1
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Ruttenberg SM, Nowick JS. A turn for the worse: Aβ β-hairpins in Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 105:117715. [PMID: 38615460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are a cause of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). These soluble aggregates of the Aβ peptide have proven difficult to study due to their inherent metastability and heterogeneity. Strategies to isolate and stabilize homogenous Aβ oligomer populations have emerged such as mutations, covalent cross-linking, and protein fusions. These strategies along with molecular dynamics simulations have provided a variety of proposed structures of Aβ oligomers, many of which consist of molecules of Aβ in β-hairpin conformations. β-Hairpins are intramolecular antiparallel β-sheets composed of two β-strands connected by a loop or turn. Three decades of research suggests that Aβ peptides form several different β-hairpin conformations, some of which are building blocks of toxic Aβ oligomers. The insights from these studies are currently being used to design anti-Aβ antibodies and vaccines to treat AD. Research suggests that antibody therapies designed to target oligomeric Aβ may be more successful at treating AD than antibodies designed to target linear epitopes of Aβ or fibrillar Aβ. Aβ β-hairpins are good epitopes to use in antibody development to selectively target oligomeric Aβ. This review summarizes the research on β-hairpins in Aβ peptides and discusses the relevance of this conformation in AD pathogenesis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Ruttenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States.
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2
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Tooyama I, Kato T, Taguchi H, Kageyama Y, Irie K, Hirahara Y, Yanagisawa D. Visualization of Amyloid Oligomers in the Brain of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:87-94. [PMID: 38318103 PMCID: PMC10838628 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), highly neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers appear early, they are thus considered to be deeply involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. However, Aβ oligomer visualization is challenging in human tissues due to their multiple forms (e.g., low- and high-molecular-weight oligomers, including protofibrils) as well as their tendency to rapidly change forms and aggregate. In this review, we present two visualization approaches for Aβ oligomers in tissues: an immunohistochemical (using the monoclonal antibody TxCo1 against toxic Aβ oligomer conformers) and imaging mass spectrometry using the small chemical Shiga-Y51 that specifically binds Aβ oligomers. TxCo1 immunohistochemistry revealed Aβ oligomer distributions in postmortem human brains with AD. Using Shiga-Y51, imaging mass spectrometry revealed Aβ oligomer distributions in the brain of a transgenic mouse model for AD. These two methods would potentially contribute to elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Tooyama
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Taguchi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukie Hirahara
- Faculty of Nursing, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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3
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Wu X, Xu M, Geng M, Chen S, Little PJ, Xu S, Weng J. Targeting protein modifications in metabolic diseases: molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:220. [PMID: 37244925 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represents a major public health burden worldwide. The most common form of NCD is metabolic diseases, which affect people of all ages and usually manifest their pathobiology through life-threatening cardiovascular complications. A comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology of metabolic diseases will generate novel targets for improved therapies across the common metabolic spectrum. Protein posttranslational modification (PTM) is an important term that refers to biochemical modification of specific amino acid residues in target proteins, which immensely increases the functional diversity of the proteome. The range of PTMs includes phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation, myristoylation, prenylation, cholesterylation, glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, sulfhydration, citrullination, ADP ribosylation, and several novel PTMs. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of PTMs and their roles in common metabolic diseases and pathological consequences, including diabetes, obesity, fatty liver diseases, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. Building upon this framework, we afford a through description of proteins and pathways involved in metabolic diseases by focusing on PTM-based protein modifications, showcase the pharmaceutical intervention of PTMs in preclinical studies and clinical trials, and offer future perspectives. Fundamental research defining the mechanisms whereby PTMs of proteins regulate metabolic diseases will open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Mengya Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute and School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, China.
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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4
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Tomiyama R, So M, Yamaguchi K, Miyanoiri Y, Sakurai K. The residual structure of acid-denatured β 2 -microglobulin is relevant to an ordered fibril morphology. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4487. [PMID: 36321362 PMCID: PMC9793977 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
β2 -Microglobulin (β2m) forms amyloid fibrils in vitro under acidic conditions. Under these conditions, the residual structure of acid-denatured β2m is relevant to seeding and fibril extension processes. Disulfide (SS) bond-oxidized β2m has been shown to form rigid, ordered fibrils, whereas SS bond-reduced β2m forms curvy, less-ordered fibrils. These findings suggest that the presence of an SS bond affects the residual structure of the monomer, which subsequently influences the fibril morphology. To clarify this process, we herein performed NMR experiments. The results obtained revealed that oxidized β2m contained a residual structure throughout the molecule, including the N- and C-termini, whereas the residual structure of the reduced form was localized and other regions had a random coil structure. The range of the residual structure in the oxidized form was wider than that of the fibril core. These results indicate that acid-denatured β2m has variable conformations. Most conformations in the ensemble cannot participate in fibril formation because their core residues are hidden by residual structures. However, when hydrophobic residues are exposed, polypeptides competently form an ordered fibril. This conformational selection phase may be needed for the ordered assembly of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tomiyama
- Graduate School of Biology‐oriented Science and TechnologyKindai UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Masatomo So
- Institute for Protein ResearchOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and InformaticsOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | | | - Kazumasa Sakurai
- Graduate School of Biology‐oriented Science and TechnologyKindai UniversityWakayamaJapan,High Pressure Protein Research Center, Institute of Advanced TechnologyKindai UniversityWakayamaJapan
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5
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Chikugo A, Irie Y, Tsukano C, Uchino A, Maki T, Kume T, Kawase T, Hirose K, Kageyama Y, Tooyama I, Irie K. Optimization of the Linker Length in the Dimer Model of E22P-Aβ40 Tethered at Position 38. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2913-2923. [PMID: 36095282 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers are more cytotoxic than fibrils, various dimer models have been synthesized. We focused on the C-terminal region that could form a hydrophobic core in the aggregation process and identified a toxic conformer-restricted dimer model (E22P,G38DAP-Aβ40 dimer) with an l,l-2,6-diaminopimelic acid linker (n = 3) at position 38, which exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. We synthesized four additional linkers (n = 2, 4, 5, 7) to determine the most appropriate distance between the two Aβ40 monomers for a toxic dimer model. Each di-Fmoc-protected two-valent amino acid was synthesized from a corresponding dialdehyde or cycloalkene followed by ozonolysis, using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction and asymmetric hydrogenation. Then, the corresponding Aβ40 dimer models with these linkers at position 38 were synthesized using the solid-phase Fmoc strategy. Their cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells suggested that the shorter the linker length, the stronger the cytotoxicity. Particularly, the E22P,G38DAA-Aβ40 dimer (n = 2) formed protofibrillar aggregates and exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, equivalent to E22P-Aβ42, the most cytotoxic analogue of Aβ42. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) measurement indicated that all dimer models except the E22P,G38DAA-Aβ40 dimer existed as stable oligomers (12-24-mer). NativePAGE analysis supported the IM-MS data, but larger oligomers (30-150-mer) were also detected after a 24 h incubation. Moreover, E22P,G38DAA-Aβ40, E22P,G38DAP-Aβ40, and E22P,G38DAZ-Aβ40 (n = 5) dimers suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP). Overall, the ability to form fibrils with cross β-sheet structures was key to achieving cytotoxicity, and forming stable oligomers less than 150-mer did not correlate with cytotoxicity and LTP suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Chikugo
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahito Maki
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama930-0194, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
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6
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Uchino A, Irie Y, Tsukano C, Kawase T, Hirose K, Kageyama Y, Tooyama I, Yanagita RC, Irie K. Synthesis and Characterization of Propeller- and Parallel-Type Full-Length Amyloid β40 Trimer Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2517-2528. [PMID: 35930616 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomers of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, their heterogeneity and lability deter the identification of their tertiary structures and mechanisms of action. Aβ trimers and Aβ dimers may represent the smallest aggregation unit with cytotoxicity. Although propeller-type trimer models of E22P-Aβ40 tethered by an aromatic linker have recently been synthesized, they unexpectedly exhibited little cytotoxicity. To increase the flexibility of trimeric propeller-type models, we designed and synthesized trimer models with an alkyl linker, tert-butyltris-l-alanine (tButA), at position 36 or 38. In addition, we synthesized two parallel-type trimer models tethered at position 38 using alkyl linkers of different lengths, α,α-di-l-norvalyl-l-glycine (di-nV-Gly) and α,α-di-l-homonorleucyl-l-glycine (di-hnL-Gly), based on the previously reported toxic dimer model. The propeller-type E22P,V36tButA-Aβ40 trimer (4), which was designed to mimic the C-terminal anti-parallel β-sheet structures proposed by the structural analysis of 150 kDa oligomers of Aβ42, and the parallel-type E22P,G38di-nV-Gly-Aβ40 trimer (6) showed significant cytotoxicity against SH-SY5Y cells and aggregative ability to form protofibrillar species. In contrast, the E22P,G38tButA-Aβ40 trimer (5) and E22P,G38di-hnL-Gly-Aβ40 trimer (7) exhibited weak cytotoxicity, though they formed quasi-stable oligomers observed by ion mobility-mass spectrometry and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that 4 and 6 could have some phase of the structure of toxic Aβ oligomers with a C-terminal hydrophobic core and that the conformation and/or aggregation process rather than the formation of stable oligomers contribute to the induction of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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7
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Irie Y, Matsushima Y, Kita A, Miki K, Segawa T, Maeda M, Yanagita RC, Irie K. Structural basis of the 24B3 antibody against the toxic conformer of amyloid β with a turn at positions 22 and 23. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:162-167. [PMID: 35839743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) oligomers are involved in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and antibodies against these toxic oligomers could be useful for accurate diagnosis of AD. We identified the toxic conformer of Aβ42 with a turn at positions 22/23, which has a propensity to form toxic oligomers. The antibody 24B3, developed by immunization of a toxic conformer surrogate E22P-Aβ9-35 in mice, was found to be useful for AD diagnosis using human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, it is not known how 24B3 recognizes the toxic conformation of wild-type Aβ in CSF. Here, we report the crystal structure of 24B3 Fab complexed with E22P-Aβ11-34, whose residues 16-26 were observed in electron densities, suggesting that the residues comprising the toxic turn at positions 22/23 were recognized by 24B3. Since 24B3 bound only to Aβ42 aggregates, several conformationally restricted analogs of Aβ42 with an intramolecular disulfide bond to mimic the conformation of toxic Aβ42 aggregates were screened by enzyme immunoassay. As a result, only F19C,A30homoC-SS-Aβ42 (1) bound significantly to 24B3. These data provide a structural basis for its low affinity to the Aβ42 monomer and selectivity for its aggregate form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsushima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Kita
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Sennan, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Kunio Miki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Segawa
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co, Ltd, Gunma, 375-0005, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co, Ltd, Gunma, 375-0005, Japan
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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8
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Matsushima Y, Irie Y, Kageyama Y, Bellier JP, Tooyama I, Maki T, Kume T, Yanagita RC, Irie K. Structure optimization of the toxic conformation model of amyloid β42 by intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200029. [PMID: 35165998 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers play a critical role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Recently, we reported that a conformation-restricted Aβ42 with an intramolecular disulfide bond through cysteine residues at positions 17/28 formed stable oligomers with potent cytotoxicity. To further optimize this compound as a toxic conformer model, we synthesized three analogs with a combination of cysteine and homocysteine at positions 17/28. The analogs with Cys-Cys, Cys-homoCys, or homoCys-Cys, but not the homoCys-homoCys analog, exhibited potent cytotoxicity against SH-SY5Y and THP-1 cells even at 10 nM. In contrast, the cytotoxicity of conformation-restricted analogs at positions 16/29 or 18/27 was significantly weaker than that of wild-type Aβ42. Furthermore, a thioflavin-T assay, non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, and morphological study suggested that the majority of these conformation-restricted analogs existed in an oligomeric state in cell culture medium, indicating that the toxic conformation of Aβ42, rather than the oligomeric state, is essential to induce cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Matsushima
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture: Kyoto Daigaku Nogaku Kenkyuka Nogakubu, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, JAPAN
| | - Yumi Irie
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture: Kyoto Daigaku Nogaku Kenkyuka Nogakubu, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, JAPAN
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Shiga University of Medical Science: Shiga Ika Daigaku, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, JAPAN
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellier
- Shiga University of Medical Science: Shiga Ika Daigaku, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, JAPAN
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Shiga University of Medical Science: Shiga Ika Daigaku, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, JAPAN
| | - Takahito Maki
- University of Toyama: Toyama Daigaku, Department of Applied Pharmacology, JAPAN
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- University of Toyama: Toyama Daigaku, Department of Applied Pharmacology, JAPAN
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Kagawa University Faculty of Agriculture Graduate School of Agriculture: Kagawa Daigaku Nogakubu Daigakuin Nogaku Kenkyuka, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture: Kyoto Daigaku Nogaku Kenkyuka Nogakubu, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502, Kyoto, JAPAN
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9
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Zhang S, Yoo S, Snyder DT, Katz BB, Henrickson A, Demeler B, Wysocki VH, Kreutzer AG, Nowick JS. A Disulfide-Stabilized Aβ that Forms Dimers but Does Not Form Fibrils. Biochemistry 2022; 61:252-264. [PMID: 35080857 PMCID: PMC9083094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aβ dimers are a basic building block of many larger Aβ oligomers and are among the most neurotoxic and pathologically relevant species in Alzheimer's disease. Homogeneous Aβ dimers are difficult to prepare, characterize, and study because Aβ forms heterogeneous mixtures of oligomers that vary in size and can rapidly aggregate into more stable fibrils. This paper introduces AβC18C33 as a disulfide-stabilized analogue of Aβ42 that forms stable homogeneous dimers in lipid environments but does not aggregate to form insoluble fibrils. The AβC18C33 peptide is readily expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by reverse-phase HPLC to give ca. 8 mg of pure peptide per liter of bacterial culture. SDS-PAGE establishes that AβC18C33 forms homogeneous dimers in the membrane-like environment of SDS and that conformational stabilization of the peptide with a disulfide bond prevents the formation of heterogeneous mixtures of oligomers. Mass spectrometric (MS) studies in the presence of dodecyl maltoside (DDM) further confirm the formation of stable noncovalent dimers. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy establishes that AβC18C33 adopts a β-sheet conformation in detergent solutions and supports a model in which the intramolecular disulfide bond induces β-hairpin folding and dimer formation in lipid environments. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies indicate that AβC18C33 does not undergo fibril formation in aqueous buffer solutions and demonstrate that the intramolecular disulfide bond prevents fibril formation. The recently published NMR structure of an Aβ42 tetramer (PDB: 6RHY) provides a working model for the AβC18C33 dimer, in which two β-hairpins assemble through hydrogen bonding to form a four-stranded antiparallel β-sheet. It is anticipated that AβC18C33 will serve as a stable, nonfibrilizing, and noncovalent Aβ dimer model for amyloid and Alzheimer's disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Stan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Dalton T. Snyder
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Katz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States,Corresponding Authors: James S. Nowick – Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States. , Adam G. Kreutzer – Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States.
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States,Corresponding Authors: James S. Nowick – Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States. , Adam G. Kreutzer – Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States.
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10
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Foley AR, Raskatov JA. Understanding and controlling amyloid aggregation with chirality. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 64:1-9. [PMID: 33610939 PMCID: PMC8368077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation and human disease are inextricably linked. Examples include Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and type II diabetes. While seminal advances on the mechanistic understanding of these diseases have been made over the last decades, controlling amyloid fibril formation still represents a challenge, and it is a subject of active research. In this regard, chiral modifications have increasingly been proved to offer a particularly well-suited approach toward accessing to previously unknown aggregation pathways and to provide with novel insights on the biological mechanisms of action of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins. Here, we summarize recent advances on how the use of mirror-image peptides/proteins and d-amino acid incorporations have helped modulate amyloid aggregation, offered new mechanistic tools to study cellular interactions, and allowed us to identify key positions within the peptide/protein sequence that influence amyloid fibril growth and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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11
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Kageyama Y, Irie Y, Matsushima Y, Segawa T, Bellier JP, Hidaka K, Sugiyama H, Kaneda D, Hashizume Y, Akatsu H, Miki K, Kita A, Walker DG, Irie K, Tooyama I. Characterization of a Conformation-Restricted Amyloid β Peptide and Immunoreactivity of Its Antibody in Human AD brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3418-3432. [PMID: 34464082 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers, the transition species present prior to the formation of Aβ fibrils and that have cytotoxicity, has become one of the major topics in the investigations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, studying pathophysiological properties of Aβ oligomers is challenging due to the instability of these protein complexes in vitro. Here, we report that conformation-restricted Aβ42 with an intramolecular disulfide bond at positions 17 and 28 (SS-Aβ42) formed stable Aβ oligomers in vitro. Thioflavin T binding assays, nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, and morphological analyses revealed that SS-Aβ42 maintained oligomeric structure, whereas wild-type Aβ42 and the highly aggregative Aβ42 mutant with E22P substitution (E22P-Aβ42) formed Aβ fibrils. In agreement with these observations, SS-Aβ42 was more cytotoxic compared to the wild-type and E22P-Aβ42 in cell cultures. Furthermore, we developed a monoclonal antibody, designated TxCo-1, using the toxic conformation of SS-Aβ42 as immunogen. X-ray crystallography of the TxCo-1/SS-Aβ42 complex, enzyme immunoassay, and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the recognition site and specificity of TxCo-1 to SS-Aβ42. Immunohistochemistry with TxCo-1 antibody identified structures resembling senile plaques and vascular Aβ in brain samples of AD subjects. However, TxCo-1 immunoreactivity did not colocalize extensively with Aβ plaques identified with conventional Aβ antibodies. Together, these findings indicate that Aβ with a turn at positions 22 and 23, which is prone to form Aβ oligomers, could show strong cytotoxicity and accumulated in brains of AD subjects. The SS-Aβ42 and TxCo-1 antibody should facilitate understanding of the pathological role of Aβ with toxic conformation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kageyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsushima
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Segawa
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Fujioka-Shi, Gunma 375-0005, Japan
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellier
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Daita Kaneda
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Noyoricho, Yamanaka, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Noyoricho, Yamanaka, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Noyoricho, Yamanaka, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kunio Miki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Kita
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Douglas G. Walker
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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12
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Nguyen PH, Ramamoorthy A, Sahoo BR, Zheng J, Faller P, Straub JE, Dominguez L, Shea JE, Dokholyan NV, De Simone A, Ma B, Nussinov R, Najafi S, Ngo ST, Loquet A, Chiricotto M, Ganguly P, McCarty J, Li MS, Hall C, Wang Y, Miller Y, Melchionna S, Habenstein B, Timr S, Chen J, Hnath B, Strodel B, Kayed R, Lesné S, Wei G, Sterpone F, Doig AJ, Derreumaux P. Amyloid Oligomers: A Joint Experimental/Computational Perspective on Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Type II Diabetes, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2545-2647. [PMID: 33543942 PMCID: PMC8836097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is observed in many amyloidogenic diseases affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. Structural and dynamic characterization of all species along the pathways from monomers to fibrils is challenging by experimental and computational means because they involve intrinsically disordered proteins in most diseases. Yet understanding how amyloid species become toxic is the challenge in developing a treatment for these diseases. Here we review what computer, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacological experiments tell us about the accumulation and deposition of the oligomers of the (Aβ, tau), α-synuclein, IAPP, and superoxide dismutase 1 proteins, which have been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes (T2D), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, respectively, for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Molecular Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mara Chiricotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Pritam Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James McCarty
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carol Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stepan Timr
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Brianna Hnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sylvain Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Andrew J Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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13
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Limbocker R, Mannini B, Ruggeri FS, Cascella R, Xu CK, Perni M, Chia S, Chen SW, Habchi J, Bigi A, Kreiser RP, Wright AK, Albright JA, Kartanas T, Kumita JR, Cremades N, Zasloff M, Cecchi C, Knowles TPJ, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Dobson CM. Trodusquemine displaces protein misfolded oligomers from cell membranes and abrogates their cytotoxicity through a generic mechanism. Commun Biol 2020; 3:435. [PMID: 32792544 PMCID: PMC7426408 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset and progression of numerous protein misfolding diseases are associated with the presence of oligomers formed during the aberrant aggregation of several different proteins, including amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease and α-synuclein (αS) in Parkinson’s disease. These small, soluble aggregates are currently major targets for drug discovery. In this study, we show that trodusquemine, a naturally-occurring aminosterol, markedly reduces the cytotoxicity of αS, Aβ and HypF-N oligomers to human neuroblastoma cells by displacing the oligomers from cell membranes in the absence of any substantial morphological and structural changes to the oligomers. These results indicate that the reduced toxicity results from a mechanism that is common to oligomers from different proteins, shed light on the origin of the toxicity of the most deleterious species associated with protein aggregation and suggest that aminosterols have the therapeutically-relevant potential to protect cells from the oligomer-induced cytotoxicity associated with numerous protein misfolding diseases. Limbocker et al. show that trodusquemine, an aminosterol, reduces the cytotoxicity of protein misfolded oligomers by displacing them from cell membranes in the absence of any overt structural/ morphological changes in them. This mechanism appears to be general, as they test it for oligomers of αS, Aβ and the model protein HypF-N to human neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Limbocker
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA
| | - Benedetta Mannini
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Francesco S Ruggeri
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Michele Perni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Sean Chia
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Serene W Chen
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Johnny Habchi
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Ryan P Kreiser
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA
| | - Aidan K Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA
| | - J Alex Albright
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA
| | - Tadas Kartanas
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Janet R Kumita
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nunilo Cremades
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Joint Unit BIFI-IQFR (CSIC), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michael Zasloff
- MedStar-Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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14
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Murakami K, Kato H, Hanaki M, Monobe Y, Akagi KI, Kawase T, Hirose K, Irie K. Synthetic and biochemical studies on the effect of persulfidation on disulfide dimer models of amyloid β42 at position 35 in Alzheimer's etiology. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19506-19512. [PMID: 35515472 PMCID: PMC9054097 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03429k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein persulfidation plays a role in redox signaling as an anti-oxidant. Dimers of amyloid β42 (Aβ42), which induces oxidative stress-associated neurotoxicity as a causative agent of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are minimum units of oligomers in AD pathology. Met35 can be susceptible to persulfidation through its substitution to homoCys residue under the condition of oxidative stress. In order to verify whether persulfidation has an effect in AD, herein we report a chemical approach by synthesizing disulfide dimers of Aβ42 and their evaluation of biochemical properties. A homoCys-disulfide dimer model at position 35 of Aβ42 formed a partial β-sheet structure, but its neurotoxicity was much weaker than that of the corresponding monomer. In contrast, the congener with an alkyl linker generated β-sheet-rich 8–16-mer oligomers with potent neurotoxicity. The length of protofibrils generated from the homoCys-disulfide dimer model was shorter than that of its congener with an alkyl linker. Therefore, the current data do not support the involvement of Aβ42 persulfidation in Alzheimer's disease. Our data do not support the Aβ42 persulfidation hypothesis in Alzheimer's etiology because the neurotoxicity of the homoCys-disulfide-Aβ42 dimer was very weak.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Haruka Kato
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Mizuho Hanaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yoko Monobe
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Akagi
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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15
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Cerofolini L, Ravera E, Bologna S, Wiglenda T, Böddrich A, Purfürst B, Benilova I, Korsak M, Gallo G, Rizzo D, Gonnelli L, Fragai M, De Strooper B, Wanker EE, Luchinat C. Mixing Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42) peptides generates unique amyloid fibrils. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8830-8833. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02463e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR experiments reveal that the two isoforms of the beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42)) are able to form unique interlaced mixed fibrils.
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