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Liver Protective Effect of Fenofibrate in NASH/NAFLD Animal Models. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:5805398. [PMID: 35754743 PMCID: PMC9232374 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5805398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is initiated by excessive fat buildup in the liver, affecting around 35% of the world population. Various circumstances contribute to the initiation and progression of NAFLD, and it encompasses a wide range of disorders, from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Although several treatments have been proposed, there is no definitive cure for NAFLD. In recent decades, several medications related to other metabolic disorders have been evaluated in preclinical studies and in clinical trials due to the correlation of NAFLD with other metabolic diseases. Fenofibrate is a fibrate drug approved for dyslipidemia that could be used for modulation of hepatic fat accumulation, targeting peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors, and de novo lipogenesis. This drug offers potential therapeutic efficacy for NAFLD due to its capacity to decrease the accumulation of hepatic lipids, as well as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. To better elucidate the pathophysiological processes underlying NAFLD, as well as to test therapeutic agents/interventions, experimental animal models have been extensively used. In this article, we first reviewed experimental animal models that have been used to evaluate the protective effects of fenofibrate on NAFLD/NASH. Next, we investigated the impact of fenofibrate on the hepatic microcirculation in NAFLD and then summarized the beneficial effects of fenofibrate, as compared to other drugs, for the treatment of NAFLD. Lastly, we discuss possible adverse side effects of fenofibrate on the liver.
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Mahmoudi A, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Impact of fenofibrate on NAFLD/NASH: A genetic perspective. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2363-2372. [PMID: 35569762 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), caused by an accumulation of fat deposits in hepatocytes, prevalently affects at least one-third of the world's population. The progression of this disorder can potentially include a spectrum of consecutive stages, specifically: steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Fenofibrate exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy for NAFLD owing to several properties, which include antioxidant, apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity. In the present review, we discuss the direct or indirect impact of fenofibrate on genes involved at various stages in the progression of NAFLD. Moreover, we have reviewed studies that compare fenofibrate with other drugs in treating NAFLD, as well as recent clinical trials, in an attempt to identify reliable scientific and clinical evidence concerning the therapeutic effects and benefits of fenofibrate on NAFLD. Teaser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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New uses of ketoprofen – a review of studies from 2015 to 2021. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ketoprofen (K) belongs to the family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and demonstrates analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. K is one of the most commonly used NSAIDs because of the speed and effectiveness of its activity. K is currently used for the treatment of pain and treatment of symptoms in rheumatic diseases, however, many researchers are looking for new uses of K. The aim of the review was to present the possible applications of K as indicated in current literature. We searched research literature and compiled all the reports (2015 onwards) we could find about new possible employments of K in health practices. Many studies have been aimed at obtaining new uses of K. This article describes the use of ketoprofen lysine salt for treating injured gastric mucosa, the anti-allergic potential of K, the employment of K in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, human lymphedema and seizures, as well as the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of K, prospects for the use of K in oncology and transplantology. The findings of the review confirm that K, its derivatives and complexes have many newly discovered effects. It is likely that in the future, K will have more indications than it has today.
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Zuo Y, Xiong Q, Li Q, Zhao B, Xue F, Shen L, Li H, Yuan Q, Cao S. Osteogenic growth peptide (OGP)-loaded amphiphilic peptide (NapFFY) supramolecular hydrogel promotes osteogenesis and bone tissue reconstruction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:558-564. [PMID: 34920074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient bone reconstruction after bone injury remains a great challenge. Injectable supramolecular hydrogels based on amphiphilic peptide have been widely used due to their good biocompatability, non-immunogenicity, and manipulable physicochemical properties by sequence design. Herein, we used a well-studied hydrogelator, NapFFY, to coassemble with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) to prepare a supramolecular hydrogel, NapFFY-OGP. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that OGP was ideally synchronously, and continuously released from the hydrogel to effectively promote the regeneration and reconstruction of skull bone defects. More specifically, after the embedding the rat skull defect area with NapFFY-OGP hydrogels, a bone regeneration rate of 37.54% bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was achieved compared to that of NapFFY hydrogel group (25.09%). NapFFY-OGP hydrogel shows great promise in the clinic repair of bone defects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zuo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuchan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luxuan Shen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhao CC, Zhang CG, Sun X, Guo Q, Liu J, Liu Y, Hao YN, Feng G, Yang L, Liu H, Liu J. Paclitaxel-based supramolecular hydrogel loaded with mifepristone for the inhibition of breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:733-743. [PMID: 34859546 PMCID: PMC8819302 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women and almost all of the breast cancer-caused mortality is related to metastasis. It has been reported that glucocorticoid facilitates the metastasis of breast cancer in mice, and mifepristone can antagonize the effect of glucocorticoid. Paclitaxel is one of the important drugs in the treatment of breast cancer. Mifepristone combined with paclitaxel could be an effective strategy for inhibiting breast cancer metastasis. However, their inherent defects, in terms of short blood circulation half-life and lack of tumor targeting, not only limit their effectiveness but also cause adverse reactions. Therefore, our aim is to explore a novel protocol against breast cancer metastasis, further optimize its therapeutic efficacy by a nanodelivery system, and explore its mechanism. Herein, a paclitaxel-conjugated and mifepristone-loaded hydrogel (PM-nano) was prepared by self-assembly. Its characterizations were studied. The antimetastatic effect was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism was also explored by western blot assay. The resultant PM-nano was developed with favorable water solubility and good biocompatibility. Moreover, PM-nano displayed increased cell uptake properties and stimulated drug release in the tumor micro-acidic environment. The PM-nano was more effective in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer than other groups in vitro and in vivo. The PM-nano might inhibit metastasis through glucocorticoid receptor/receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 and MMPs. Taken together, PM-nano showed superior antimetastatic effects against breast cancer and excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, providing a new option for limiting metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Zhao
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan-Gui Zhang
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingxiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Hao
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Feng
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Kuczyńska J, Nieradko-Iwanicka B. Future prospects of ketoprofen in improving the safety of the gastric mucosa. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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7
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Ma C, Wang Z, Xia R, Wei L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhao L, Wu H, Kang L, Yang S. Danthron ameliorates obesity and MAFLD through activating the interplay between PPARα/RXRα heterodimer and adiponectin receptor 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111344. [PMID: 33581653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic associated fatty liver diseases (MAFLD) are strongly associated with dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism. AMPKα and PPARα are key regulators in the lipid and glucose homeostasis, indicating that novel agents to activate them are promising therapeutic approaches for metabolic syndrome. Noticeably, as a natural anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, danthron can activate AMPKα in vitro. However, the protective effect of danthron on obesity and associated MAFLD in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, obesity and associated MAFLD was induced in C57BL/6J mice by high fat diet (HFD), which were subjected to evaluations on the parameters of systematic metabolism. Simultaneously, the molecular mechanism of danthron on lipid metabolism was investigated in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes and HepG2 cells in vitro. In vivo, danthron significantly attenuated the obesity and MAFLD by enhancing hepatic fatty acid oxidation, decreasing lipid synthesis, and promoting mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, danthron significantly promoted combination of RXRα and PPARα, enhanced the binding of RXRα/PPARα heterodimer to the promoter of adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), by which activating the AMPKα and PPARα pathway. Moreover, PPARα and AdipoR2 can interplay in a loop style. Collectively, this study demonstrates that danthron can substantially ameliorate obesity and associated hepatic steatosis via AdipoR2-mediated dual PPARα/AMPKα activation, which suggests that danthron might be a novel therapeutic approach for inhibition of obesity and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronglin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Linna Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China; Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Ma C, Zhang J, Yang S, Hua Y, Su J, Shang Y, Wang Z, Feng K, Zhang J, Yang X, Zhang H, Mao J, Fan G. Astragalus Flavone Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Steatosis Via Inhibiting Lipid-Disorder and Inflammation in apoE -/- Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:610550. [PMID: 33381046 PMCID: PMC7768082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.610550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major pathogenic driver of cardiovascular diseases. Foam cell formation plays a key role in atherogenesis, which is affected by lipid disorder and inflammation. Therefore, inhibition of foam cell formation is a therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis treatment. Total flavone of Astragalus membranaceus (TFA) is extracted from A. membranaceus that has protective effect on cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of TFA on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we determined whether TFA could inhibit atherosclerosis and uncovered the underlying mechanism. In vivo, ApoE deficient mice were treated with TFA and high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Subsequently, atherosclerotic lesions, hepatic steatosis and associated genes expression in vitro and in vivo were determined. We found that TFA reduced atherosclerotic lesion size and enhanced plaque stability, which might be attributed to improved lipid disorder, reduced inflammation and decreased monocyte adhesion. Mechanistically, TFA inhibited hepatic steatosis via regulating the genes responsible for lipid metabolism, by which ameliorating the lipid disorder. Moreover, in macrophage, TFA reduced the expression of scavenger receptors such as CD36 and SRA; and promoted the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and G1 (ABCA1/G1). More importantly, TFA reduced miR-33 expression and dampened NFκB activity, by which de-repressing ABCA1/G1 activity and inhibiting the inflammation. Collectively, TFA can attenuate atherosclerosis via dual suppression of miR-33 and NFκB pathway, and partially through inhibition of scavenger receptors in macrophage. In addition, TFA ameliorates the hepatic steatosis and lipid disorder, which in turn contributes to the amelioration of atherosclerosis, suggesting that TFA might be a novel therapeutic approach for inhibition of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunqing Hua
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Su
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuna Shang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
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Guo J, He H, Kim BJ, Wang J, Yi M, Lin C, Xu B. The ratio of hydrogelator to precursor controls the enzymatic hydrogelation of a branched peptide. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10101-10105. [PMID: 32785414 PMCID: PMC7677216 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00867b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report an apparently counterintuitive observation, in which a lower volume fraction of a branched peptide forms a stronger hydrogel after an enterokinase (ENTK) cleaves off the branch from the peptide. By varying the ratios of the branched peptide and ENTK and analysing the ratio of hydrogelator to precursor (H/P) in the enzymatic proteolysis reaction, our study shows that the H/P ratio controls the critical strain of the hydrogel formed, through enzymatic cleavage of the branch from the peptide. This work demonstrates that emergent properties (e.g., hydrogelation) of peptide assemblies, resulting from enzymatic noncovalent synthesis (ENS), are context-dependent, while also providing insights for developing dynamic soft materials via ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Enzymatic reactions and noncovalent (i.e., supramolecular) interactions are two fundamental nongenetic attributes of life. Enzymatic noncovalent synthesis (ENS) refers to a process where enzymatic reactions control intermolecular noncovalent interactions for spatial organization of higher-order molecular assemblies that exhibit emergent properties and functions. Like enzymatic covalent synthesis (ECS), in which an enzyme catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds to generate individual molecules, ENS is a unifying theme for understanding the functions, morphologies, and locations of molecular ensembles in cellular environments. This review intends to provide a summary of the works of ENS within the past decade and emphasize ENS for functions. After comparing ECS and ENS, we describe a few representative examples where nature uses ENS, as a rule of life, to create the ensembles of biomacromolecules for emergent properties/functions in a myriad of cellular processes. Then, we focus on ENS of man-made (synthetic) molecules in cell-free conditions, classified by the types of enzymes. After that, we introduce the exploration of ENS of man-made molecules in the context of cells by discussing intercellular, peri/intracellular, and subcellular ENS for cell morphogenesis, molecular imaging, cancer therapy, and other applications. Finally, we provide a perspective on the promises of ENS for developing molecular assemblies/processes for functions. This review aims to be an updated introduction for researchers who are interested in exploring noncovalent synthesis for developing molecular science and technologies to address societal needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Meihui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Adrianna N Shy
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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11
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Wang Z, Ren C, Shang Y, Yang C, Guo Q, Chu L, Liu J. Co-assembled Supramolecular Nanofibers With Tunable Surface Properties for Efficient Vaccine Delivery. Front Chem 2020; 8:500. [PMID: 32850613 PMCID: PMC7396696 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of nanotechnology to deliver vaccines and modulate immunity has shown great potential in cancer therapy. Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels as novel vaccine adjuvants have been found to effectively improve the immune response and tumor curative effect. In this study, we designed a set of reduction-responsive self-assembled peptide precursors (Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S, or K)-ss-ERGD), which can be reduced by glutathione (GSH) into Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S or K)-SH for forming of hydrogel with different surface properties (E-gel, S-gel, and K-gel, respectively). Using the same method, co-assembled hydrogel vaccines (E-vac, S-vac, and K-vac, respectively) can also be prepared by mixing different precursors with antigens before GSH reduction. Through TEM observation of the nanostructure, we found that all the co-assembled hydrogels, especially K-vac, possessed much denser and more unified nanofiber networks as compared with antigen-free hydrogels, which were very suitable for antigen storage and vaccine delivery. Although the three peptides adopted similar β-sheet secondary structures, the mechanical properties of their resulted co-assembled hydrogel vaccines were obviously different. Compared to E-vac, S-vac had a much weaker mechanical property, while K-vac had a much higher. In vivo experiments, co-assembled hydrogel vaccines, especially K-vac, also promoted antibody production and anti-tumor immune responses more significantly than the other two vaccines. Our results demonstrated that co-assembled hydrogels formed by peptides and antigens co-assembly could act as effective vaccine delivery systems for boosting antibody production, and different immune effects can be acquired by tuning the surface properties of the involved self-assembling peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuna Shang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuihong Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingxiang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Chu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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