1
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Yang HB, Guo Y, Cao K, Jiang QJ, Teng CC, Zhu DY, Wang SH. Iridium-catalyzed selective arylation of B(6)-H of 3-aryl- o-carboranes with arylboronic acid via direct B-H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1124-1127. [PMID: 38193475 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This work discloses an iridium-catalyzed selective arylation of B(6)-H of 3-Ar-o-carboranes with arylboronic acid via direct B-H activation for the first time. A series of unsymmetric and symmetric 3,6-diaryl-o-carboranes decorated with diverse active groups have been synthesized with moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. This work offers an efficient approach for selective arylation of B(6)-H with arylboronic acid and has important value for selective functionalization of o-carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, P. R. China
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Qi-Jia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Chao-Chao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Dao-Yong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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2
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Lu P, Zhuang W, Lu L, Liu A, Chen Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Huang Q. Chemodivergent Synthesis of Indeno[1,2- b]indoles and Isoindolo[2,1- a]indoles via Mn(III)-Mediated or Electrochemical Intramolecular Radical Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10967-10981. [PMID: 35901234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemodivergent synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]indoles and isoindolo[2,1-a]indoles from the same starting materials involving radical cross-dehydrogenative couplings have been developed. Mn(OAc)3·2H2O selectively promoted an intramolecular radical C-H/C-H dehydrogenative coupling reaction to provide indeno[1,2-b]indoles, while an intramolecular radical C-H/N-H dehydrogenative coupling reaction could proceed via electrochemistry to deliver isoindolo[2,1-a]indoles. Plausible mechanisms of the chemodivergent reactions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Weihui Zhuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Leipeng Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Anyi Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Yixi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Chenmeng Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
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3
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Ko GH, Um K, Noh HC, Kim JY, Jeong H, Maeng C, Han SH, Han GU, Lee PH. Iridium(III)-Catalyzed B(4)-Acylmethylation and B(3,5)-Diacylmethylation from o-Carboranes and Sulfoxonium Ylides. Org Lett 2022; 24:1604-1609. [PMID: 35175779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An iridium(III)-catalyzed regioselective acylmethylation of the cage B(4)-H bond in o-carborane acids with sulfoxonium ylides is demonstrated through B(4)-H activation in ethanol under very mild conditions, affording a number of B(4)-acylmethylated o-carboranes. Additionally, the selective sequential B(4)- and B(6)-acylmethylation reactions finally gave B(3,5)-diacylmethylated o-carboranes in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Um
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,KIIT (Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneal Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyoung Maeng
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Uk Han
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,KIIT (Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhang J, Xie Z. Advances in transition metal catalyzed selective B H functionalization of o-carboranes. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Recent trends and tactics in facile functionalization of neutral icosahedral carboranes (C2B10H12) and nido-carborane (7,8-C2B9H12−). ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Abstract
Carboranes are a class of polyhedral carbon-boron molecular clusters featuring three-dimensional aromaticity, which are often considered as 3D analogues of benzene. Their unique structural and electronic properties make them invaluable building blocks for applications ranging from functional materials to versatile ligands to pharmaceuticals. Thus, selective functionalization of carboranes has received tremendous research interest. In earlier days, the vast majority of the works in this area were focused on cage carbon functionalization via facile deprotonation of cage CH, followed by reaction with electrophiles. On the contrary, cage B-H activation is very challenging since the 10 B-H bonds on o-carborane are very similar, and how to achieve the desired transformation at specific boron vertex is a long-standing issue.As carbon is considered more electronegative than boron, this property results in different vertex charges on the o-carborane cage, which follow the order B(3,6)-H ≪ B(4,5,7,11)-H < B(8,10)-H < B(9,12)-H. We thought that this difference may trigger the favorite interaction of a proper transition metal complex with a specific B-H bond of carborane, which could be utilized to solve the selectivity issue. Accordingly, our strategy is described as follows: (1) electron-rich transition metal catalysts are good for the activation of the most electron-deficient B(3,6)-H bonds (connected to both cage C-H vertices); (2) electron-deficient transition metal catalysts are good for the activation of the relatively electron-rich B(8,9,10,12)-H bonds (with no bonding to either cage C-H vertices); and (3) directing-group-assisted transition metal catalysis is appropriate for the activation of the B(4,5,7,11)-H bonds (connected to only one cage C-H vertex), whose vertex charges lie in the middle of the range for the 10 B-H bonds. This strategy has been successfully applied by our laboratory and other groups in the development of a series of synthetic routes for catalytic selective activation of B-H bonds of the carborane cage, resulting in the synthesis of a large number of cage-boron-functionalized carborane derivatives in a regioselective and catalytic fashion. Subsequently, significant progress in this emerging area has been made.In 2013 we reported the selective tetrafluorination of o-carboranes at the B(8,9,10,12)-H bonds using an electron-deficient Pd(II) salt, [Pd(MeCN)4][BF4], as the catalyst. In 2014 we disclosed the first example of carboxy-directed alkenylation of o-carboranes at the B(4) vertex promoted by an Ir(III) catalyst. Subsequently, in 2017 we presented an electron-rich Ir(I)-catalyzed diborylation of o-carboranes at the B(3,6)-H bonds. We also uncovered the first example of Pd-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of chiral-at-cage o-carboranes in 2018. These proof-of-principle studies have greatly stimulated research activities in selective B-H activation of carboranes and boron clusters enabled by transition metal catalysts. We have so far developed a toolbox of synthetic methods for selective catalytic cage B-olefination, -arylation, -alkenylation, -alkynylation, -oxygenation, -sulfenylation, -borylation, -halogenation, and -amination. We have recently expanded our research to base metal catalysis. As the field progresses, we expect that other methods for regioselective cage B-H activation will be invented, and the results detailed in this Account will promote these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Yang L, Jei BB, Scheremetjew A, Yuan B, Stückl AC, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative o-carborane chalcogenations without directing groups: cage activation by copper catalysis at room temperature. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12971-12976. [PMID: 34745527 PMCID: PMC8513870 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02905c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed electrochemical direct chalcogenations of o-carboranes was established at room temperature. Thereby, a series of cage C-sulfenylated and C-selenylated o-carboranes anchored with valuable functional groups was accessed with high levels of position- and chemo-selectivity control. The cupraelectrocatalysis provided efficient means to activate otherwise inert cage C-H bonds for the late-stage diversification of o-carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - A Claudia Stückl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Gottingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany
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8
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Cao K, Wu J, Zhang C, Ding L, Yang J. Iridium Catalyzed Selective Arylation of B(3)‐H Bond of
o
‐Carborane via B−H/C−H Activation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Ji Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang Sichuan P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Cai‐Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Li‐Fang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang Sichuan P. R. China
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9
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Sivaev IB. Functional Group Directed B–H Activation of Polyhedral Boron Hydrides by Transition Metal Complexes (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621090151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Au YK, Xie Z. Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Selective B-H Functionalization ofo-Carboranes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yik Ki Au
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, P. R. China
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11
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Au YK, Zhang J, Quan Y, Xie Z. Ir-Catalyzed Selective B(3)-H Amination of o-Carboranes with NH3. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4148-4153. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yik Ki Au
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangjian Quan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
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12
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Guo C, Qiu Z, Xie Z. Catalytic Cage BH Functionalization of Carboranes via “Cage Walking” Strategy. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Guo
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Cheng R, Qiu Z, Xie Z. Palladium‐Catalyzed
Oxidative Annulation of
1‐Hydroxy‐
o
‐Carborane
with Internal Alkynes: Facile Synthesis of
Carborane‐Fused
Oxaboroles
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Cheng
- Shanghai‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
- Fujian Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Rd West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong, China
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14
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Au YK, Quan Y, Xie Z. Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Annulation of 1‐Hydroxy‐
o
‐Carborane and Internal Alkynes via Regioselective B‐H Activation. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2170-2173. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yik Ki Au
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong China
| | - Yangjian Quan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong China
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15
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Chen Y, Quan Y, Xie Z. 8-Aminoquinoline as a bidentate traceless directing group for Cu-catalyzed selective B(4,5)–H disulfenylation of o-carboranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12997-13000. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A traceless bidentate directing group guided copper catalyzed cage B(4,5)–H disulfenylation of o-carboranes has been achieved, where the in situ departure of 8-aminoquinoline circumvents additional process for directing group removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T
- China
| | - Yangjian Quan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T
- China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T
- China
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