222 PMCID: PMC8588328 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study may open a new way to obtain the coloration of a polymer during functionalization. Two polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymers in the form of textile fibers (Melana and Dralon L) were subjected to functionalization treatments in order to improve the dyeing capacity. The functionalizations determined by an organo-hypervalent iodine reagent developed in situ led to fiber coloration without using dyes. KIO3 was formed in situ from the interaction of aqueous solutions of 3-9% KOH with 3-9% I2, at 120 °C. The yellow-orange coloration appeared as a result of the transformations in the chemical structure of each functionalized polymer, with the formation of iodinehydrin groups. The degree of functionalization directly influenced the obtained color. The results of the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Map and Temogravimetric Analysis (TG) plus Differential Thermal (DTA) analyses indicated the presence of new functional groups, such as iodine-oxime. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the change of the crystalline/amorphous ratio in favor of the former. The new groups introduced by functionalization make it possible to dye with classes of dyes specific to these groups, but not specific to PAN fibers, thus improving their dyeing capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilica Popescu
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Ingrid Ioana Buciscanu
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Melinda Pruneanu
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Stelian Sergiu Maier
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Angela Danila
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Vasilica Maier
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marius Pîslaru
- Department of Engineering and Management, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Vlad Rotaru
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Irina Niculina Cristian
- Design and Engineering of Textile Products, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Andrei Popescu
- Department of Machine Design, Mechatronics and Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (A.P.); (B.I.)
| | - Bogdan Istrate
- Department of Machine Design, Mechatronics and Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (A.P.); (B.I.)
| | - Alexandra Cristina Blaga
- Department of Organic, Biochemical and Food Engineering, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Ciolacu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Igor Cretescu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Petronela Chelariu
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Marin
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (V.R.); (P.C.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Z, Mao F, Zheng H, Xiao Q, Ding Z, Wang A, Pei X. Cyanide-free synthesis of aromatic nitriles from aldoximes: Discovery and application of a novel heme-containing aldoxime dehydratase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109883. [PMID: 34489036 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic nitriles are important structural motifs that frequently existed in pharmaceutical drugs. Due to the convenient synthesis of aldoximes from aldehydes, the dehydration of aldoximes to corresponding nitriles by aldoxime dehydratases (Oxds) is considered as a safe and robust enzymatic production route. Although the Oxd genes are widely distributed in microbial kingdom, so far less than ten Oxds were expressed and further characterized. In this study, we found 26 predicted putative Oxd genes from the GenBank database using a genome mining strategy. The Oxd gene from Pseudomonas putida F1 was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The amino acid sequence of OxdF1 shows high identities of 33∼85 % to other characterized Oxds, and contained a ferrous heme as the catalytic site. The optimum reaction pH and temperature of recombinant OxdF1 were 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively. OxdF1 was stable in pH 7.0 potassium phosphate buffer at 30 °C, and its half-life was approximately 3.8 h. OxdF1 can efficiently dehydrate aromatic and heterocyclic aldoximes to nitriles, such as 2-bromobenzaldoxime, 2-chloro-6-fluorobenzaldoxime, thiophene-2-carboxaldoxime, and pyridine-3-aldoxime. Therefore, the recombinant OxdF1 shows a potential application in the cyanide-free synthesis of aromatic nitriles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiji Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Feiying Mao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Haoteng Zheng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhihao Ding
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xing AP, Shen Z, Zhao Z, Tian X, Ren YL. CuO-catalyzed conversion of arylacetic acids into aromatic nitriles with K4Fe(CN)6 as the nitrogen source. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
10
|
Si YX, Zhu PF, Zhang SL. Synthesis of Isocyanides by Reacting Primary Amines with Difluorocarbene. Org Lett 2020; 22:9086-9090. [PMID: 33164524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A general, convenient, and friendly route for preparing a versatile building block of isocyanides from primary amines is developed. Difluorocarbene, generated in situ from decarboxylation of chlorodifluoroacetate, reacts efficiently with primary amines to produce isocyanides. Various primary amines are well tolerated, including aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, and alkyl amines, as well as amine residues in amino acids and peptides. Late-stage functionalization of biologically active amines is demonstrated, showing its practical capacity in drug design and peptide modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Si
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|