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Wang G, Han S, Lu Y. From Structure to Application: The Evolutionary Trajectory of Spherical Nucleic Acids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310026. [PMID: 38860348 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the proposal of the concept of spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) in 1996, numerous studies have focused on this topic and have achieved great advances. As a new delivery system for nucleic acids, SNAs have advantages over conventional deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanostructures, including independence from transfection reagents, tolerance to nucleases, and lower immune reactions. The flexible structure of SNAs proves that various inorganic or organic materials can be used as the core, and different types of nucleic acids can be conjugated to realize diverse functions and achieve surprising and exciting outcomes. The special DNA nanostructures have been employed for immunomodulation, gene regulation, drug delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging. Despite the lack of rational design strategies, potential cytotoxicity, and structural defects of this technology, various successful examples demonstrate the bright and convincing future of SNAs in fields such as new materials, clinical practice, and pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijia Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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2
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Zeng T, Fang J, Jiang Y, Xing C, Lu C, Yang H. Spherical Nucleic Acid Probe Based on 2'-Fluorinated DNA Functionalization for High-Fidelity Intracellular Sensing. Anal Chem 2022; 94:18009-18016. [PMID: 36519891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Traditional spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) assembled through Au-S covalent bonds are widely used in DNA-programmable assembly, biosensing, imaging, and therapeutics. However, biological thiols and other chemical substances can break the Au-S bonds and cause response distortion during the application process, specifically in cell environments. Herein, we report a new type of SNAs based on 2'-fluorinated DNA-functionalized AuNPs with excellent colloidal stability under high salt conditions (up to 1 M NaCl) and over a broad pH range (1-14), as well as resistance to biothiols. The fluorinated spherical nucleic acid probe (Au/FDNA probe) could detect targeted cancer cells with high fidelity. Compared to the traditional thiolated DNA-functionalized AuNP probe (Au-SDNA probe), the Au/FDNA probe exhibited a higher sensitivity to the target and a lower signal-to-background ratio. Furthermore, the Au/FDNA probe could discriminate target cancer cells in a mixed culture system. Using the proposed FDNA functionalization method, previously developed SNAs based on AuNPs could be directly adapted, which might open a new avenue for the design and application of SNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Center for Advanced Marine Materials and Smart Sensors, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
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3
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Spherical nucleic acids-based biosensors for cancer biomarkers detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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A “turn-on” DNA-scaffolded silver-nanocluster probe for detection of tumor-related mRNA. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:419-426. [DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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5
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Song S, Li N, Bai L, Gai P, Li F. Photo-Assisted Robust Anti-Interference Self-Powered Biosensing of MicroRNA Based on Pt-S Bonds and the Inorganic-Organic Hybridization Strategy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1654-1660. [PMID: 35025211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photo-assisted biofuel cell-based self-powered biosensors (PBFC-SPBs) possess the advantages of no need for external power supply, ease of sensing design, and simple instruments. In this work, a robust anti-interference PBFC-SPB for microRNA detection was constructed based on the Pt-S bond and the inorganic-organic hybridization strategy. The organic semiconductor [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methylester@anthraquinone (PCBM@anthraquinone) served as an efficient light-harvesting material, and gold nanoparticle@Pt (AuNP@Pt) nanomaterials were immobilized on the surface via electrostatic adsorption for the binding of DNA. Notably, compared to Au-S bonds for DNA immobilization, the Pt-S bond exhibited better anti-interference ability. Ingeniously, cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) were close to the PCBM@anthraquinone substrate electrode to form sensitization structures, which was beneficial to enhance the photocurrent signal. Combining with the laccase-mimicking activity Cu2+/carbon nanotubes (Cu2+/CNTs) cathode, the PBFC-SPB for microRNA detection was achieved. Once the target existed, the identical sequence complementary microRNA would make DNA2/CdS dissociate and break away from the electrode, leading to a low signal. The linear detection range was 10 fM-100 pM, with the limit of determination of 2.4 fM (3S/N). The as-proposed strategy not only paves a new way for the design of photoelectrochemical biosensing but also opens a door for the construction of robust anti-interference bioassay for microRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Song
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Bai
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Gai
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
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Hu B, Zhang Q, Gao X, Xu K, Tang B. Monitoring the Activation of Caspases-1/3/4 for Describing the Pyroptosis Pathways of Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12022-12031. [PMID: 34445863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is closely related to inhibiting the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the pyroptosis pathways (PPs) impacted by different stimulants are still unknown. To accurately understand the PP in cancer cells, we designed a multicolor fluorescent nanoprobe (Cas-NP) to monitor the activation of caspases-1/3/4 during pyroptosis. The Cas-NP was prepared by the assembly of three different fluorophores-labeled peptides, specific response to caspases-1/3/4 on Au nanoparticles via the Au-Se bond to in situ monitor caspase-1/3/4 with high selectivity and sensitivity. Moreover, the selenopeptide specific to caspase-4 (Cyanine-5-LEVD-SeH) was synthesized for the first time to overcome the difficulty in commercial synthesis. During the pyroptosis of cancer cells induced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), only the fluorescence of caspase-1 significantly increases. When the cells are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the fluorescence signals corresponding to caspases-3 and 4 first appear and then the fluorescence of caspase-1 is observed. Furthermore, the inhibitor study indicates that the activated caspase-4 can lead to the activation of caspase-1 after the LPS treatment. We first discovered that caspase-3 is activated during the pyroptosis process stimulated by LPS and further verified the activation sequence of caspases-1/3/4 via visualized fluorescence detection. The study provides an effective tool for understanding complex signaling mechanisms in pyroptosis cells and new ideas to explore useful therapeutic inhibitors based on pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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Dong X, Ong SY, Zhang C, Chen W, Du S, Xiao Q, Gao L, Yao SQ. Broad-Spectrum Polymeric Nanoquencher as an Efficient Fluorescence Sensing Platform for Biomolecular Detection. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3102-3111. [PMID: 34383471 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal inorganic nanostructures (metal, carbon, and silica) have been widely used as "nanoquenchers" for construction of nanosensors; however, inherent drawbacks such as insufficient fluorescence quenching efficiency, false positive signals, and uncertain long-term cytotoxicity have limited their further utility. Herein, by taking advantages of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) in terms of high loading capacity, facile surface modification chemistry, and good biocompatibility, we report a broad-spectrum (400-750 nm) polymeric fluorescence-quenching platform for sensor fabrication. Our newly developed polymeric nanoquenchers (qPNPs) were constructed by concurrently encapsulating various alkylated black-hole quenchers into nanoparticles made of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) and were found to have an excellent fluorescence quenching effect (>400-fold) on common fluorophores (FAM, TMR, and Cy5) together with high stability under physiological conditions. As a proof of concept, the feasibility of these qPNPs for fluorescence sensing was validated by successful construction of two nanosensors (FAMDEVD@qPNP and Cy5SurC@qPNP), which could be used as promising nanosensors for live-cell imaging of the apoptosis-related protease caspase-3 and cancer-related survivin mRNA, respectively. As expected, in the FAM channel, the FAMDEVD@qPNP showed fast and selective fluorescence responses toward caspase-3 in buffers and could be used to image the activation of drug-induced endogenous caspase-3. In the Cy5 channel, the Cy5SurC@qPNP could be used to distinguish normal cells (MCF10A) from cancer cells (HeLa) by quantitatively detecting the endogenous survivin mRNA level. It could be further used to monitor changes in the endogenous survivin mRNA expression levels in drug-treated HeLa cells. Altogether, by virtue of their high quencher loading and broad-spectrum quenching efficiency and good signal-to-background ratio, these qPNPs might be particularly attractive alternatives to other conventional nanoquenchers for the construction of more complex biosensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sing Yee Ong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School (Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, ISEP), National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, #04-02, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Changyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shubo Du
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qicai Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School (Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, ISEP), National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, #04-02, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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8
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Zhou B, Guo X, Yang N, Huang Z, Huang L, Fang Z, Zhang C, Li L, Yu C. Surface engineering strategies of gold nanomaterials and their applications in biomedicine and detection. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5583-5598. [PMID: 34161402 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanomaterials have potential applications in biosensors and biomedicine due to their controllable synthesis steps, high biocompatibility, low toxicity and easy surface modification. However, there are still various limitations including low water solubility and stability, which greatly affect their applications. In addition, some synthetic methods are very complicated and costly. Therefore, huge efforts have been made to improve their properties. This review mainly introduces the strategies for surface modification of gold nanomaterials, such as amines, biological small molecules and organic small molecules as well as the biological applications of these functionalized AuNPs. We aim to provide effective ideas for better functionalization of gold nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaolu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhongxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhijie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
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Hu X, Huang Y, Yin H, Dai L, Tian Y. DNA‐Based
Architectures for
in situ
Target Biomolecule Analysis in Confined Nano‐space
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute Nanjing University Shenzhen Guangdong 518000 China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Yide Huang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Hao Yin
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Lizhi Dai
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Ye Tian
- Shenzhen Research Institute Nanjing University Shenzhen Guangdong 518000 China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
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Hao Y, Li Y, Song L, Deng Z. Flash Synthesis of Spherical Nucleic Acids with Record DNA Density. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3065-3069. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yanjuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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