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Lima E, Reis LV. Photodynamic Therapy: From the Basics to the Current Progress of N-Heterocyclic-Bearing Dyes as Effective Photosensitizers. Molecules 2023; 28:5092. [PMID: 37446758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy, an alternative that has gained weight and popularity compared to current conventional therapies in the treatment of cancer, is a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy that generally results from the simultaneous action of three factors: a molecule with high sensitivity to light, the photosensitizer, molecular oxygen in the triplet state, and light energy. There is much to be said about each of these three elements; however, the efficacy of the photosensitizer is the most determining factor for the success of this therapeutic modality. Porphyrins, chlorins, phthalocyanines, boron-dipyrromethenes, and cyanines are some of the N-heterocycle-bearing dyes' classes with high biological promise. In this review, a concise approach is taken to these and other families of potential photosensitizers and the molecular modifications that have recently appeared in the literature within the scope of their photodynamic application, as well as how these compounds and their formulations may eventually overcome the deficiencies of the molecules currently clinically used and revolutionize the therapies to eradicate or delay the growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico Lima
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lucinda V Reis
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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2
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You PD, Ouyang CR, Lu F, Zeng C, Cai HD, Shi GS, Liu L, Zhou CQ. Water-solubility croconic acid-bisindole dye with morpholine ring for tumor NIRF/PA imaging and photothermal therapy activated by lysosome pH-response. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 245:112748. [PMID: 37354847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel croconic acid-bisindole dye CR-630 with a morpholine ring showed good water-solubility and obvious lysosome-targeting. The protonation of the nitrogen atom in the indole and lysosome-targeting of morpholine ring let it exhibit stronger pH-responsive NIR/PA imaging and photothermal effect in the lysosome acidic microenvironment (pH 4.0-5.5) than in the tumor acidic microenvironment. In the animal study, compound CR-630 could NIRF/PA image in the tumor tissues in 1.5-2.0 h, effectively inhibit the growth of the tumor, and even ablate the tumor at the drug dose of 1 mg/kg. It also demonstrated good biosafety. This study gives a new idea to develop water-solubility organic dyes with lysosome targeting, stronger pH-responsive NIRF/PA imaging and PTT for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Dan You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ren Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Fei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hong-Die Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Guo-Sheng Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chun-Qiong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Son H, Shin J, Park J. Recent progress in nanomedicine-mediated cytosolic delivery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9788-9799. [PMID: 36998521 PMCID: PMC10043881 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic delivery of bioactive agents has exhibited great potential to cure undruggable targets and diseases. Because biological cell membranes are a natural barrier for living cells, efficient delivery methods are required to transfer bioactive and therapeutic agents into the cytosol. Various strategies that do not require cell invasive and harmful processes, such as endosomal escape, cell-penetrating peptides, stimuli-sensitive delivery, and fusogenic liposomes, have been developed for cytosolic delivery. Nanoparticles can easily display functionalization ligands on their surfaces, enabling many bio-applications for cytosolic delivery of various cargo, including genes, proteins, and small-molecule drugs. Cytosolic delivery uses nanoparticle-based delivery systems to avoid degradation of proteins and keep the functionality of other bioactive molecules, and functionalization of nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles imparts a specific targeting ability. With these advantages, nanomedicines have been used for organelle-specific tagging, vaccine delivery for enhanced immunotherapy, and intracellular delivery of proteins and genes. Optimization of the size, surface charges, specific targeting ability, and composition of nanoparticles is needed for various cargos and target cells. Toxicity issues with the nanoparticle material must be managed to enable clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Son
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu Seoul 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Shin
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu Seoul 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyuck Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu Seoul 06591 Republic of Korea
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Cai Y, Pan Y, Liu L, Zhang T, Liang C, Mou X, Ye X, Wang W, Dong X. Succinct croconic acid-based near-infrared functional materials for biomedical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bui TL, Ho NT, Ho XVTT, Ngo DN, Lim SH, Son SJ, Noh SM, Joo SW. Plasmonic nanorod array for effective photothermal therapy in hyperthermia. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8961-8964. [PMID: 34486587 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of anisotropic gold nanorod arrays inside anodic aluminium oxide substrates enhance the longitudinal absorption intensities and the hyperthermia cancer cell killing at 42.1 °C under photothermal laser exposures at 671 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Lam Bui
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ngoc Thanh Ho
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xuan Vuong Thi Thanh Ho
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dinh Nghi Ngo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Hyuk Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Jun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 681-310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang E, Jung HS. Organelle-targeted photothermal agents for cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7731-7742. [PMID: 34286722 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02168k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past ten years, advances in the field of organelle-targeted photothermal therapy (PTT) have stimulated the rapid development of organelle-targeted PTT agents as anticancer therapeutic agents. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive review of organelle-targeted PTT agents has been reported thus far. In this article, we have provided a structured approach for describing the different types and properties of each organelle-targeted PTT agent as well as the potential future therapeutic applications that were classified by their target organelles. Representative agents that have been used in the field of PTT since 2010 have been summarized and the most recent advances in improving the therapeutic efficacy across various types of cancers have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbin Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyupsung University, Hwasung-si, 18330, Korea.
| | - Hyo Sung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyupsung University, Hwasung-si, 18330, Korea.
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Kumar AVP, Dubey SK, Tiwari S, Puri A, Hejmady S, Gorain B, Kesharwani P. Recent advances in nanoparticles mediated photothermal therapy induced tumor regression. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120848. [PMID: 34216762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally invasive procedure for treating cancer. The two significant prerequisites of PTT are the photothermal therapeutic agent (PTA) and near-infrared radiation (NIR). The PTA absorbs NIR, causing hyperthermia in the malignant cells. This increased temperature at the tumor microenvironment finally results in tumor cell damage. Nanoparticles play a crucial role in PTT, aiding in the passive and active targeting of the PTA to the tumor microenvironment. Through enhanced permeation and retention effect and surface-engineering, specific targeting could be achieved. This novel delivery tool provides the advantages of changing the shape, size, and surface attributes of the carriers containing PTAs, which might facilitate tumor regression significantly. Further, inclusion of surface engineering of nanoparticles is facilitated through ligating ligands specific to overexpressed receptors on the cancer cell surface. Thus, transforming nanoparticles grants the ability to combine different treatment strategies with PTT to enhance cancer treatment. This review emphasizes properties of PTAs, conjugated biomolecules of PTAs, and the combinatorial techniques for a better therapeutic effect of PTT using the nanoparticle platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achalla Vaishnav Pavan Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sunil K Dubey
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata 700056, India.
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Siddhanth Hejmady
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Liu S, Su H, Bu L, Yan J, Li G, Huang J. Fluorogenic probes for mitochondria and lysosomes via intramolecular photoclick reaction. Analyst 2021; 146:1369-1375. [PMID: 33393557 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tetrazole-based photoclick chemistry has attracted considerable attention in virtue of its good biocompatibility, exclusive molecular reaction, and spatiotemporally controllable properties. Using this photoclick reaction, we designed an in situ, real-time fluorescence imaging system that targeted mitochondria and lysosomes in a spatiotemporally controllable manner. Upon irradiation, the pyrazoline fluorophore was generated in situ by the intramolecular tetrazole-alkene cycloaddition reaction ("photo-click chemistry"). This strategy exhibits features such as fast response, high efficiency, strong fluorescence intensity without background and superior stability. In addition, by integrating with an organelle-specific group, it has a good application for subcellular targeting imaging. Furthermore, the photo-responsive moiety Tet facilitates the probes, Mt-Tet and Ly-Tet, for the super-resolution imaging of subcellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
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