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Zhu J, Tuo DH, Wang XD, Ao YF, Wang QQ, Wang DX. Anion-Carbonyl Interactions. Org Lett 2024; 26:5984-5988. [PMID: 38975861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Presented herein is the exploration of a novel non-covalent anion-carbonyl (X-···C═O) interaction using aromatic imides as receptors and halides as lone pair donors. Combined theoretical calculations and experimental methods including 13C NMR, IR, and crystallographic analyses were performed to provide the physical origin and experimental evidence of anion-carbonyl interactions. The EDA analysis (energy decomposition analysis) based on DFT calculation indicates that electrostatic terms are the dominant contributions for the binding energy while electron delocalization also significantly contributes alongside the electrostatic attraction. Orbital interaction (n → π*) involving the delocalization of halide lone pairs on the carbonyl antibonding orbitals was visualized with NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) analysis. 13C NMR and IR spectra demonstrated upfield chemical shifts and red-shift frequency of hosts upon the addition of halides, reflecting the effect of orbital overlap between the halide lone pairs and π* of carbonyl (n → π* contribution). The anion-carbonyl interactions were directly revealed by X-ray structural analysis of anion and benzene triimide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - De-Hui Tuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wang XD, Zhu J, Wang DX. Intermolecular n→π* Interactions in Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300288. [PMID: 37609956 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The n→π* interactions describing attractive force between lone pairs (lps) of nucleophile and carbonyl or polarized unsaturated bonds have recently attracted growing attentions in various disciplines. So far, such non-covalent driving force are mainly concentrated to intramolecular systems. Intermolecular n→π* interactions in principle could produce fascinated supramolecular systems or facilitate organic reactions, however, they remain largely underexplored due to the very weak energy of individual interaction. This review attempts to give an overview of the challenging intermolecular n→π* interactions, much efforts emphasize the supramolecular systems, catalytic processes and spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhu J, Wang XD, Ao YF, Wang QQ, Wang DX. Intermolecular n→π* Interactions Based on a Tailored Multicarbonyl-Containing Macrocycle. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203485. [PMID: 36445795 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Towards unexplored intermolecular n→π* interactions, presented herein are the synthesis, structure, self-assembly and function of a multicarbonyl-containing macrocycle calix[2]arene[2]barbiturate 1. X-ray single crystal diffraction reveals the presence of Cl⋅⋅⋅C=O interactions in CH2 Cl2 ⊂1 host-guest complex and multiple intermolecular C=O⋅⋅⋅C=O interactions between molecules 1 in crystalline state. The intermolecular C=O⋅⋅⋅C=O interactions as attractive driving force led to unprecedented self-assembly of nanotube with diameter around 1.4 nm and inner surface engineered by aromatic rings. SEM and TEM images of the self-assembly of 1 demonstrated temperature-dependent morphologies which allows the observation of spheres at 25 °C and rods at 0 °C, respectively. XRD analysis indicated consistent hexagonal patterns in the self-assembly and single crystal lattice, indicating the nanotubes driven by C=O⋅⋅⋅C=O interactions constitute the basic structural architectures of both aggregates. The nanoscopic tubes (pores) formed in the rodlike single crystal engendering the separation of moving dyes were preliminarily investigated by a single-crystal chromatography and crystal-packed column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China)
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China)
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China)
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China)
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Feiler T, Bhattacharya B, Michalchuk AAL, Rhim SY, Schröder V, List-Kratochvil E, Emmerling F. Tuning the mechanical flexibility of organic molecular crystals by polymorphism for flexible optical waveguides. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00642h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to selectively tune the optical and the mechanical properties of organic molecular crystals offers a promising approach towards developing flexible optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torvid Feiler
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Biswajit Bhattacharya
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam A. L. Michalchuk
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Seon-Young Rhim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, IRIS Adlershof, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, IRIS Adlershof, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emil List-Kratochvil
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, IRIS Adlershof, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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