1
|
Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Ríos-Lombardía N, García-Garrido SE, Concellón C, del Amo V, Capriati V, García-Álvarez J. Recent Advancements in the Utilization of s-Block Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis with Sustainable Solvents. Molecules 2024; 29:1422. [PMID: 38611702 PMCID: PMC11012548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This mini-review offers a comprehensive overview of the advancements made over the last three years in utilizing highly polar s-block organometallic reagents (specifically, RLi, RNa and RMgX compounds) in organic synthesis run under bench-type reaction conditions. These conditions involve exposure to air/moisture and are carried out at room temperature, with the use of sustainable solvents as reaction media. In the examples provided, the adoption of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) or even water as non-conventional and protic reaction media has not only replicated the traditional chemistry of these organometallic reagents in conventional and toxic volatile organic compounds under Schlenk-type reaction conditions (typically involving low temperatures of -78 °C to 0 °C and a protective atmosphere of N2 or Ar), but has also resulted in higher conversions and selectivities within remarkably short reaction times (measured in s/min). Furthermore, the application of the aforementioned polar organometallics under bench-type reaction conditions (at room temperature/under air) has been extended to other environmentally responsible reaction media, such as more sustainable ethereal solvents (e.g., CPME or 2-MeTHF). Notably, this innovative approach contributes to enhancing the overall sustainability of s-block-metal-mediated organic processes, thereby aligning with several key principles of Green Chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale “Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi” (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergio E. García-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Concellón
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente del Amo
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale “Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi” (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elorriaga D, Carrillo‐Hermosilla F, Parra‐Cadenas B, Antiñolo A, García‐Álvarez J. Aerobic/Room-Temperature-Compatible s-Block Organometallic Chemistry in Neat Conditions: A Missing Synthetic Tool for the Selective Conversion of Nitriles into Asymmetric Alcohols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201348. [PMID: 35904929 PMCID: PMC9804429 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly-efficient and selective one-pot/two-step modular double addition of different highly polar organometallic reagents (RLi/RMgX) to nitriles en route to asymmetric tertiary alcohols (without the need for isolation/purification of any halfway reaction intermediate) has been studied, for the first time, in the absence of external/additional organic solvents (neat conditions), at room temperature and under air/moisture (no protecting atmosphere is required), which are generally forbidden reaction conditions in the field of highly-reactive organolithium/organomagnesium reagents. The one-pot modular tandem protocol demonstrated high chemoselectivity with a broad range of nitriles, as no side reactions (Li/halogen exchange, ortho-lithiations or benzylic metalations) were detected. Finally, this protocol could be scaled up, thus proving that this environmentally friendly methodology is amenable for a possible applied synthesis of asymmetric tertiary alcohols under bench type reaction conditions and in the absence of external organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Fernando Carrillo‐Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Blanca Parra‐Cadenas
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaIUQOEM)Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad de OviedoE33071OviedoSpain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verma A, Dolui P, Hazra S, Elias AJ. Directing group enabled ‘On-Water’ C-H bond functionalization of ferrocene derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
4
|
Arginine‐Catalyzed Henry Reaction of α‐Keto Amides with Nitromethane on Water. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Cai R, Zhou Q, Hou T, Li B, Liu Y, Li H, Gao Y, Zhu L, Luo J. Facile construction of the all-bridge-position-functionalized 2,4,6,8-tetraazaadamantane skeleton and conversion of its N-functionalities. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unusual protocol of a “one-pot” three-step strategy to build the 2,4,6,8-tetraazaadamantane skeleton was developed. 17 products were obtained in 19–46% yields, and the N-benzyl groups were transferred to nitroso, acetyl, benzoyl and nitro groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tianjiao Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Longyi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ramos-Martín M, Lecuna R, Cicco L, Vitale P, Capriati V, Ríos-Lombardía N, González-Sabín J, Presa Soto A, García-Álvarez J. A one-pot two-step synthesis of tertiary alcohols combining the biocatalytic laccase/TEMPO oxidation system with organolithium reagents in aerobic aqueous media at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13534-13537. [PMID: 34850798 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06460f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The one-pot/two-step combination of enzymes and polar organometallic chemistry in aqueous media is for the first time presented as a proof-of-concept study. The unprecedented combination of the catalytic oxidation of secondary alcohols by the system laccase/TEMPO with the ultrafast addition (3 s reaction time) of polar organometallic reagents (RLi/RMgX) to the in situ formed ketones, run under air at room temperature, allows the straightforward and chemoselective synthesis of tertiary alcohols with broad substrate scope and excellent conversions (up to 96%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ramos-Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ramón Lecuna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Luciana Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari ''Aldo Moro'', Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari ''Aldo Moro'', Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari ''Aldo Moro'', Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud. Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Oviedo, 33011, Spain.
| | - Javier González-Sabín
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud. Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Oviedo, 33011, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
García‐Garrido SE, Presa Soto A, Hevia E, García‐Álvarez J. Advancing Air‐ and Moisture‐Compatible s‐Block Organometallic Chemistry Using Sustainable Solvents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E. García‐Garrido
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie (DCBP) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elorriaga D, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Lara-Sánchez A, Castro-Osma JA, García-Álvarez J. Fast Addition of s-Block Organometallic Reagents to CO 2 -Derived Cyclic Carbonates at Room Temperature, Under Air, and in 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2084-2092. [PMID: 33666346 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast addition of highly polar organometallic reagents (RMgX/RLi) to cyclic carbonates (derived from CO2 as a sustainable C1 synthon) has been studied in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as a green reaction medium or in the absence of external volatile organic solvents, at room temperature, and in the presence of air/moisture. These reaction conditions are generally forbidden with these highly reactive main-group organometallic compounds. The correct stoichiometry and nature of the polar organometallic alkylating or arylating reagent allows straightforward synthesis of: highly substituted tertiary alcohols, β-hydroxy esters, or symmetric ketones, working always under air and at room temperature. Finally, an unprecedented one-pot/two-step hybrid protocol is developed through combination of an Al-catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 and propylene oxide with the concomitant fast addition of RLi reagents to the in situ and transiently formed cyclic carbonate, thus allowing indirect conversion of CO2 into the desired highly substituted tertiary alcohols without need for isolation or purification of any reaction intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Antonio Castro-Osma
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Quivelli AF, D’Addato G, Vitale P, García-Álvarez J, Perna FM, Capriati V. Expeditious and practical synthesis of tertiary alcohols from esters enabled by highly polarized organometallic compounds under aerobic conditions in Deep Eutectic Solvents or bulk water. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
10
|
Cicco L, Dilauro G, Perna FM, Vitale P, Capriati V. Advances in deep eutectic solvents and water: applications in metal- and biocatalyzed processes, in the synthesis of APIs, and other biologically active compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2558-2577. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in metal- and biocatalyzed transformations, in the synthesis of APIs and other biologically active compounds, when employing deep eutectic solvents and water as environmentally responsible solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|