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Saura-Sanmartin A, Pastor A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Cutillas-Font G, Alajarin M, Berna J. Mechanically interlocked molecules in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4949-4976. [PMID: 35612363 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have great potential in the development of molecular machinery due to their intercomponent dynamics. The incorporation of these molecules in a condensed phase makes it possible to take advantage of the control of the motion of the components at the macroscopic level. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are postulated as ideal supports for intertwined molecules. This review covers the chemistry of the mechanical bond incorporated into metal-organic frameworks from the seminal studies to the latest published advances. We first describe some fundamental concepts of MIMs and MOFs. Next, we summarize the advances in the incorporation of rotaxanes and catenanes inside MOF matrices. Finally, we conclude by showing the study of the rotaxane dynamics in MOFs and the operation of some stimuli-responsive MIMs within MOFs. In addition to emphasising some selected examples, we offer a critical opinion on the state of the art of this research field, remarking the key points on which the future of these systems should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Cutillas-Font
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Abstract
Many of the proposed applications of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials may fail to materialize if the community does not fully address the difficult fundamental work needed to map out the 'time gap' in the literature - that is, the lack of investigation into the time-dependent behaviours of MOFs as opposed to equilibrium or steady-state properties. Although there are a range of excellent investigations into MOF dynamics and time-dependent phenomena, these works represent only a tiny fraction of the vast number of MOF studies. This Review provides an overview of current research into the temporal evolution of MOF structures and properties by analysing the time-resolved experimental techniques that can be used to monitor such behaviours. We focus on innovative techniques, while also discussing older methods often used in other chemical systems. Four areas are examined: MOF formation, guest motion, electron motion and framework motion. In each area, we highlight the disparity between the relatively small amount of (published) research on key time-dependent phenomena and the enormous scope for acquiring the wider and deeper understanding that is essential for the future of the field.
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3
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Pallach R, Keupp J, Terlinden K, Frentzel-Beyme L, Kloß M, Machalica A, Kotschy J, Vasa SK, Chater PA, Sternemann C, Wharmby MT, Linser R, Schmid R, Henke S. Frustrated flexibility in metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4097. [PMID: 34215743 PMCID: PMC8253802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) remain at the forefront of porous materials research due to their enormous potential for various technological applications. Here, we introduce the concept of frustrated flexibility in MOFs, which arises from an incompatibility of intra-framework dispersion forces with the geometrical constraints of the inorganic building units. Controlled by appropriate linker functionalization with dispersion energy donating alkoxy groups, this approach results in a series of MOFs exhibiting a new type of guest- and temperature-responsive structural flexibility characterized by reversible loss and recovery of crystalline order under full retention of framework connectivity and topology. The stimuli-dependent phase change of the frustrated MOFs involves non-correlated deformations of their inorganic building unit, as probed by a combination of global and local structure techniques together with computer simulations. Frustrated flexibility may be a common phenomenon in MOF structures, which are commonly regarded as rigid, and thus may be of crucial importance for the performance of these materials in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pallach
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julian Keupp
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XComputational Materials Chemistry Group, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai Terlinden
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Louis Frentzel-Beyme
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marvin Kloß
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Machalica
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Kotschy
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Physikalische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Suresh K. Vasa
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Physikalische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philip A. Chater
- grid.18785.330000 0004 1764 0696Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Christian Sternemann
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael T. Wharmby
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rasmus Linser
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Physikalische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rochus Schmid
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XComputational Materials Chemistry Group, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Henke
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Son Y, Rao PC, Kim J, Park G, Yoon M. Study of Stability and Proton Conductivity of Zn‐based
Metal–Organic
Framework. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Younghu Son
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Purna Chandra Rao
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
- Green‐Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungse Park
- Department of Chemistry Kunsan National University Gunsan 54150 Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
- Green‐Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
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5
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Organically templated metal phosphate-oxalates: Solvent-free synthesis, crystal structure, and proton conduction. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Solovyeva M, Shkatulov AI, Gordeeva LG, Fedorova EA, Krieger TA, Aristov YI. Water Vapor Adsorption on CAU-10- X: Effect of Functional Groups on Adsorption Equilibrium and Mechanisms. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:693-702. [PMID: 33412006 PMCID: PMC7880571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess unique flexibility of structure and properties, which drives them toward applications as water adsorbents in many emerging technologies, such as adsorptive heat transformation, water harvesting from the air, dehumidification, and desalination. A deep understanding of the surface phenomena is a prerequisite for the target-oriented design of MOFs with the required adsorption properties. In this work, we comprehensively study the effect of functional groups on water adsorption on a series CAU-10-X substituted with both hydrophilic (X = NH2) and hydrophobic (X = NO2) groups in the linker. The adsorption equilibrium is measured at P = 7.6-42 mbar and T = 5-100 °C. The study of water adsorption by a set of mutually complementary physicochemical methods (TG, XRD in situ, FTIR, and 1H NMR relaxometry) elucidates the nature of primary adsorption sites and water adsorption mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina
V. Solovyeva
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Ac. Lavrentiev av. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, Novosibirsk, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandr I. Shkatulov
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, Department of Applied
Physics, De Rondom 70, 5612 AP, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Larisa G. Gordeeva
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Ac. Lavrentiev av. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, Novosibirsk, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Fedorova
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Ac. Lavrentiev av. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tamara A. Krieger
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Ac. Lavrentiev av. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri I. Aristov
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Ac. Lavrentiev av. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, Novosibirsk, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Ryu U, Jee S, Rao PC, Shin J, Ko C, Yoon M, Park KS, Choi KM. Recent advances in process engineering and upcoming applications of metal-organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 426:213544. [PMID: 32981945 PMCID: PMC7500364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Progress in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has advanced from fundamental chemistry to engineering processes and applications, resulting in new industrial opportunities. The unique features of MOFs, such as their permanent porosity, high surface area, and structural flexibility, continue to draw industrial interest outside the traditional MOF field, both to solve existing challenges and to create new businesses. In this context, diverse research has been directed toward commercializing MOFs, but such studies have been performed according to a variety of individual goals. Therefore, there have been limited opportunities to share the challenges, goals, and findings with most of the MOF field. In this review, we examine the issues and demands for MOF commercialization and investigate recent advances in MOF process engineering and applications. Specifically, we discuss the criteria for MOF commercialization from the views of stability, producibility, regulations, and production cost. This review covers progress in the mass production and formation of MOFs along with future applications that are not currently well known but have high potential for new areas of MOF commercialization.
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Key Words
- 2,4-DNT, 2,4-dinitrotoluene
- 4-NP, 4-nitrophenol
- ABS, acrylonitril-butadiene-styrene
- BET, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
- CA, Cellulose-acetate
- CEES, 2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide
- CIE, Commission international ed’Eclairage
- CNF, Cellulose nanofiber
- CNG, compressed natural gas
- CVD, Chemical vapor deposition
- CWA, Chemical warfare agent
- CWC, Chemical weapons convention
- Commercialization
- DCP, Diethylchlorophosphonate
- DDM, n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside
- DEF, N,N-Diethyl formamide
- DFP, Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
- DFT, Density functional theory
- DIFP, Diisopropylfluorophosphate
- DLS, Dynamic light scattering
- DMA, Dimethylacetamide
- DMF, N,N-Dimethyl formamide
- DMMP, Dimethyl methylphosphonate
- DRIFTS, Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy
- Dispersion
- E. Coli, Escherichia coli
- ECS, Extrusion-crushing-sieving
- EDLCs, Electrochemical double-layer capacitors
- EPA, Environmental protection agency
- EXAFS, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
- FT-IR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- Fn, Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Future applications
- GC–MS, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- GRGDS, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser
- ILDs, Interlayer dielectrics
- ITRS, International technology roadmap for semiconductors
- LED, Light-emitting diode
- LIBs, Lithium-ion batteries
- LMOF, Luminescent metal–organic framework
- LOD, Limit of detection
- MB, methylene blue
- MBC, Minimum bactericidal concentration
- MIC, Minimum inhibitory concentration
- MIM, Metal-insulator–metal
- MMP, Methyl methylphosphonate
- MOF, metal–organic framework
- MOGs, Metal-organic gels
- MRA, mesoporous ρ-alumina
- MRSA, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
- MVTR, Moisture vapor transport rate
- Mass production
- Metal–organic framework
- NMP, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance
- PAN, Polyacrylonitrile
- PANI, Polyaniline
- PEG-CCM, polyethylene-glycol-modified mono-functional curcumin
- PEI, Polyetherimide
- PEMFCs, Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
- PM, Particulate matter
- POM, Polyoxometalate
- PPC, Polypropylene/polycarbonate
- PS, Polystyrene
- PSM, Post-synthetic modification
- PVA, Polyvinyl alcohol
- PVB, Polyvinyl Butyral
- PVC, Polyvinylchloride
- PVF, Polyvinylformal
- PXRD, Powder x-ray diffraction
- Pg, Porphyromonas gingivalis
- RDX, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SALI, Solvent assisted ligand incorporation
- SBU, Secondary building unit
- SCXRD, Single-crystal X-ray diffraction
- SEM, Scanning electron microscope
- SIBs, Sodium-ion batteries
- SSEs, Solid-state electrolytes
- STY, space–time yield, grams of MOF per cubic meter of reaction mixture per day of synthesis
- Shaping
- TEA, Triethylamine
- TIPS-HoP, Thermally induced phase separation-hot pressing
- TNP, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
- TNT, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
- UPS, Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
- VOC, Volatile organic compound
- WHO, World health organization
- WLED, White light emitting diode
- XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- ZIF, zeolitic imidazolate framework
- hXAS, Hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy
- sXAS, Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- UnJin Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyeon Jee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Purna Chandra Rao
- Department of Chemistry & Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Shin
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea,Institute of Advanced Materials & Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Ko
- Institute of Advanced Materials & Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea,Department of Applied Physics, College of Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry & Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors at: Department of Chemistry & Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (M. Yoon); Corporation R&D, Research Park, LG Chem, LG Science Park, 30, Magokjungang-10-RoGangseo-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.S. Park); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Advanced Materials & Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea (K.M. Choi)
| | - Kyo Sung Park
- Corporation R&D, Research Park, LG Chem, LG Science Park, 30, Magokjungang-10-Ro, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors at: Department of Chemistry & Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (M. Yoon); Corporation R&D, Research Park, LG Chem, LG Science Park, 30, Magokjungang-10-RoGangseo-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.S. Park); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Advanced Materials & Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea (K.M. Choi)
| | - Kyung Min Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea,Institute of Advanced Materials & Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors at: Department of Chemistry & Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (M. Yoon); Corporation R&D, Research Park, LG Chem, LG Science Park, 30, Magokjungang-10-RoGangseo-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.S. Park); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Advanced Materials & Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea (K.M. Choi)
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Kolokolov DI, Lim D, Kitagawa H. Characterization of Proton Dynamics for the Understanding of Conduction Mechanism in Proton Conductive Metal‐Organic Frameworks. CHEM REC 2020; 20:1297-1313. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil I. Kolokolov
- Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Department of Physics Novosibirsk State University Pirogova Street 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Dae‐Woon Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry Yonsei University 1 Yonseidae-gil Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493 Korea
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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