1
|
Arfaoui M, Zawadzka N, Ayari S, Chen Z, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Babiński A, Koperski M, Jaziri S, Molas MR. Optical properties of orthorhombic germanium sulfide: unveiling the anisotropic nature of Wannier excitons. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17014-17028. [PMID: 37843442 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
To fully explore exciton-based applications and improve their performance, it is essential to understand the exciton behavior in anisotropic materials. Here, we investigate the optical properties of anisotropic excitons in GeS encapsulated by h-BN using different approaches that combine polarization- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements, ab initio calculations, and effective mass approximation (EMA). Using the Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) method, we found that the optical absorption spectra in GeS are significantly affected by the Coulomb interaction included in the BSE method, which shows the importance of excitonic effects besides it exhibits a significant dependence on the direction of polarization, revealing the anisotropic nature of bulk GeS. By combining ab initio calculations and EMA methods, we investigated the quasi-hydrogenic exciton states and oscillator strength (OS) of GeS along the zigzag and armchair axes. We found that the anisotropy induces lifting of the degeneracy and mixing of the excitonic states in GeS, which results in highly non-hydrogenic features. A very good agreement with the experiment is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Arfaoui
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Natalia Zawadzka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sabrine Ayari
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Material, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Adam Babiński
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Material, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Sihem Jaziri
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Maciej R Molas
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zou H, Wang X, Zhou K, Li Y, Fu Y, Zhang L. Electronic property modulation in two-dimensional lateral superlattices of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10439-10448. [PMID: 35816154 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02189g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating lateral heterostructures (HSs) and superlattices (SLs) provides a unique degree of freedom for modulating the physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials by varying the chemical component, geometric size and interface structure in the ultra-thin atomic thickness limit. While a variety of 2D lateral HSs/SLs have been synthesized, especially for transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), how such structures affect quantitatively the physical properties of 2D materials has not yet been established. We herein explore electronic property modulation in 2D lateral SLs of monolayer TMDs through first-principles high-throughput calculations. The dependence of the electronic structure, bandgap, carrier effective masses, charge density overlap on chemical components, interface type, and sub-lattice size of lateral TMD-SLs are investigated. We find that by comparison with their random alloy counterparts, the lateral TMD-SLs exhibit generally type-II band alignment, a wider range of bandgap tunability, larger carrier effective masses, and stronger electron-hole charge separation tendency. The bandgap variation with a sub-lattice size shows larger bowing parameters for the SLs with heterogeneous anions, by comparison with the homogeneous anion cases. A similar behavior is observed for the SLs with an armchair-type interface, by comparison with the zigzag-type interface cases. Further analyses reveal that the underlying physical mechanism can be attributed to the synergistic interplay among the band offset of sub-lattices, quantum confinement effect, and existing internal strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yawen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuhao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Y, Si J, Lin S, Lv H, Song W, Zhang R, Luo X, Lu W, Zhu X, Sun Y. Colossal 3D Electrical Anisotropy of MoAlB Single Crystal. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104460. [PMID: 35112501 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
3D anisotropic functional properties (such as magnetic, electrical, thermal, and optical properties, etc.) in a single material are not only beneficial to the multipurpose of a material, but also helpful to enrich the regulatory dimensionality of functional materials. Herein, a colossal 3D electrical anisotropy of layered MAB-phase MoAlB single crystal is introduced and dissected. Using high-temperature metal-solution method, high-quality MoAlB single crystals are obtained and a surprisingly strong out-of-plane (σa /σb = 1.43 × 105 , at 2 K) and in-plane (σa /σc = 12.12, at 2 K) electrical anisotropies are first observed. After a series of experimental and theoretical investigations, it is demonstrated that the 3D anisotropic crystal structure and chemical bond of MoAlB result in its 3D anisotropic phonon vibration and electronic structure, influence the corresponding electron-electron as well as electron-phonon interactions, and finally give rise to its colossal 3D anisotropy of electrical conductivity. This work experimentally and theoretically proves MoAlB single crystal possessing the 3D anisotropies of crystal structure, chemical bond, phonon vibration, electronic structure, and electrical transport, but also provides a promising platform for the future design of functionalized electronic devices as well as synthesis of new and large-sized in-plane anisotropic 2D material (MoBene).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Si
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Wenhai Song
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Wenjian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xuebin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kagami S, Urakami N, Suzuki Y, Hashimoto Y. Solid-source vapor growth and optoelectronic properties of arsenic-based layered group-IV monopnictides. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00302c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the preparation of SiAs and GeAs films using solid-source vapor growth. The shapes of the SiAs and GeAs films were rectangular, reflecting the thermally stable monoclinic phase (C2/m)...
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu W, Fang Y, Li Z, Li S, Liu S, Feng M, Xue DJ, Hu JS. Investigation of the sublimation mechanism of GeSe and GeS. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11461-11464. [PMID: 34651148 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
GeSe and GeS have emerged as promising light-harvesting materials for photovoltaics due to their attractive optoelectronic properties, non-toxic and earth-abundant constituents, and excellent stability. Here we unveil the diatomic molecule sublimation mechanism of GeSe and GeS that directly guides the optimization of GeSe and GeS solar-cell fabricated via the close-space sublimation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Yanyan Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Zongbao Li
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Shumu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shunchang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Mingjie Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ding-Jiang Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Jin-Song Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li K, Tang J. From narrow-bandgap GeSe to wide-bandgap GeS solar cells. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Feng M, Liu SC, Hu L, Wu J, Liu X, Xue DJ, Hu JS, Wan LJ. Interfacial Strain Engineering in Wide-Bandgap GeS Thin Films for Photovoltaics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9664-9671. [PMID: 34133156 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wide-bandgap semiconductors exhibiting a bandgap of ∼1.7-1.9 eV have generated great interest recently due to their important applications in tandem solar cells as top cells and emerging indoor photovoltaics. However, concerns about the stability and toxicity especially in indoor application limit the choice of these materials. Here we report a new member of this family, germanium monosulfide (GeS); this material displays a wide bandgap of 1.7 eV, nontoxic and earth-abundant constituents, and high stability. We find that the little success of GeS solar cells to date is primarily attributed to the challenge in fabricating high-quality polycrystalline GeS films, wherein the high thermal expansion coefficient (α = 3.1 × 10-5 K-1) combined with high crystallization temperature (375 °C) of GeS induces large tensile strain in the GeS film that peels off GeS from the substrate. By introducing a high-α buffer layer between GeS and substrate, we achieve a high-quality polycrystalline GeS thin film that compactly adheres to substrate with no voids. Solar cells fabricated by these GeS films show a power conversion efficiency of 1.36% under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2). The unencapsulated devices are stable when stored in ambient atmosphere for 1500 h. Their efficiencies further increase to 3.6% under indoor illumination of 1000 lux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shun-Chang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liyan Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinpeng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ding-Jiang Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Song Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|