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Jeong DI, Lee UY, Kim H, Bang HS, Choi HW, Kim J, Choi HG, Oh HS, Kang BK, Yoon DH. Promoted Overall Water Splitting Catalytic Activity and Durability of Ni 3Fe Alloy by Designing N-Doped Carbon Encapsulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307830. [PMID: 38263814 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Combining an electrochemically stable material onto the surface of a catalyst can improve the durability of a transition metal catalyst, and enable the catalyst to operate stably at high current density. Herein, the contribution of the N-doped carbon shell (NCS) to the electrochemical properties is evaluated by comparing the characteristics of the Ni3Fe@NCS catalyst with the N-doped carbon shell, and the Ni3Fe catalyst. The synthesized Ni3Fe@NCS catalyst has a distinct overpotential difference from the Ni3Fe catalyst (ηOER = 468.8 mV, ηHER = 462.2 mV) at (200 and -200) mA cm-2 in 1 m KOH. In stability test at (10 and -10) mA cm-2, the Ni3Fe@NCS catalyst showed a stability of (95.47 and 99.6)%, while the Ni3Fe catalyst showed a stability of (72.4 and 95.9)%, respectively. In addition, the in situ X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) results show that redox reaction appeared in the Ni3Fe catalyst by applying voltages of (1.7 and -0.48) V. The decomposition of nickel and iron due to the redox reaction is detected as a high ppm concentration in the Ni3Fe catalyst through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. This work presents the strategy and design of a next-generation electrochemical catalyst to improve the electrocatalytic properties and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Jeong
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Young Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anamdong-5-Ga, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seok Bang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Gu Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Suk Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyun Kang
- Department of Electronic Materials, Devices, and Equipment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22, Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan City, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Energy Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, 22, Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan City, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Yoon
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Fu T, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Flame-responsive aryl ether nitrile structure towards multiple fire hazards suppression of thermoplastic polyester. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123714. [PMID: 33264893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple fire hazards (heat, smoke, dripping) caused by thermoplastic polymers pose integrated risks. Halogen or phosphorus flame-retardants tend to increase toxic, smoke or dripping hazards due to their flame-retardant mechanism. The physical blending flame-retardants into matrixes also presents a migration dilemma with causing potential environmental threats. Herein, we propose a novel multi-hazards inhibition strategy by chemical-incorporating aryl ether nitrile structures into poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET), which is a typical thermoplastic polymer and a major contributor of multiple fire hazards. Through flame-responsive cyclotrimerization and aliphatic fragment capture, the flammability risks and multi-hazards (heat, smoke, toxicity, dripping) are significantly suppressed. The limiting oxygen index of the modified PET increases from 21.0 to 31.0. The peak of heat release, total smoke release, and carbon monoxide production decrease by 49.0 %, 31.1 %, and 52.6 %, respectively. The dripping hazards are eliminated, and the UL-94 rating reaches to V-0 level with no dripping production. Hence, this state-of-art strategy supplies a new approach for the fire hazards suppression of thermoplastic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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